• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

Lattice-reduction (LR) techniques have been developed for signal detection in spatial multiplexing multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems to obtain the largest diversity gain. Thus, an LR-assisted zero-forcing (ZF) receiver can achieve the maximum diversity gain in spatial multiplexing MIMO systems. In this paper, a simplified analysis of the achievable diversity gain is presented by fitting the channel coefficients lattice-reduced by a complex Lenstra-Lenstra-$Lov{\acute{a}}z$ (LLL) algorithm into approximated Gaussian random variables. It will be shown that the maximum diversity gain corresponding to two times the number of receive antennas can be achieved by the LR-based ZF detector. In addition, the approximated bit error rate (BER) expression is also derived. Finally, the analytical BER performance is comparatively studied with the simulated results.

• Journal of Advanced Information Technology and Convergence
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.13-25
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• 2018

The paper analyzes the sum spectral efficiency (SE) for a heterogeneous cellular network (HetNet) which has the backhaul, provided with wireless full-duplex massive multiple-input multiple-out (MIMO) with hardware distortions. We derive approximate expressions to obtain the uplink/downlink sum SE of the backhaul. The analytic results have been shown to be exact when compared to Monte Carlo simulations. From the analysis, it is shown that the desired signal and the hardware distortion noise have the same order. The sum SE generally improves when the number of receive antennas increases but degrades when the hardware quality reduces. A sum SE performance ceiling is introduced by the hardware quality level.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.157-170
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• 2005

The combination of multiple antennas and multi-carrier code division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) is a strong candidate for the downlink of the next generation mobile communications. The study of such systems in scenarios that model real-life trans-missions is an additional step towards an optimized achievement. We consider a realistic MIMO channel with two or four transmit antennas and up to two receive antennas, and channel state information (CSI) mismatches. Depending on the mobile terminal (MT) class, its number of antennas or complexity allowed, different data-rates are proposed with turbo-coding and asymptotic spectral efficiencies from 1 to 4.5 bit/s/Hz, using three algorithms developed within the European IST-MATRICE project. These algorithms can be classified according to the degree of CSI at base-station (BS): i) Transmit space-frequency prefiltering based on constrained zero-forcing algorithm with complete CSI at BS; ii) transmit beamforming based on spatial correlation matrix estimation from partial CSI at BS; iii) orthogonal space-time block coding based on Alamouti scheme without CSI at BS. All presented schemes require a reasonable complexity at MT, and are compatible with a single-antenna receiver. A choice between these algorithms is proposed in order to significantly improve the performance of MC-CDMA and to cover the different environments considered for the next generation cellular systems. For beyond-3G, we propose prefiltering for indoor and pedestrian microcell environments, beamforming for suburban macrocells including high-speed train, and space-time coding for urban conditions with moderate to high speeds.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.9
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• pp.3016-3033
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• 2014

The downlink performance of distributed antenna systems (DAS) with antennas selection is investigated in Rayleigh fading multicell environment, and the corresponding system capacity and bit error rate (BER) analysis are presented. Based on the moment generating function, the probability density function (PDF) and cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the effective signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of the system are first derived, respectively. Then, with the available CDF and PDF, the accurate closed-form expressions of average channel capacity and average BER are further derived for exact performance evaluation. To simplify the expression, a simple closed-form approximate expression of average channel capacity is obtained by means of Taylor series expansion, with the performance results close to the accurate expression. Besides, the system outage capacity is analyzed, and an accurate closed-form expression of outage capacity probability is derived. These theoretical expressions can provide good performance evaluation for DAS downlink. It can be shown by simulation that the theoretical analysis and simulation are consistent, and DAS with antenna selection outperforms that with conventional blanket transmission. Moreover, the system performance can be effectively improved as the number of receive antennas increases.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6478-6483
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• 2013

This paper presents the idea of interpolating between multiple sounding bursts to estimate the individual channels of a MIMO scenario. The performance of the proposed technique depends on the $f_dT$ product and the number of transmit and receive antennas. In particular, this technique can be effective if the $f_dT$ product is not too high and the number of antennas is not too large. Furthermore, there is a considerable difference in the performance of the 16 channels in the $4{\times}4$ MIMO case because the sounding bursts spread farther apart with time, meaning that the Doppler in the channel causes a greater error for the channels.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.974-979
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• 2009

The BER performance of a MIMO detection scheme on frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels is analytically discussed. The presented MIMO detection scheme consists of temporal and spatial combiners followed by a ZF detector. It is shown that for a MIMO system with $N_T$ transmit antennas, $N_R$ receive antennas, and L resolvable multipath components, it achieves the diversity order of $LN_R-N_T+1$. In frequency selective Rayleigh fading channels, an analytical error rate expression of the systems is also provided and the analytical error performance is compared with the simulated results.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.255-266
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• 2015

In this paper, a low-complexity and low-power soft output multiple input multiple output (MIMO) symbol detector is proposed for mobile devices with two transmit and two receive antennas. The proposed symbol detector can support both the spatial multiplexing mode and spatial diversity mode in single hardware and shows the optimal maximum likelihood (ML) performance. By applying a multi-stage pipeline structure and using a complex multiplier based on the polar-coordinate, the complexity of the proposed architecture is dramatically decreased. Also, by applying a clock-gating scheme to the internal modules for MIMO modes, the power consumption is also reduced. The proposed symbol detector was designed using a hardware description language (HDL) and implemented using a 65nm CMOS standard cell library. With the proposed architecture, the proposed MIMO detector takes up an area of approximately $0.31mm^2$ with 183K equivalent gates and achieves a 150Mbps throughput. Also, the power estimation results show that the proposed MIMO detector can reduce the power consumption by a maximum of 85% for the various test cases.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-82
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• 2003

For measurements and analysis of dielectric characteristics of planar slabs of microwave absorbing materials, I have applied a free-space method in the frequency range of 8~14 GHz. The measurement system for free-space method consists of transmit and receive antennas, mode transitions, precision coaxal cables, the network analyzer, and a computer Special Spot-focused horn lens antenna was used to eliminate diffraction effects. Diffraction effects at the edges of the sample are minimized by satisfying the condition for minimum transverse dimension of the plate and the beamwidth of the antennas at the focus. The time-domain gating feature of the network analyzer and the thru, reflect, and line(TRL) calibration technique were used to eliminate the effects of undesirable multiple reflections. The complex coefficients of reflection and transmission, $S_{11}$ and $S_{21}$, of planar samples were measured for standard materials such as Teflon, Rexolite$\textregistered$ 2200. The results were compared with existing measurement method. And I applied a free-space method for measurement to measure dielectric constants of some electromagnetic absorbing materials. Dielectric properties for the same samples were also measured with a 7mm coxial transmission line method for purposes of comparison with the free-space method.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2009.10a
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• pp.481-484
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• 2009

In this paper, we suggest a precoding algorithm for full-duplex relay with multiple antennas. Because full-duplex relay performs transmission and reception at the same time in the same frequency band another existing half-duplex relay differently, self interference arise between transmit and receive antennas of relay. The proposed precoding algorithm eliminates self interference by block diagonalization algorithm and makes the relay perform full-duplex operation. Also we verify that full-duplex relay have improved channel capacity than existing half-duplex relay by computer simulation.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.62-69
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose two novel user selection algorithms for multiuser multiple-input and multiple-output downlink wireless systems, in which both a base station (BS) and mobile stations (MSs) are equipped with multiple antennas. Linear transmit beamforming at the BS and receive combining at the MSs are used to avoid interference between users and find a better sum-rate capacity performance. An optimal technique for selecting users would entail an exhaustive search, which in practice becomes computationally complex for a realistic number of users. Suboptimal algorithms with low complexity are proposed for a coordinated beamforming scheme. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed algorithms is better than that provided by previous algorithms and is very close to an optimal approach with reduced complexity.