• Title/Summary/Keyword: mutagenic effect

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Effect of Hot Water Extracts from Medicinal Plants on the Mutagenicity of Indirect Mutagens (간접변이원의 돌연변이원성에 대한 생약재 열수 추출물의 효과)

  • Song, Geun-Seoub;Ahn, Byung-Yong;Lee, Kap-Sang;Maeng, Il-Kyung;Choi, Dong-Seong
    • Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.1288-1294
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    • 1997
  • For screening antimutagenic effects, the effects of 95 medicinal plants on the mutagenicity of aflatoxin $B_1$ $(AFB_1)$ and benzo(a)pyrene [B(a)P] were investigated using the SOS chromotest with Escherichia coli PQ37. The mutagenicity induced by $AFB_1$ or B(a)P was reduced over 26% by 2 kinds and 8 kinds of medicinal plant, respectively. Eight plants (Bupleurum falcatum, Corydalis ternata, Gasfrodia elata, Ostericum koreanum, Pinellia ternatia, Poncirus trifoliata, Prunus armeniaca and Rehmannia glutinosa) were also shown to have inhibitory effects on both $AFB_1$ and B(a)P. The mutagenicity induced by $AFB_1$ or B(a)P was increased over 20% by 46 kinds and 2 kinds, respectively, and 8 medicinal plants (Chrysanthemum indicum, Cinnamomum cassia, Cyperus rotundus, Morus bombycis, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Petasites japonicus, Polygonum multiflorium, Thyja orientalis) increased significantly the mutagenicity of both mutagens. However the 8 plants themself did not show the mutagenicity in SOS Chromotest with S-9 mix alone. This result suggests that the above 8 plants may have the co-mutagenic activities. In two bacterial mutation system, SOS Chromotest and Ames test, the mutagenic or antimutagenic activities of some medicinal plants wire similar except Ostricum koreanum, Eugenia caryophyllata and Scutellaria baicalensis.

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The chemical composition and biological activities of volatile flavor components of Elsholtzia splendens (꽃향유 전초의 향기성분 분석과 생리활성 평가)

  • Jeong, Jae Hoon;Lim, Heung Bin
    • Analytical Science and Technology
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    • v.18 no.6
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    • pp.500-510
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    • 2005
  • This study was conducted to investigate the chemical composition of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin isolated from Elsholtzia splendens and their biological activities. Yields of essential oil, absolute and oleoresin extracted from Elsholtzia splendens were 0.28%, 12.45% and 9.95%, respectively. The major component was 2-cyclohexen-1-one in essential oil, methyl linolenate in absolute and 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid in oleoresin. Essential oil and oleoresin showed the inhibitory activities in enzyme-dependent, enzyme-independent and autooxidative lipid peroxidation system. $EC_{50}$ values in nuetral red uptake (NRU) assays for the exposure times of 24 h were $46.4{\mu}g/ml$, $681.7{\mu}g/ml$ and $17.6{\mu}g/ml$ in essential oil, absolute and oleoresin, and oleoresins showed the cytotoxic effect at the only high dose. Any mutagenic and antibiotic activity did not show in absolute and oleoresin, but, there were mutagenic and antibiotic activities only when treated with essential oil $500{\mu}g/ml$ above in Ames test. Essential oil and oleoresin might be somewhat effective in prolongating the ciliostasis of rat trachea.

Studies on the Anti-apoptotic Effect of the Mudanpi (목단피가 세포고사의 억제에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Kwon Duck Yun;Bae Young Chun;Lee Sang Min;Yoo Kwan Seok;Joo Jong Cheon;Kim Kyung Yo
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.18 no.4
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    • pp.1071-1077
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    • 2004
  • Mudanpi (Cortex Moutan Radicis; the root cortex of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews) is an important Chinese crude drug used in many oriental prescriptions. 1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), a major component of this crude drug, has been shown to possess potent antioxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-proliferative effects. In this study, I examined whether PGG could protect Neuro 2A cells, a kind of neuronal cell lines, from oxidative damage through the induction of HO-1 expression and HO activity. Exposure of Neuro 2A cells to PGG (10-50μM) resulted in a concentration- and time-dependent induction of HO-1 mRNA, and protein expressions and heme oxygenase activity. PGG protected the cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death. The protective effect of PGG on hydrogen peroxide-induced cell death was abrogated by zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP IX), a HO inhibitor. These results indicate that PGG is a potent inducer of HO-1 and HO-1 induction is responsible for the PGG-mediated cytoprotection against oxidative damage.

Biologic Effect of Non-ionizing Radiation (비전리방사선의 생물학적 작용)

  • Huh, Seung-Jae;Wu, Hong-Gyun
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.163-168
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    • 1995
  • The Radio-frequency electromagnetic(RFEM) spectrum is defined as waves that range in frequency from>0 to $3{\times}1012Hz$. Although there are several thousands of reports that present data or opinion of the biological response to RFEM radiation, no consensus has emerged regarding thresholds and mechanisms of injury. This review presents a overview of the subject on mechanisms of interaction of RFEM fields with tissue, chromosomal and mutagenic effect. carcinogenic effects. The scope of the review is expanded to include systemic effects such as those on reproduction, growth, and development, hematological effects. Some biological end points, those with associated with behavior and cataractogenesis is discussed.

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The effect of smoking on the quality boiled sausage (훈제 처리가 가열소지에 미치는 영향)

  • 정청송;유상훈
    • Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.1-41
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    • 2001
  • The effect of smoking on the quality sausage Sausages were prepared from beef, port, chickens, games, fish and shellfish with polyphosphate salt and spices. Sausage history goes back to 3,000 years of age. The procedure of sausage 1) Meat Curing 2) Meat Control 3) Add Spices 4) Permissible Ingredients 5) Grinding 6) Mixing Emulsion 7) Stuffing 8) Showing 9) Smoking 10) Cooking 11) Drying 12) Packaging Sausage Product to get information on the effect of smoking onto the quality of meat produces. Sausage was smoked under a given conditions. Smoking was conducted as 35f$^{\circ}C$to 6$0^{\circ}C$ the related humidity of smokehouse was still at 60 to 70 percent. Results are as follows: 1. The Penetrated smoke in sausage was prolonged < p.<0.02 when sausage was smoked 2hours at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ the penetrated amount of free acetone in sausage was 0.5mg%. 2. Peroxide value of sausage as heating treatment both at 3$0^{\circ}C$ and at 5$0^{\circ}C$ was prolonged. 3. When sausage was heated at 3$0^{\circ}C$, bacteria of sausage increased In number while at 60~$65^{\circ}C$ bacteria of sausage increased In number fourteen hours. 4. When sausage was treated with smoking the distribution of free amino acids in sausage was changed markedly. 5. The longer smoking time of the products was the higher the content. 6. In case of oak wood smoke flavoring all of test samples. 7. Rapid decrease of does-response mutagenic curve of the smoke flavoring of oak wood and apple wood by in the peak of curve and phenol in the smoke flavoring. Continuous efforts are required to make sausages easily in the butcher shops and in the restaurants. 8. Sausage texture evaluation has 13 rules. It is Elasticity, Surface Moisture, Surface Smoothness, Center Hardness, Skin Toughness, Cohesiveness, Denseness, Moisture Release, Cohesiveness of Mass, Lumpiness, Graininess (of Contents), Skin separation, Oiliness and sensory 11 rules evaluation is color, texture, mold, flavor, sweet test, salty, sourness, bitter, and savory taste. 9. Smoked, component, peroxide value, bacteria, color, free amino acid, tenderness, flavor, shrinkage are important values.

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Evaluation for Safety of Tricyclazole (I) (살균제 Tricyclazole에 대한 안전성 평가 (I))

  • Hwang, In-Young;Choi, Eui-Ju;Roh, Jung-Koo
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 1985
  • Fate of tricyclazole in rice paddy system was studied. The effect on soil microorganism as well as the mutagenicity of the compound was also examined. The residues of tricyclazole in crops and soil with two times application before harvest were 0.37 in unpolished rice, 0.29 in polished rice, 0.14 in rice straw, and 0.15 ppm in paddy soil. With three times of application the residues were increased to 0.46, 0.39, and 0.19 ppm, respectively. Until $2{\sim}3$ weeks after treatment of pesticide the degradation of tricyclazole was progressed comparatively but very slowly afterward and the half life of that was about $140{\sim}180$ days. There was no effect for viable count of soil microorganisms and for mutagenic test by Salmonella and Saccharomyces systems.

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Inhibitory Effect of Resveratrol on Lipopolysaccharide-induced p21 (WAF1/CIP1) and Bax Expression in Astroglioma C6 Cells (C6 신경교세포에서 lipopolysaccharide에 의한 p21 (WAF1/CIP1) 및 Bax의 발현증가에 미치는 resveratrol의 영향)

  • Kim, Young-Ae;Lim, Sun-Young;Rhee, Sook-Hee;Choi, Yung-Hyun
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.19 no.1
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    • pp.124-129
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    • 2005
  • Resveratrol, a phytoalexin found at high levels in grapes and in grape products such as red wine, has been reported to possess a wide range of biological and pharmacological activities including anti-oxident, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, and anti-carcinogenic effects, but its molecular mechanism is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effects of resveratrol on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced growth inhibitory activity and cell growth-regulatory gene products in astroglioma C6 cells to elucidate its possible mechanism for anti-cytotoxicity. It is shown that LPS induced time-dependent growth inhibition and morphological changes of C6 cells, which were recovered by pre-treatment with resveratrol. The anti-proliferative effect of LPS was associated with the induction of tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21 (WAF1/CIP1) expression assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis in time-dependent manner in C6 cells. In addition, the pro-apoptotic Bax expression was also up-regulated in LPS-treated C6 cells without alteration of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL expression. However, resveratrol significantly inhibited LPS-induced p53, p21 and Bax levels, suggesting that the modulation of p53, p21 and Bax levels could be one of the possible pathways by which resveratrol functions as anti-cytotoxic agent.

Screening of the Mutagenicity and Antimutagenicity of the Hot Water Extracts from Medicinal Plants (한약재 열수 추출물의 변이원 및 항변이원 활성의 검색)

  • Jung, Ju-Eun;Kang, Mi-Young;Nam, Seok-Hyun
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.42 no.4
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 1999
  • The mutagenicity, antimutagenicity, and cytotoxicity of the hot water extracts of 130 medicinal plants were examined. The results obtained using authentic alkaline phosphatase activity as the growth representative of the indicator cell, E. coli PQ37, demonstrated that the extracts of 14 medicinal plants including, Forsythia koreana Nakai, showed strong toxic effect on the cell growth, however, the extracts of 22 medicinal plants, including Phlomis umbrosa Turcz., were shown to have stimulatory effect on the cell growth. The mutagenicity and antimutagenicity of the medicinal plants were screened using SOS chromotest. The mutagenic activity was detected from 36 kinds of the samples, including Forsythia koreana Nakai and Coptis japonica Nakai. On the contrary, 12 medicinal plants, including Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge, were shown to have a significant antimutagenic activity.

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Appropriate In Vitro Methods for Genotoxicity Testing of Silver Nanoparticles

  • Kim, Ha Ryong;Park, Yong Joo;Shin, Da Young;Oh, Seung Min;Chung, Kyu Hyuck
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • v.28
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    • pp.3.1-3.8
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    • 2013
  • Objectives We investigated the genotoxic effects of 40-59 nm silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) by bacterial reverse mutation assay (Ames test), in vitro comet assay and micronucleus (MN) assay. In particular, we directly compared the effect of cytochalasin B (cytoB) and rat liver homogenate (S9 mix) in the formation of MN by Ag-NPs. Methods Before testing, we confirmed that Ag-NPs were completely dispersed in the experimental medium by sonication (three times in 1 minute) and filtration ($0.2{\mu}m$ pore size filter), and then we measured their size in a zeta potential analyzer. After that the genotoxicity were measured and especially, S9 mix and with and without cytoB were compared one another in MN assay. Results Ames test using Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 strains revealed that Ag-NPs with or without S9 mix did not display a mutagenic effect. The genotoxicity of Ag-NPs was also evaluated in a mammalian cell system using Chinese hamster ovary cells. The results revealed that Ag-NPs stimulated DNA breakage and MN formation with or without S9 mix in a dose-dependent manner (from $0.01{\mu}g/mL$ to $10{\mu}g/mL$). In particular, MN induction was affected by cytoB. Conclusions All of our findings, with the exception of the Ames test results, indicate that Ag-NPs show genotoxic effects in mammalian cell system. In addition, present study suggests the potential error due to use of cytoB in genotoxic test of nanoparticles.

The Antimutagenic Activity of Sulfated Alginate and Its Effect on the Growth of Lactobacillus acidophillus (황 흡착 알긴산의 Lactobacillus acidophillus 성장에 미치는 영향 및 항 돌연변이 작용)

  • 강경금;박난희;김정목
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.757-761
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    • 2004
  • The alginate extracted from Hizikia fusiform by the acid alkali soluble alginate (AASA) extraction method was reacted with Na$_2$SO$_4$. The amount of sulfate absorbed in the 3% alginate solution was determined about 18,435 ppm by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Both alginate and S-alginate stimulated the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus in MRS broth and peptone water medium. The addition of S-alginate to the media showed the higher bacterial numbers than alginate supplement. There was no mutagenic activity of S-alginate in the Ames test using the Salmonella Typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. The S-alginate showed suppressive effect against 2-NF and MMS of mutagens.