• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2016

Phytochemical investigation of the stems of Pueraria lobata (Wild) Ohwi (Leguminosae), led to the isolation of eighteen known compounds: ${\beta}$-amyrone (1), (+)-pinoresinol (2), (+)-syringaresinol (3) $(+)-syringaresinol-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucoside$ (4), (+)-lariciresinol (5), (-)-tuberosin (6), naringenin (7), liquiritigenin (8), isoliquiritigenin (9) genistein (10), daidzein (11) daidzin (12) daidzein 4',7-diglucoside (13) 2,4,4'-trihydroxy deoxybenzoin (14), S-(+)-1-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(4-hydroxy-2-methoxy-phenyl)propan-2-one (15), methyl $2-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucopyranosylbenzoate$ (16), pyromeconic acid $3-O-{\beta}-{\small{D}}-glucopyranoside$ 6'- (O-4''-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoate) (17), and allantion (18). The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated from spectroscopic data and by comparison of those data with previously published results. The effects of isolated compounds on mushroom tyrosinase enzymatic activity were screened. The results indicated that, chloroform extract of P. lobata stems turned out to be having tyrosinase inhibitory effect, and only compounds 5, 8, 9, and 11 showed enzyme inhibitory activity, with $IC_{50}$ values of $21.49{\pm}4.44$, $25.24{\pm}6.79$, $4.85{\pm}2.29$, and $17.50{\pm}1.29{\mu}M$, respectively, in comparison with these of positive control, kojic acid ($IC_{50}\;12.28{\pm}2.72{\mu}M$). The results suggest that P. lobata stems extract as well as its chemical components may represent as potential candidates for tyrosinase inhibitors.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2022

In this study, derivatives of trimethoxybenzene were investigated as inhibitors of melanogenesis. We examined the effects of methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (MTB), ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzoate (ETB), methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (MTC), and ethyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (ETC). First, the inhibitory effects of these agents on melanin production were evaluated using α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-stimulated B16F10 melanoma cells. We found that all derivatives decreased α-MSH-induced melanin production in B16F10 melanoma cells; ETC showed a strong inhibitory effect at half of the concentration of the other derivatives. As tyrosinase is considered a key enzyme of melanogenesis, we also examined whether the derivatives inhibited tyrosinase activity. MTC and ETC reduced mushroom tyrosinase activity and expression levels of α-MSH-induced B16F10 cellular tyrosinase protein. Inhibitory effects of all derivatives on α-MSH-induced B16F10 cellular tyrosinase activity were shown in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the derivatives were exposed to diphenylpicrylhydrazyl free radical to examine their antioxidant characteristics. All derivatives showed considerable antioxidant activity, which was 2-fold higher than that of arbutin. In conclusion, the trimethoxybenzene derivatives, including MTB, ETB, MTC, and ETC exerted anti-melanogenic and antioxidant effects on α-MSH-stimulated melanogenesis, demonstrating their potential for use as novel hypopigmenting agents and antioxidants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1585-1590
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• 2007

Although a number of melanogenesis inhibitors have recently been reported and used as cosmetic additives, none is completely satisfactory, leaving a need for novel skin-depigmenting agents. Thus, to develop a novel skin depigmenting agent from natural sources, the inhibition of melanogenesis by Chinese plants was evaluated. A methanolic extract of Nigella glandulifera Freyn was found to inhibit the melanin synthesis of murine B16F10 melanoma cells by 43.7% and exhibited a low cytotoxicity (8.1%) at a concentration of $100\;{\mu}g/ml$. Thus, to identify the melanogenesis-inhibiting mechanism, the inhibitory activity towards tyrosinase, the key enzyme of melanogenesis, was further evaluated, and the results showed inhibitory effects on the activity of intracellular tyrosinase yet not on mushroom tyrosinase. Finally, to isolate the compounds with a hypopigmenting capability, activity-guided isolation was performed, and Dioctyl phthalate identified as inhibiting melanogenesis.

• 생약학회지
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.84-91
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• 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the melanin synthesis inhibitory effect of Aspergillus fumigatus fermented extract. In this study, we revealed the effects of A. fumigatus fermented extract on melanin contents, mushroom tyrosinase activity, and expression levels of mRNA and proteins of melanogenesis-related gene in B16F10 melanoma cells. A. fumigatus fermented extract inhibited both melanin contents and tyrosinase activity. In addition, the expression level of mRNA or proteins of melanogenesis was down-regulated in the A. fumigatus fermented extract treated B16F10 cells with dose-dependent manner. Moreover, when the clinical test was conducted, it was confirmed that the use of the fermented extract of A. fumigatus for 8 weeks improved skin brightness 1.586 times brighter and skin melanin 1.331 times better compared to the control product. Taken together, our results suggest that A. fumigatus fermented extract has melanogenesis inhibitory effect and whitening activity, thus it showed the possibility for using as a functional whitening cosmetic resource.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 제주도에 자생하고 있는 12종의 야생 버섯에 대한 항산화, 미백 그리고 염증억제 효능을 조사하였다. 항산화 효능은 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)를 이용한 free radical 소거 활성을 측정하였으며, 미백 효능 검정을 위하여 tyrosinase 저해활성을 측정하였다. 그리고 항염 효능 검정을 위하여 nitric oxide (NO) 생성 저해활성을 측정하였다. 그 결과, DPPH 소거 활성($FSC_{50}$)에서는 참나무 잔나비버섯 추출물($74.8{\mu}g/mL$), 서어나무 잔나비버섯 추출물($182.6{\mu}g/mL$)이 높은 억제 활성을 나타내었다. Tyrosinase 저해 활성($IC_{50}$)에서는 참나무 잔나비버섯 추출물($346.8{\mu}g/mL$)이 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었고, 이는 비교 대조군으로 사용한 Arbutin ($421.6{\mu}g/mL$)보다 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 염증 억제 효능 관련 NO 생성 저해율을 측정한 결과, $100{\mu}g/mL$ 처리 시 참나무 잔나비버섯과 때죽나무 잔나비버섯에서 각각 74.1%, 62.9%의 억제활성을 나타내었다. 그리고, 이들을 농도별로 처리한 결과 농도 의존적으로 NO 생성을 저해함을 확인할 수 있었다. 이상의 연구결과로부터, 참나무 잔나비버섯, 서어나무 잔나비버섯, 때죽나무 잔나비버섯에서 화장품 효능 원료로서의 가능성을 발견할 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.355-362
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 효소처리 한 대두추출물의 항산화 및 미백 효과를 확인하기 위하여 DPPH 및 hydroxyl radical 포착활성을 측정하였고, 멜라닌 생성의 첫 단계인 tyrosinase 활성, mouse melanoma B16BL6 세포 생존율 및 TRP-1, TRP-2 발현 저해활성을 측정하였다. 또한 기존의 기계적 마쇄 가공한 대두추출물과 효소처리 가공한 대두추출물의 항산화 및 미백효과를 비교 조사하였다. 효소처리 한 대두추출물의 DPPH radical 소거능과 hydroxyl radical 소거능이 마쇄처리 한 추출물보다 높았으며, 특히 효소처리군이 마쇄군에 비하여 20% 이상 높은 항산화력을 나타내었다. 또한 마쇄군에 비하여 효소처리군이 tyrosinase와 TRP-1, TRP-2의 더 높은 활성 억제능을 보였다. 이는 대두가 B16BL6 melanoma 세포의 tyrosinase 단백질의 활성을 저해시킴으로써 멜라닌 생성을 억제하는데 효과적임을 의미하는 동시에 효소처리에 의하여 대두의 영양소의 손실이 더 적었음을 나타낸다. 결론적으로 효소처리에 의한 대두 추출물은 항산화 활성과 미백 효과가 우수하여 기능성 화장품의 천연 소재로서 활용 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.526-532
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 동해안에서 채집된 88종의 해조류에 대하여 미백제로서 응용 가능성을 알아보기 위해 멜라닌 생성에 미치는 영향을 in vitro 실험을 통해 알아보았다. Melan-a 세포에 해조류 추출물을 처리하여 멜라닌 양을 측정한 결과, 고리매, 미역쇠, 왜모자반, 감태, 톳추출물에서 멜라닌 생성이 감소되었으며, 특히 미역쇠추출물을 처리하였을 때 가장 유효하게 농도의존적으로 멜라닌 생성이 감소되었다. 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과가 tyrosinase 활성 저해와 관련 있는지를 확인한 결과, 약한 활성을 가지지만 직접 작용하여 활성을 저해하지는 않으면서, 세포 내의 tyrosinase 활성을 농도의존적으로 저해하였다. 이는 세포 내 tyrosinase 활성저해가 직접적이 아닌 다른 기전에 의해 일어난다는 것을 의미하며, 그 기전 중의 하나인 ${\alpha}$-glucosidase활성을 측정한 결과 농도의존적으로 활성을 저해하였으며, 세포 내 tyrosinase 활성 저해와 높은 상관도를 보임을 확인하였다. 즉 미역쇠추출물은 N-linked glycoprotein인 tyrosinase의 glycosylation을 억제하여 tyrosinase의 세포 내 이동이나 활성을 억제할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 미역쇠추출물은 피부 미백에 유효한 활성을 나타내는 천연 유용자원으로 활용할 가치가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.29-33
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• 2004

Low molecular weight silk fibroin (LMSF), which was prepared by hydrolysis of silk fibroin using high-temperature and high-pressure method, was found to inhibit the oxidation of L-3,4,-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) catalyzed by mushroom tyrosinase (EC 1.14.18.1). LMSF contained mostly free amino acids such as L-glycine, L-alanine, and L-serine and oligopeptides, mainly glycine-alanine dimer. As a result of analyzing the inhibition kinetics from Lineweaver-Burk plots, L-glycine and glycine-alanine dimer showed noncompetitive behavior while uncompetitive behavior was observed in L-alanine, and L-serine. When weight percent concentration of ${ID_50}$ was compared, L-glycine was most effective on the inhibition and LMSF was also good enough for the inhibition effect of tyrosinase activity. LMSF showed a mixed-type inhibition and the inhibitory mechanism of LMSF might be caused by free amino acids and oligopeptides. As a result of spectroscopic observation with time, initial rate of increase of DOPAchrome decreased remarkably and the time to reach maximum absorbance increased as an increase of the concentration of L-glycine, meaning that L-glycine made itself mainly responsible for the formation of chelate with ${Cu^2+}$ in tyrosinase. However, in case of L-alanine, L-serine, and especially glycine-alanine dimmer, the production of DOPAchrome after an arrival at maximum absorbance decreased, indicating the production of adducts through the reaction with DOPAquinone.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.368-373
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• 2003

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract, known as depigmenting agent, on melanin biosynthesis in the HM3KO human melanoma cells. The inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract on melanogenesis was identified by mushroom tyrosinase assay in vitro. To determine whether Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract suppress melanin synthesis in cellular level, HM3KO cells were cultured in the presence of different concentrations of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract and the effects on cell proliferation, melanin contents and tyrosinase activity were examined after 3 days. Treatment with Glycyrrhizae Radix at various concentrations did not exhibit any change of cell viability, and increased the cell proliferation. And the water extract of Glycyrrhizae Radix inhibited melanin contents and tyrosinase activity in a dose-dependent manner, compared with untreated group. These results suggest that the inhibitory effect of Glycyrrhizae Radix water extract on melanogenesis is due to the suppression of tyrosinase in HM3KO cells.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2016

This study describes the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and melanogenesis inhibition activities of methanol extract and various organic solvent fractions of Arecae Pericarpium. We examined the inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in RAW 264.7 cells, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) scavenging activity, mushroom tyrosinase inhibition activity and melanin contents. The study showed that, among all tested fractions, methylene chloride fraction showed the strongest inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells ($IC_{50}$ value $8.89{\mu}g/mL$) and DPPH radical scavenging activity ($EC_{50}$ value $21.39{\mu}g/mL$). Methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions similarly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity. Methanol extract exhibited strongest reduction of melanin content in B16F10 melanoma cells. Based on the bioactivity assay results, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate fractions were further separated. Eight phenolic compounds were isolated, which are dimeric syringol (1), catechol (2), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (3), vanillin (4), 4-hydroxyacetophenone (5), apocynin (6), protocatechuic acid (7) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (8). Among the isolated compounds tested, catechol showed the strongest inhibition of LPS-induced NO production in RAW 264.7 cells. Catechol also showed the concentration-dependent NF-${\kappa}B$ inhibition activity. Arecae Pericarpium might have potentials to be developed as anti-inflammatory agent or dermatological product for skin-whitening agent.