• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.143-150
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the methodology to develop variable-scale network model, which is able to induce large-scale road network in detailed level corresponding to small-scale linear objects with various abstraction in higher level. For this purpose, the definition of terms, the benefits and the specific procedures related with a variable-scale model were examined. Second, representation level and the components of layer to design the variable-scale map were presented. In addition, rule-based data generating method and indexing structure for higher LoD were defined. Finally, the implementation and verification of the model were performed to road network in study area (Jeju -do) so that the proposed algorithm can be practical. That is, generated variable scale road network were saved and managed in spatial database (Oracle Spatial) and performance analysis were carried out for the effectiveness and feasibility of the model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.30 no.1 s.244
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• pp.66-75
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• 2006

Nonlinear response structural optimization using equivalent static loads (NROESL) has been proposed. Nonlinear response optimization is solved by sequential linear response optimization with equivalent static loads which are generated from the nonlinear responses and linear stiffness matrix. The linear stiffness matrix should be obtained in NROESL, and this process can be fairly difficult for some applications. Proportional transformation of loads (PTL) is proposed to overcome the difficulties. Equivalent static loads are obtained by PTL. It is the same as NROESL except for the process of calculating equivalent static loads. PTL is developed for large-scale probems. First, linear and nonlinear responses are evaluated from linear and nonlinear analyses, respectively. At a DOF of the finite element method, the ratio of the two responses is calculated and an equivalent static load is made by multiplying the ratio and the loads for linear analysis. Therefore, the mumber of the equivalent static loads is as many as that of DOF's and an equivalent static load is used with the reponse for the corresponding DOF in the optimization process. All the equivalent static loads are used as multiple loading conditions during linear response optimization. The process iterates until it converges. Examples are solved by using the proposed method and the results are compared with conventional methods.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.427-433
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• 2004

Most information providers are offering integrated retrieval service based on the bibliographic metadata and schema corresponding to each type of document which are developed in a distributed and independent way. However, it is difficult to maintain the relational consistency of those single heterogeneous databases even though they obey the metadata standard like MARC or MODS. It is the main reason that those standards are restricted to present the general property of document regardless of its type and not to applied to define the relationship of document types. Therefore, It is necessary to define a comprehensive meta model to associate the related databases in a systematic way so that the semantically common part of them can be easily shared and reused without any additional effort like conversion or mapping. In this paper, we first outline the document types for designing meta model by the empirical analysis of various data schema of main information providers. We propose then data element definition, metadata model and modularized XML DTD which support the efficient and consistent management of multiple ducument types.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.198-208
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• 2015

Objective: To quantify, for each activation, the effect of preactivations of differing distribution and intensity on the neutral position of T-loops (7-mm height), specifically the horizontal force, moment to force (M/F) ratio, and load to deflection ratio. Methods: A total 100 loops measuring $0.017{\times}0.025$ inches in cross-section were divided into two groups (n = 50 each) according to composition, either stainless steel or beta-titanium. The two groups were further divided into five subgroups, 10 loops each, corresponding to the five preactivations tested: preactivations with occlusal distribution ($0^{\circ}$, $20^{\circ}$, and $40^{\circ}$), gingival distribution ($20^{\circ}$), and occlusal-gingival distribution ($40^{\circ}$). The loops were subjected to a total activation of 6-mm with 0.5-mm iterations. Statistical analysis was performed using comprised ANOVA and Bonferoni multiple comparison tests, with a significance level of 5%. Results: The location and intensity of preactivation influenced the force intensity. For the M/F ratio, the highest value achieved without preactivation was lower than the height of the loop. Without preactivation, the M/F ratio increased with activation, while the opposite effect was observed with preactivation. The increase in the M/F ratio was greater when the preactivation distribution was partially or fully gingival. Conclusions: Depending on the preactivation distribution, displacement of uprights is higher or lower than the activation, which is a factor to consider in clinical practice.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.16-22
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• 2013

A general characterization procedure based on the extraction of a 2n-port admittance matrix corresponding to n uniform coupled lines on the multi-layered substrate using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain (FDTD) technique is presented. In this paper, the frequency-dependent normal mode parameters are obtained from the 2n-port admittance matrix to analyze multi-layered asymmetric coupled line structure, which in turn provides the frequency-dependent propagation constant, effective dielectric constant, and line-mode characteristic impedances. To illustrate the technique, several practical coupled line structures on multi-layered substrate have been simulated. Especially, embedded conductor structures have been simulated. Comparisons with Spectral Domain Method are given, and their results agree well. It is shown that the FDTD based time domain characterization procedure is an excellent broadband simulation tool for the design of multiconductor coupled lines on multilayered PCBs as well as thick or thin hybrid structures.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.369-385
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• 2002

Ductility capacity is comprehensively studied for steel moment-resisting frames. Local, story and global ductility are being considered. An appropriate measure of global ductility is suggested. A time domain nonlinear seismic response algorithm is used to evaluate several definitions of ductility. It is observed that for one-story structures, resembling a single degree of freedom (SDOF) system, all definitions of global ductility seem to give reasonable values. However, for complex structures it may give unreasonable values. It indicates that using SDOF systems to estimate the ductility capacity may be a very crude approximation. For multi degree of freedom (MDOF) systems some definitions may not be appropriate, even though they are used in the profession. Results also indicate that the structural global ductility of 4, commonly used for moment-resisting steel frames, cannot be justified based on this study. The ductility of MDOF structural systems and the corresponding equivalent SDOF systems is studied. The global ductility values are very different for the two representations. The ductility reduction factor $F_{\mu}$ is also estimated. For a given frame, the values of the $F_{\mu}$ parameter significantly vary from one earthquake to another, even though the maximum deformation in terms of the interstory displacement is roughly the same for all earthquakes. This is because the $F_{\mu}$ values depend on the amount of dissipated energy, which in turn depends on the plastic mechanism, formed in the frames as well as on the loading, unloading and reloading process at plastic hinges. Based on the results of this study, the Newmark and Hall procedure to relate the ductility reduction factor and the ductility parameter cannot be justified. The reason for this is that SDOF systems were used to model real frames in these studies. Higher mode effects were neglected and energy dissipation was not explicitly considered. In addition, it is not possible to observe the formation of a collapse mechanism in the equivalent SDOF systems. Therefore, the ductility parameter and the force reduction factor should be estimated by using the MDOF representation.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.387-402
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• 2003

In the past decades, much effort has been made towards the study of single-mode-based vibration controls with dynamic energy absorbers such as single or multiple Tuned Mass Dampers(TMDs). With the increase of bridge span length and the tendency of the bridge cross-section being more slender and streamlined, multi-mode coupled vibrations as well as their controls have become very important for large bridges susceptible to strong winds. As a simple but effective device, the TMD system especially the semi-active one has become a promising option for such coupled vibration controls. However, despite various studies of optimal controls of single-mode-based vibrations with TMDs, research on the corresponding controls of the multi-mode coupled vibrations is very rare so far. For the development of a semi-active control strategy to suppress the multi-mode coupled vibrations, a comprehensive parametric analysis on the optimal variables of this control is substantial. In the present study, a multi-mode control strategy named "three-row" TMD system is discussed and the general numerical equations are developed at first. Then a parametric study on the optimal control variables for the "three-row" TMD system is conducted for a prototype Humen Suspension Bridge, through which some useful information and a better understanding of the optimal control variables to suppress the coupled vibrations are obtained. This information lays a foundation for the design of semi-active control.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.12
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• pp.35-41
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• 2011

In this paper, an analysis for a new substrate shielding symmetric coupled MIS structure consisting of grounded crossbar at the interface between Si and SiO2 layer using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain(FDTD) method is presented. In order to reduce the substrate effects on the transmission line characteristics, a shielding structure consisting of grounded crossbar lines over time-domain signal has been examined. Parameters of symmetric coupled MIS transmission line with various gaps between crossbars for even- and odd-mode are investigated as the functions of frequency, and the extracted distributed frequency-dependent transmission line parameters and corresponding equivalent circuit parameters as well as quality factor for the new MIS crossbar embedded structure are also presented. It is shown that the quality factor of the symmetric coupled transmission line can be improved without significant change in the characteristic impedance and effective dielectric constant.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.67-81
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• 2006

This research has been attempt to examine closely factors that high cost and value to overall satisfaction state for dental implant prosthesis, re-utilization intention, inducement intention of the general hospital dental service user and provide basis data necessary to establish competitive general hospital dentistry management strategy. Collected data using own recording way questionnaire from April 17, 2004 to May 15, 2004 choosing 142 people that agree on this research and question of 361 people that dental implant prosthetic treatment finished from March 1, 1999 to March 1, 2004 for this. Major analyzation consequences are as follows : First, general satisfaction, re-utilization intention, inducement intention for implant prosthesis that highly correlation variables are kindness, explanation, medical treatment level and appreciation of the aesthetic. Second, correlation is high relatively between re-utilization intention, inducement intention in the 3 variables such as general satisfaction re-utilization intention, inducement intention. Third, the result of multiple regression analysis showed that most significant effective factors are satisfaction with explanation of dental implant prosthesis between the 3 dependant variables such as general satisfaction, re-utilization intention, inducement intention. In looking into these consequence, how to improve that raise satisfaction about dental implant prosthetic treatment and to establish patient focused care service system for dental implant prosthesis, it is consider that explain enough about implant prosthesis and raise quality of medical examination and treatment level, including satisfied with fabrication of good esthetic dental implant prosthesis.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.665-675
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• 2001

In this paper, the reverse link performance of a imperfect power controlled DS/CDMA cellular system that uses a base station array antenna which can effectively remove the multiple access interference is analyzed considering both beam forming algorithm and power control error in shadowing. The blocking probability of the DS/CDMA cellular system based on array parameters, $E_b/N_o$ and statistics of interference is derived, and then the system capacity corresponding to a certain blocking probability is calculated. On the assumption that the blocking probability is set 1%, the system capacity using MCGM algorithm with 12 antenna arrays is more increased maximum 32 times than that using a omni-directional antenna and about 2 times than that using MMSE algorithm, respectively.