• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.147-158
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of music therapy on state anxiety, perception of pain of dental patients. The subjects consisted of forty patients undergoing dental treatment at one dental clinic. Twenty eight of them were assigned to the experimental group, while twelve subjects to the control group. The data were collected from June 29 to August 1, 1998 by means of a state anxiety scale (by Spielberger) questionnaire and visual analog scale for pain measurement. The data were analysed with $X^2$-test, t-test, and paired t-test. The results are as follows 1) There were no significant differences between the experimental and the control group on the post treatment the state anxiety score. However, in the experimental group, the state anxiety score decreased significantly after music therapy(t=3.19, p=0.003). In the control group, the state anxiety score did not decrease significantly(t=1.65, p=0.126). Especially, high score group on the state anxiety was found to be of significant differences in the experimental group (t=3.09, p=0.007). 2) There were no significant differences between the experimental and the control group on the post treatment perception of pain. However, after music therapy, the experimental group had a lower post treatment perception of pain than the control group. 3) After music therapy, subjective response of the experimental group was one of relative contentment. From these results, it is concluded that music therapy as a nursing intervention can be effective in decreasing anxiety in dental patients.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2011

Objectives Postpartum blues is known to be a major risk factor for postpartum depression and can be associated with the problems of language skills, behaviors or learning skills of their children. Therefore, it is very important for clinicians to evaluate precisely and control postpartum blues. Recent studies have found that music has an effect on depressive mood and the frontal EEG asymmetry of the patients with depression. The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of music on the frontal EEG asymmetry of the mothers with postpartum blues. Method Among one hundred and seventy mothers assessed with Korean version of the Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), nine mothers with postpartum blues (EPDS ${\geq}$ 10) as postpartum blues group and nine non-depressive mothers (EPDS < 10) as non-depressive mother group were included. Ten non-labored, non-depressive women were also included as a normal control group. The subjects were evaluated with the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)-X1, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Depression Adjective Checklist-Korean version (K-DACL) and EEG twice before and after the music sesssion with the length of twenty minutes and thirty two seconds. The statistical analyses were done for A1 score (log R - log L) which were computed from the alpha powers at F3 and F4. Results No significant difference was noted in demographic data among all three groups. The postpartum blues group had higher scores in the STAI-X1, the VAS and the K-DACL compared to the other groups at baseline, and their A1 scores were lower than those of only normal controls. There was a statistically significant increase of A1 score only in the postpartum blues group after the music session. Conclusion This study suggests that the mothers with postpartum blues may have a frontal EEG asymmetry which is possibly associated with their depressive mood, and the music session can affect the frontal asymmetry positively.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.222-232
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• 2017

본 연구는 국악장단을 이용한 음악치료가 치매노인의 상지기능 향상에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 참여자는 B시에 소재하는 요양원의 장기요양보호 적용을 받고 있는 만 65세 이상의 치매진단 환자 13명이며, 상지기능평가(MFT), 일상생활동작, 인지기능검사(관리기능)에 대해 음악치료 전 후의 점수차이를 분석하였다. 연구결과 국악장단의 청각적 자극은 치매노인의 상지기능 향상에 유의한 변화를 가져왔으며, 일상생활은 물론 치매평가의 관리기능까지 증진시킬 수 있다는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 임상현장에서 치매노인을 대상으로 국악장단을 활용한 음악중재의 타당성을 제시하는 기초자료로 활용 될 수 있으며, 또한 치매노인을 위한 음악치료프로그램의 개발 시 국악장단이 이들의 신체기능 뿐만 아니라 인지기능에도 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2017

Objectives : As of 2013, South Korea ranked number one in the world in smartphone penetration rate with 67.6%. Unfortunately, with the rise of smart phone use, side effects such as fraud, loss of personal information, identity theft, formation and widening of a mobile information gap, and last, but not least, smart phone addiction, also increased. Methods : Seventh (7th)graders from a girls' junior high school in Seoul, the capital of South Korea, we reevaluated the Smart phone Addiction Proneness Scale (S-scale). Among the 9 students classified as high risk users, 5 were randomly selected for a study group, and the remaining 4 students, meanwhile, were designated as a control group. The study group received Korean medicine music therapy (KMMT) in a total of 8 sessions, each session lasting 50 minutes. Both pre- and post-interventions, the two groups completed the S-scale, Harris and Harris' concentration grid exercise, STAI, and STAXI-K. We analyzed the data by t-test and paired t-test using IBM SPSS Statistics. Results : KMMT had a significant influence on proneness to smart phone addiction (t=3.130, p=.035). KMMT had positive effects on concentration improvement (t=-2.935, p=.043), trait-anxiety symptoms improvement (t=2,992, p=.040), and anger-expression control (t=4.416, p=.012). Conclusions : KMMT had positive, improving effects on trait anxiety and anger expression, which in turn enhanced the improvement of concentration as well as the decrease of smart phone-addiction proneness.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-65
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• 2012

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the effect of music therapy on the physiologic index, anxiety and dyspnea of patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilators, and to compare the effects between western and Korean traditional music. Methods: The research format is repeated measures design. The subject group consisted of 21 patients being weaned from mechanical ventilators in a tertiary general hospital in Seoul. Each patient randomly received western music, rest, and Korean traditional music. Western and Korean traditional music were played on an MP3 head phone for 30 minutes. Patients get 30 minutes of rest between the 2 music styles and the rest period. Physiological indices, anxiety and dyspnea were measured before and after patients listened to both styles of music and the rest period. Anxiety and dyspnea were measured with a visual analogue scale. Results: Respiratory rates (RR), rapid shallow breath indexes (RSBI), anxiety and dyspnea decreased, and tidal volume (TV) increased after listening to Western and Korean tradition music in patients weaning from mechanical ventilators. Compared to western music, Korean traditional music yielded significant decreases in RR, RSBI, anxiety and dyspnea, and an increase of TV. Conclusion: Western and Korean traditional music would decrease RR, RSBI, anxiety and dyspnea and increase TV of patients who are weaning from mechanical ventilators. The effects are more pronounced in patients listening to Korean traditional music compared to western music.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.245-252
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was to identify the effects of laughing and music therapy on depression and the activities of the autonomic nervous system in the elderly with dementia. Methods: The participants were 61 seniors over 65 years old with dementia, admitted to nursing homes. Twenty of them received laughing therapy, 21 received music therapy and 18 were in the control group. A total of 59 patients' data were analyzed. Depression was measured by Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia tool, and the activities of the autonomic nervous system by the heart rate variability measuring device. The data were analyzed by frequency and percentage, Chi-square test, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey test. Results: The depression of the music therapy group was more significantly decreased than the laughing therapy group and the control group. The activities of the autonomic nervous system of the laughing therapy group were more significantly increased than the music therapy group. The magnitude of the activities of the autonomic nervous system of the laughing therapy group were more significantly increased than the music therapy group. Conclusion: This study showed that music therapy was more effective than laughing therapy for the decrease of depression. Laughing and music therapy were more effective than in the control group for increasing the activities of the para-sympathetic nervous system and decreasing the activities of the sympathetic nerve system.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.35-46
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• 2005

호스피스 환자들은 질병으로 인한 심리 정서적 문제를 동반하는데 이에 대한 적절한 치료적 개입이 이루어지지 않으면 이러한 문제가 신체화 현상으로 나타나면서 삶의 질을 방해하는 요인으로 작용한다. 본 연구는 음악이 부정적인 자기 은폐(self-concealment)를 감소시키고 언어적 비언어적 표현(self-expression)을 촉진시키는 지를 보고자하는 데에 그 목적을 두었다. 호스피스 기관에 있는 전문가들로부터 추천받은 3명의 말기 환자들을 대상으로 4개월간의 음악치료 세션을 실시하였으며, 음악치료는 각 환자들의 상태에 따라 총 9회에서 11회에 걸쳐 진행되었다. 자기은폐척도(Self-Concealment Scale: SCS)와 자기서술문(Personal Descriptive Essays)을 이용하여 음악치료프로그램 사전, 사후 검사를 실행한 후 양적 및 질적 자료를 산출하여 결과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과 다양한 음악적 개입 중에서 특히 노래를 중심으로 구성된 프로그램이 삶과 관련된 여러 가지 주제와 감정적 내용들에 대한 환자들의 반응을 이끌어 내는 데에 효과적임을 보여주었다. 사후 검사에서 환자들의 자기은폐 수준이 낮아졌으며, 자기서술문에서 보고된 자료에는 사실적인 내용 대신 감정적 내용이 증가하였음을 보여주었다. 본 연구는 여러 가지 심리 정서적 어려움을 가지고 있는 말기 환자들에게 감정표현과 의사소통 매개체로서 음악이 효과적이라는 결과를 보여주었다. 또한, 자기감정과의 만남과 이에 대한 표현은 삶의 질을 향상시킨다는 관점에서 감상과 같은 수동적 참여를 기본으로 환자의 활동 수준에 맞추어 음악프로그램을 구성한다면 환자들의 삶의 질을 향상시킬 수 있다는 점을 시사한다.

• 인간행동과 음악연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.51-70
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 집단음악치료 기반 음악극 창작활동 프로그램이 지역아동센터 아동의 자아존중감, 자기표현력, 사회성 향상에 미치는 영향을 알아보는 것에 있다. 연구프로그램은 지역아동센터를 이용하고 있는 28명의 아동들을 대상으로 진행하였으며, 저학년 14명, 고학년 14명으로 구성되었다. 학년별 집단은 실험집단 7명, 통제집단 7명으로 배치하였으며, 실험집단은 총 12회기의 음악극 창작활동 프로그램에 참여하였다. 음악극 창작활동 프로그램은 탐색-창작-실행의 총 3단계로 구성되었으며, 각 단계는 아동들이 기존 음악극을 체험하고, 자신들의 음악극을 창작하여 음악극 발표를 경험할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 참여자의 변화를 확인하기 위해 자아존중감 척도, 자기표현능력 척도, 사회성기술평가척도를 사전, 사후에 실시하였다. 연구결과, 실험집단은 통제집단과 비교해 음악극 창작활동 프로그램에 참여 후 자아존중감, 자기표현력, 사회성 점수가 유의하게 증가했다. 이와 같은 연구결과는 단계적으로 구성된 집단음악치료 기반 음악극 창작활동에서 제공되는 음악경험의 수준과 완성도가 발달기 아동의 개인적 사회적 역량강화에 긍정적 경험이 될 수 있음을 시사한다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.195-209
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• 2009

This study analyzed aspects of multiple intelligences related to rhythm, melody, understanding and representation of traditional Korean music. Subjects were 60 4-to 6-years-old children. Instruments were the Children's Korean Traditional Music (KTM) Ability Test (Park 2006)and Korean Multiple Intelligence Development Assessment Scale-My Young Child (MIDAS-MYC, Shearer, 1996). Data were analyzed by correlations and t-test. Findings were that (1) average scores on KTM rhythm and understandings were higher than melody and representation. (2) Traditional rhythm ability correlated most with linguistic intelligence. (3) Multiple intelligences by representation ability for KTM differed significantly in Linguistic intelligence and relationships to Naturalist, Musical, Logical-mathematical, Interpersonal, and Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligences.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권9호
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• pp.1502-1508
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• 2017

A musical key is a fundamental concept in Western music theory. It is a collective characterization of pitches and chords that together create a musical perception of the entire piece. It is based on a group of pitches in a scale with which a music is constructed. Each key specifies the set of seven primary chromatic notes that are used out of the twelve possible notes. This paper presents a method that identifies the key of a song using Hidden Markov Models given a sequence of chroma features. Given an input song, a sequence of chroma features are computed. It is then classified into one of the 24 keys using a discrete Hidden Markov Models. The proposed method can help musicians and disc-jockeys in mixing a segment of tracks to create a medley. When tested on 120 songs, the success rate of the music key identification reached around 87.5%.