• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.10-14
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• 2021

This paper presents a hardware that improves the complexity of the CIE1931 color coordinate algorithm operation. The conventional algorithm has disadvantage of growing hardware due to 4-Split Multiply operations used to calculate large bits in the computation process. But the proposed algorithm pre-calculates the defined R2X, X2R Matrix operations of the conventional algorithm and makes them a matrix. By applying the matrix to the images and improving the color, it is possible to reduce the amount of computation and hardware size. By comparing the results of Xilinx synthesis of hardware designed with Verilog, we can check the performance for real-time processing in 4K environments with reduced hardware resources. Furthermore, this paper validates the hardware mount behavior by presenting the execution results of the FPGA board.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.375-381
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• 2024

In this paper, we propose a lightweight object classification system using a LiDAR sensor for delivery service robots. The 3D point cloud data is encoded into a 2D pseudo image using a Pillar Feature Network (PFN), and then passed through a lightweight classification network designed based on Depthwise Separable Convolutional Neural Networks (DS-CNN). The implementation results show that the designed classification network has 9.08K parameters and 3.49M Multiply-Accumulate (MAC) operations, while supporting a classification accuracy of 94.94%.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-32
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• 1980

Besides the benefits of antimicrobial agents in the control of various infectious diseases, widespread and prolonged use of particular antimicrobial agents has brought about the increase of drug-resistant strains in a community and the profound changes in the pattern of infectious diseases. In Korea, there are some remote villages where no clinics and drug stores are available and the residents in those areas are assumed to have fewer chances to contact with antimicrobial agents. In the present study, the differences in susceptibilities to 14 antimicrobial agents between the isolates from rural areas(R) and Seoul National University Hospital(SNUH, H) were studied. The isolates and their numbers were Staphylococcus aureus, R;55, H;68), Enterococci(R;28, H;30), Escherichia coli(R;40, H;40), Enterobacter aerogenes(R;25, H;21) and Klebsiella pneunoniae(R;58, H;67). Minimal inhibitory concentrations(MIC's) of penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, cephalexin, tetracycline, oxytetracyline, doxycycline, minocycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, streptomycin, erythromycin, troleandomycin and co-trimoxazole were determined by agar dilution method. I. Comparison of MIC's and resistant strain proportions between isolates from SNUH and rural areas. MIC's and/or resistant strain proportions of the isolates from SNUH were significantly higher than those of the isolates from rural areas in the cases of 1. S. aureus to doxycycline, streptomycin and kanamycin. 2. E. coli to penicillin, ampicillin, carbenicillin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, erythromycin and co-trimoxazole. 3. E. aerogences to carbenicillin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, genaamicin and co-trimoxazole. 4. K pneunoniae to penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline, monocycline, streptomycin, kanamycine, gentamicin and co-trimoxazole. However, the mean MIC and resistant strain proportion of S. aureus to tetracycline were higher in isolates from rural areas than in those from SNUH and Enterococci showed no differences in susceptibilities to the antimicrobial agents between isolates from rural areas and from SNUH. Therefore, in general, differenes in susceptibility to these antimicrobial agents between the isolates from rural areas and SNUH were remarkably greater and broader in gram negative enteric bacteria. II. Multiple drug resistance pattern. Patterns and incidences of multiple drug resistance were studied with penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, cephalexin, gentamicin, streptomcin, kanamycin and co-trimoxazole in Enterococci, E. coli, E. aeroges and K. pneumoniae. There appeared significant differences in the incidence of multiply drug-resistant strains and multiple drug resistance patterns between the isolates from SNUH and rural areas in Enterococci, E. coli, E. aerogenes and K. pneumoniae. However, there was no difference in the incidence of multiply drug-resistant strains between isolates of S. aureus from SNUH and rural areas but the pattern of multiple resistance of the SNUH strains of S. aureus was diverse, while that of the rural strains was predominantly confined to penicillin-tetracycline combination. The incidence of multigly drug-resistant strains and diversity of their patterns were the highest in E. coli strains isolated from SNUH and there were no multiply drug resistant strrains in Enterococci and K. pneumoniae strains isolated from rural areas. The number of drug-resistance determinants was also different between the isolates from rural areas and SNUH. Most of the multiply drug-resistant strains of E. coli, E. aerogenes and K. pneumoniae isolated from SNUH were resistant to more than 3 kinds of antimicrobial agents, most frequently to ampicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin, while multiply drug-resistant strains from rural areas were resistant to 2 kinds of antimicrobial agents among ampicillin, tetracycline and streptomycin. With drug-resistant E. coli strains, resistance to tetracycline which was used most widely since 1951 was most frequently involved as a part of mutliple drug-resistance, followed by resistance to ampicillin and streptomycin. This strongly suggests that emergence of drug-restant strains in a community is directly dependent on the selective pressure exerted by the antimicrobial agent used. III. Cross resistance. Cross resistance of bacteria was studied among tetracycline penicillin, aminoglycoside and macrolide derivatives by analyzing correlation coefficients of sucseptibilities using the least square method. In this study, there were high correlations among the susceptibilities to related derivatives. It appears that the relatively low correlations in susceptibilities present in some cases are due to intrinsic resistance of E. aerogenes to penicillin, Enterococci to aminoglycoside and E. coli E. aerogenes and K. pneumoniae to macrolide derivatives.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1986

Fifty-one strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated from various clinical specimens. Among them, 26 (51%) strains were gentamicin-resistant (Gm') and 25 (49%) were susceptible to gentamicin (Gm'). The frequencies of resistant strains to piperacillin (Pi), cefotaxime, moxalactam, cefoperazone (Cz), and amikacin (Ak) ranged from 21.6 to 31.4%, and $MIC_{50}$ of these drugs were lower than the critical concentrations of susceptibility and resistance. Thirty (58.8%) strains were multiply resistant to 12 or more drugs. All Gm' strains were multiply resistant to 12 or more drugs and one was resistant to all 18 drugs tested, while only four Gm' strains were multiply resistant to 12 drugs and the multiplicity of resistance of the other Gm' strains were less than 10 drugs. Resistance to Gm appeared to have a significant correlation with the resistance to tobramycin (Tb), Ak, Pi, and Cz. All Gm' strains were resistant to Tb and about 38.4 to 46.1% of them were resistant to Ak, Pi, and Cz. The incorporation of $Ca^{++}$ and $Mg^{++}$ ions in Mueller-Hinton agar (MHA) did not influence the MICs of Gm, Tb, carbenicillin (Cb), Pi, and Cz as compared with the results obtained in MHA without these ions. Gm strains were studied on the combined effect of beta-lactam antibiotics and aminoglycosides by the methods of checkerboard and modified paper strip diffusion. Most Gm' strains showed significant synergistic effects by the FIC index between Ak and three beta-lactam antibiotics; Cb, Pi, and Cz, but these results did not in agreement the results obtained through the method of modified paper strip diffusion test. In order to know the nature of the drug resistance of P. aernginosa, the plasmid profile analysis was studied. Agarose gel electrophoresis of lysates processed by the method of Kado and Liu showed one or more plasmids in 22 (43.1%) strains. A group of 19 strains showed at least one band of plasmid and three strains two bands. The range of the molecular weight of plasmids was 3.8 to 243 Mdal. All strains carrying large plasmids larger than 200 Mdal were isolated from wound specimens. Three Gm' strains also harboured the plasm ids of 13 to 203 Mdal.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1133-1147
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• 2019

In this paper, let M = B×_f² F be an Einstein Lorentzian warped product manifold with 2-dimensional base. We study the geodesic completeness of some metric with constant curvature. First of all, we discuss the existence of nonconstant warping functions on M. As the results, we have some metric g admits nonconstant warping functions f. Finally, we consider the geodesic completeness on M.

• 한국데이터정보과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.13-18
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• 2003

When the available sample is multiply type-II censored, the maximum likelihood estimators of the location and scale parameters of two- parameter exponential distribution do not exist explicitly. In this case, we propose several approximate maximum likelihood estimators by approximating the likelihood equations appropriately. We present an example to illustrate these estimation methods.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 1983

Meat itself contains all the essential nutrients for the organisms, because it is high in moisture, rich in nitrogenous, Plentifully supplied with minerals and accessory growth factors, usually has come fermantable carbohydrates and is at a faverable PH for most microorganisms. So, microorganisn can grow and multiply rapidly well in it and caused spoilage of meat and their Product. Therefore, storage and handling of meat must be Strictly controlled on contamination and growth of organism by a low temperature, among the low temperature control, chilling control of meat is one of the best method as good retention for meat quality.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.11-22
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• 1990

Remarkable progress has recently been made in embryo transfer technology, resulting in the birth of IVF and nuclear transfer offsprings in swine. However, further progress of the technology to (I) make a safe, effective and economic estrual-cycle synchronization compound, (2) regulate each step of sperm capacitation (3) induce monospermic fertilization, (4) in vitro grow and mature oocytes, (5) fertilize the oocytes efficently, (6) culture the oocytes to the blastocyst stage in defined media, (7) produce multiply copies of embryos with superior genetic merit, (8) preselect the sex of these superior offsprings, and (9) preserve embryos by freezing and storage in liquid nitrogen is required before this promising technology is applied routinely to swine for practical use.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1988.11a
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• pp.403-405
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• 1988

Recently, Power change devices using thyristor and transistor have grown with the rapid development of power electronics. But the devices using these semiconductors generate harmonics from the non-linear load, which gives rise to various obstacles. In this paper, therefore, as 3 taps are connected in input line, we can multiply the pulse in input line, by which harmonics is reduced.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.384-387
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• 2008

We have studied the adsorption of contaminations on the MgO protective layer by Thermal Desorption Spectrometry (TDS). The result shows that the increase in exposure time, MgO thickness and humidity multiply the quantity of adsorbed contaminations. It is also found that the desorption activation energy and contamination quantity is decreased by the additional firing process of MgO layer under oxygen environment.