• Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.113-119
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• 2013

We developed a transformed, symmetrical, mushroom-like surface without via holes in cells focused on a 2.4-GHz WLAN band. Each slot in the novel type structure plays a key role in modeling at the desired frequencies. The designed artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) has several advantages, including a small size, a wider bandwidth, a short reflecting distance to the antenna, and easy fabrication because there are no via holes. Overall dimensions of the AMC cell are 21 mm $(Width){\times}21mm$ $(Height){\times}2.6mm$ (Thickness), and the bandwidth is about three times wider (11.7%) compared to that of a conventional AMC (4.0%). For evaluating the performance of the proposed structure, a reflector, which periodically consists of the designed AMC cells, was developed. The antenna with the investigated AMC reflector not only works within a quarter of the wavelength because of the extremely high wave impedance generated by the AMC cells on the surface of the structure but also reduces the specific absorption rate (SAR). Electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure to a human phantom was analyzed by applying the designed reflector to the 2.4-GHz dipole antenna in a tablet PC. The calculated peak SAR averaged over 1 g was 0.125 W/kg when the input power was 1 W and the antenna was located at 20 cm from the human phantom. However, the SAR value was only 0.002 W/kg (i.e., 98.4% blocked) when the designed reflector was inserted in front of the antenna.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.161-166
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• 2009

The purpose of the present study is to develop a simple, fast and sensitive LC/MS method for simultaneous separation and the determination of an active component in the oriental medicinal mushroom Cordyceps militaris. Based on this work, the contents of cordycepin in Cordyceps militaris fruiting cultivated on various media were determined and compared. And also, the nutritional components such as minerals and vitamins were determined in order to provide useful information to consumer as a food material. The analysis methods of nutritional components were chosen on the basis of AOAC. The optimum separation for cordycepin was achieved using a solvent gradient consisting of the mixture of 0.1% formic acid in methanol (solvent B) in a background of 0.1% formic acid in water (solvent A) as a mobile phase and a 3.0${\times}$150 Waters XTera column. Selective ion monitoring (SIR) mode ([M+H]+ at m/z 252) was used for quantitative analysis of cordycepin. The cultivated Cordyceps militaris on various media contained 1~14 /g of cordycepin, 0.65~1.08% of thiamine, 0.86~7.17% of riboflavin, and 3.01~5.26% of niacin. The content of mineral components varied on categories, especially contained 500~3500% of potassium as a major mineral. Cordycepin, niacin and potassium were found much higher in the fruiting cultivated with soy power media (gold 10) than other media.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.387-394
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate effect of complex extract of various mushrooms and sharp toothed eel on the skin conditions with atopic dermatitis and acne symptoms. The total phenol concentration was increased in order of hot water> ethanol> ethyl acetate> petroleum ether> chloroform extract. Especially, when the hot water extract was used, it was about 2-3 fold higher than that of ethyl acetate, petroleumether, and chloroform extract. When the complex extract concentration was increased from 1.0 to 50 mg/L, the DPPH scavenging rate increased from 10.1 to 81.4%. The reduction power was sharply increased from 0.05 to 0.27 (700 nm) when the complex extract concentration was increased from 25 to 75 mg/L. However, above 100 mg/L, it was not decreased. In the case of SOD-like activity, it was 45.7% at 100 mg/L. Total numbers of patients with atopic dermatitis were 15 and 5 patients with severe acne symptoms. According to photos taken before and after the treatment and questionnaire results, considerable improvements in skin conditions are observed in the patients with atopic dermatitis and acne. For atopic patients, erythema and edema have been improved but the degree of effect was dependent on the individual's constitution. Concerning acne, the effect of coating of the extracts was prominent for first week and the degree decreased with time till 4 weeks. The complex extracts wereefficient in soothing rash and maturation. Side effects such as a scar were not detected during the application and treatment.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.12
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• pp.1052-1061
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• 2023

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of fermentation by B. subtilis (BPLE), L. brevis (LPLE), S. cerevisiae (SPLE) and C. militaris (CPLE) on the antioxidant activity of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae fed with mushroom substrates (king oyster mushroom). The total polyphenol content of Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (PLE), BPLE, LPLE, SPLE and CPLE were 58.07±0.67, 83.33±0.98, 79.21±1.32, 61.02±0.87 and 57.90±1.02 mg GAEs/extract g, respectively. The flavonoid contents of the PLE, BPLE, LPLE, SPLE and CPLE were 17.35±1.57, 19.49±0.95, 16.90±1.57, 18.12±0.95 and 16.99±0.95 mg QEs/extract g, respectively. The DPPH radical scavenging activity showed no significant difference between the PLE, BPLE, LPLE, SPLE and CPLE at a concentration of 0.2 mg/ml. However, at a concentration of 0.4 mg/ml or more, the DPPH radical scavenging activity of the BPLE and LPLE was higher than that of the PLE. The reducing power of the BPLE and LPLE was also higher than that of the PLE, and more than twice as high at a concentration of 0.8 mg/ml or more. The ORAC value of the BPLE (79.77±0.82 uM TEs/extract g) was higher than that of the PLE (61.34±0.97 uM TEs/extract g). A WST-1 assay of the RAW 264.7 cells indicated that the PLE, BPLE, LPLE, SPLE and CPLE showed no cytotoxicity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.12
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• pp.1988-1993
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• 2013

The aims of this study were to investigate the quality characteristics of yellow layer cake added with Sparassis crispa powder that were abundant in dietary fiber, and also to determine the most suitable amount of added S. crispa powder. Dried powder of S. crispa containing 61.8 g/100 g insoluble dietary fiber was added to the cake batter in Baker's percentage of 1%, 2%, 4%, and 8%. Cake batter containing 1% and 2% S. crispa powder showed similar pH, specific gravity, and viscosity values to the batter without S. crispa powder (control). As the amount of added S. crispa power increased, the volume, specific volume, baking loss, and brightness (for both crust and crumb) of the cake containing the powder tended to decrease. A greater amount of added S. crispa powder resulted in a decrease in hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of the cake containing the powder and also reduced the changes in hardness of the cake during 8 days of storage. The sensory analysis showed that cake containing 2% S. crispa had several desirable kinds of sensory attributes, such as color, flavor, taste, and texture compared to the control; whereas an addition of more than 2% S. crispa deteriorated the sensory quality of the cake. These results suggest that the most suitable amount of added S. crispa powder for preparing yellow layer cake was 2% in Baker's percentage.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2016

Antioxidative components and activities of the extracts from Pleurotus ostreatus extracted at different ethanol concentration were analyzed and their correlation were investigated. Ergothioneine, total phenolic compounds, and flavonoid contents of the extracts from P. ostreatus extracted with hot water (0% ethanol) were the highest ($2.98{\pm}0.05$, $9.51{\pm}0.45$, and $2.83{\pm}0.03mg/g$, respectively) and the contents were decreased according to increase of ethanol concentration for extraction. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities of the extracts from P. ostreatus extracted with hot water were the highest ($80.41{\pm}0.56$ and $91.47{\pm}0.11%$, respectively). FRAP value also showed the highest reducing power by $8.86{\pm}0.33\;FeSO_4\;eq$. mM in hot water extracts. Positive correlations were found between ergothioneine contents and antioxidative active components and antioxidant activity of the extracts from P. ostreatus. Results indicate that hot water extraction was most efficient for the extracts with high antioxidative activities from P. ostreatus.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.326-335
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• 2010

The concentration of phenolics in Phellinus pini (CY001) extracts, expressed as mg of GAEs per g of P. pini fractions, and the EtOAc fraction (436.5 mg GAEs/g) of P. pini had a higher phenolic content than other fractions. Several biochemical assays were used to screen antioxidant properties such as reducing power, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity, NBT/XO superoxide system and inhibition of DCF/AAPH peroxyl radicals. Among the six mushroom extracts, the EtOAc fraction from P. pini (CY001) showed the most potent DPPH radical, superoxide radical, and peroxyl radical scavenging activities, with $IC_{50}$ values of $11.49\;{\mu}g/ml$, $8.32\;{\mu}g/ml$, and $1.91\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The EtOAc fraction of P. pini (CY001) significantly inhibited enzymatic lipid peroxidation and effectively attenuated LPS-induced NO production of RAW 264.7 cells without cytotoxicity. We also found that the EtOAc fraction had a significant hepato-protectant effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that P. pini (CY001) may have potential as a natural antioxidant, which contains compound(s) with radical scavenging activity.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.8
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• pp.928-935
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• 2016

Hypsizygus marmoreus (white cultivar), also called white beech mushrooms, are edible mushrooms commercially cultivated in Korea and Japan. This study was carried out to evaluate the antioxidant properties of H. marmoreus. H. marmoreus fruit bodies were divided into pileus and stipe. The pileus and stipe were extracted into water and 80% ethanol and their antioxidant activities were analyzed. The total polyphenol content was highest in the water extract (pileus 1137.39±0.38 mg of GAE (gallic acid equivalents)/100 g, stipe 700.86±0.06 mg of GAE/100 g) compared to the ethanol extract (pileus 923.47±0.18 mg of GAE/ 100 g, stipe 324.05±0.03 mg of GAE/100 g). Ethanol extracts from pileus showed better scavenging ability on DPPH (47.32±0.23% at 10 mg/ml) and ABTS (57.33±0.10% at 10 mg/ml) than the stipe and water extract groups. Water extract from pileus were more effective in reducing power and ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value than stipe and ethanol extract. The toxicity of water and ethanol extracts was investigated using WST-1 (Water Soluble Tetrazolium salt) assay on the mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7. Overall, total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities of extracts from H. marmoreus increased in a dose dependent manner while pileus was showed better total polyphenol content and antioxidant activities than stipe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.10
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• pp.1484-1491
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• 2015

The new cultivar Lentinula edodes, which is named 'Lentinula edodes GNA01', was bred by mating strains isolated from 'L26' and 'Kyoungwon9015' obtained from Sammyungjin Research Institute, Fujian, China. L. edodes GNA01 does not have stipes like L. edodes, although it generally has a similar spherical shape. Moisture and crude protein contents of L. edodes GNA01 were lower than those of L. edodes. Meanwhile, L. edodes GNA01 contained higher levels of crude ash, crude lipid, crude fiber, and carbohydrates than L. edodes. The ${\beta}$-carotene content ($19.05{\mu}g/100g$) of L. edodes GNA01 was about three times higher than that of L. edodes. In addition, vitamin D content ($118.53{\mu}g/100g$) of L. edodes GNA01 was more than twice that of L. edodes. L. edodes GNA01 was a good source of mineral elements, with K and Mg contents of 2,277.50 mg/100 g and 203.15 mg/100 g, respectively. The major fatty acids of L. edodes GNA01 were C16:0 and C18:2, and L. edodes GNA01 had the highest linoleic acid (C18:2) content of 1,087.66 mg/100 g. Total phenol content of L. edodes GNA01 was 12.52 mg GAE/g, and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activities and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) values of L. edodes GNA01 were lower than those of L. edodes at all concentrations. However, DPPH radical scavenging activities and FRAP values of L. edodes GNA01 were above 80% and 0.9 at a concentration of 10 mg/mL, respectively.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.36-41
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• 2008

Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of food-specific IgE antibody tests in detecting triggering antigens in food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIPC). Methods: Between February 2006 and May 2007, data from 16 consecutive FPIPC patients that underwent MAST and Uni-CAP tests on initial visits, were reviewed. The endoscopic criterion used for establishing a diagnosis of FPIPC was an increase in the number of eosinophils in the lamina propria (${\geq}60$ per 10 high power fields). Offending foods were suspected clinically based on elimination and challenge testing to mother or patient diets with the following five highly allergenic foods: dairy products, eggs, nuts and soybean, fish and shellfish, and wheat and buckwheat. We compared the results of initial MAST or Uni-CAP tests with clinically suspected offending foods. Results: For the 16 FPIPC patients, MAST tests showed positive results in 2 patients (12.5%), and Uni-CAP tests showed positive results in 3 patients (18.8%). Through clinical elimination and challenge, the 33 offending foods were identified: 7 fish and shellfish (21.2%), 6 eggs (18.2%), 6 wheat and buckwheat (18.2%), 4 dairy products (12.1%), 3 soybean (9.1%), 3 pork (9.1%), 2 nuts (6.1%), 1 beef (3.0%), and 1 mushroom (3.0%). Clinically suspected offending foods and MAST and Uni-CAP test results were found to be correlated in 1 patient (6.7%) each. Conclusion: Food specific IgE antibody tests are inappropriate for predicting offending foods in FPIPC. Clinical food elimination and challenge testing provide useful means of detecting offending foods.