• Title/Summary/Keyword: multiple chains

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Multiple Objective Manpower planing Model Considered with Advance Rate for Officer's Native (장교 출신별 진출율을 고려한 다목표 인력계획모형)

  • 민계료
    • Journal of the military operations research society of Korea
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    • v.24 no.1
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    • pp.157-175
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    • 1998
  • This paper develops multiple objective manpower planning model in order to design and adjust manpower structure and flow when advance rate for officer's native is considered. The state transition in manpower structure is analyzed using Markov chains. Multiple objectives in the model are security of advance rate, satisfaction of rank's number of personnel, and stability of the number of recruit personnel for officer's native. Trade - off of these objectives is made to evaluate manpower structure and flow. Solutions of this model are obtained by LINGO package.

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Exploring Characteristics on Trip Chaining: the Case of Seoul (통행사슬 특성 분석에 관한 연구 (서울시 사례를 중심으로))

  • Choo, Sang-Ho;Kwon, Sae-Na;Kim, Dong-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.26 no.4
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    • pp.87-97
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    • 2008
  • The traditional trip-based modeling approach has assumed that a trip is generated for a purpose. However, the approach has not considered trips as a set of connected trips nor has it considered trip chaining. The purpose of this study is to identify general characteristics of trip chaining, and to explore relationships between trip purposes and trip chains using multivariate regression models. The data for this study come from the 2006 Seoul household travel diary survey. It is found that simple trip chains are dominant phenomena, and socio-economic characteristics such as occupation, income, age, and gender are closely related to types of trip chains. People aged less than 20, females, or high-income people are more likely to have a higher number of home-based trip chains. In addition, commute and school trips for workers and students respectively tend to be strongly associated with simple trip chains, while shopping and leisure trips for housewives tend to be related to simple trip chains.

Design and Performance Evaluation of M×M MIMO Transmission in ESPAR Antenna (ESPAR 안테나에서 M×M MIMO 송신방식의 설계와 성능 평가)

  • Bok, Junyeong;Lee, Seung Hwan;Ryu, Heung-Gyoon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.38A no.12
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    • pp.1061-1068
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, we propose a $M{\times}M$ beam-space multiple input multiple output (BS-MIMO) system using electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna. Conventional MIMO method required multiple RF chains because it map the transmission signals onto multiple antennas. So, conventional MIMO system has high cost for design and high energy consumption at RF circuit. Also, It is difficult to use MIMO system in battery based mobile terminals with limited physical area. In order to solve these problems, BS-MIMO technique which map the data signal onto bases in beam space domain was proposed using ESPAR antenna with single RF chain. This paper, we design and analyze the performance of extended $M{\times}M$ BS-MIMO technique. Simulation results show that the proposed BS-MIMO system has similar BER performance compare to conventional MIMO scheme. Therefore, BS-MIMO system with single RF chain will has a low RF power consumption and low cost for RF hardware design as compared with conventional MIMO technique with multiple RF chains.

Sampling Time Offset and Compensation in TDM-Based Single RF Chain MIMO Receiver (TDM 수신 방식의 단일 RF 체인 MIMO 시스템에서 STO 특성 분석 및 보상)

  • An, Changyoung;Ryu, Heung-Gyoon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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    • v.24 no.10
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    • pp.994-1000
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    • 2013
  • Conventional MIMO system is required to a number of RF chains as much as a number of antennas. If the number of antennas increased then the number of RF chains increased. Therefore, it is difficult to apply conventional MIMO system to mobile terminals with limited power. In this paper, we propose a TDM(time division multiplexing)-based single RF chain MIMO system. The outcome shows that performance of the proposed system is similar to conventional MIMO system using multiple RF chains when STO is corrected by phase angle estimation and the synchronizing signal of received signal. Therefore, it is possible to implement the MIMO-OFDM system of low power and complexity through a single RF chain.

Design and Performance Evaluation of Load-Modulation MIMO System Using High-Order Modulation (고차 변조를 사용하는 Load-Modulation MIMO 시스템 설계와 성능 평가)

  • Lee, Dong-Hyung;An, Changyoung;Ryu, Heung-Gyoon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.40 no.11
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    • pp.2121-2130
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    • 2015
  • In this paper, we analyze LM-MIMO (load-modulation multiple-input multiple-output) system with single RF chain. And then, we confirm that load modulation technique can support generation of high-order m-PSK modulation and m-QAM modulation in LM-MIMO system. Finally we evaluate performance of LM-MIMO system with load modulation. Conventional MIMO system requires a number of RF chains for expansion of MIMO dimension. A number of RF chains can cause various problems. On the other hand, although LM-MIMO system is expanded, LM-MIMO system requires single RF chain only. Therefore, LM-MIMO system has low-complexity and low power consumption. As results, we can confirm that load modulation of T-model can modulate high-order m-PSK and m-QAM singal. Also, we can confirm that $4{\times}4$ LM-MIMO system using load modulation has a similar performance to conventional $4{\times}4$ MIMO system.

7×7 MIMO System Using Extended 13-Element ESPAR Antenna (확장 13-Element EPSAR 안테나를 사용한 7×7 MIMO 시스템)

  • Bok, Junyeong;Lee, Seung Hwan;Ryu, Heung-Gyoon
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.39A no.2
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    • pp.69-76
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    • 2014
  • Multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) technique is used in many communication fields in order to increase the channel capacity. However, this MIMO system has difficulty of miniaturization of antenna size due to the multiple RF chains Also, multiple RF chain raises some problems which increase power consumption at RF circuit and degrade the system performance due to the interference between RF chains. Because of these reasons, beamspace MIMO (BS-MIMO) technique with only single RF chain was proposed for MIMO transmission. This BS-MIMO system basically uses electronically steerable parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antenna. Existing ESPAR antenna has a 5-element structure. So, it is possible to do only $3{\times}3$ MIMO transmission. Therefore, in order to extend BS-MIMO dimension, extension of ESPAR antenna structure is essential. In this paper, we show that BS-MIMO dimension can be increased according to the extension of structure of the ESPAR antenna, as in the conventional MIMO techniques. For example, we show that it is possible to design the $7{\times}7$ BS-MIMO transmissions with the 13-element ESPAR antenna. Also, when the number of parasitic elements of ESPAR antenna increases by two elements, MIMO dimension is expanded by 1.

Antigen Excess in Free Light Chain Assay U sing the Hitachi 7600 P-module Automatic Chemistry Analyzer (Hitachi 7600 p-모듈을 이용한 유리형경쇄 정량검사의 항원과잉역 반응)

  • Cha, Kyong-Ho;Kim, Sung-Hee;Song, Chang-Un;Sim, Yang-Bo;Chae, Hyo-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.173-179
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    • 2009
  • The analysis of serum free light chains (sFLCs) can improve the diagnosis and monitoring of multiple myeloma and other plasma cell dyscrasias. As with other immunoassays, sFLCstests are subject to potential antigen excess and heterophilic antibody interference. We describe 9 cases of sFLCs antigen excess in patients with multiple myeloma using the FreeliteTM Human Kappa and Lambda Free Kits (The Binding Site ltd., Birmingham, UK) and the Hitachi7600 P module turbidimetric system. A total of 1,247 consecutive samples from 250 patients with multiple myeloma were assayed for sFLCs from April to September, 2009. The samples were assayed using an initial dilution of 1 :5and subsequent dilutions of 1 :50 and 1: 100. The same samples were analyzed for the presence of monoclonal gammopathies using serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunofixation electrophoresis (IFE). There were 9 samples (0.72%) of antigen excess with 3 cases of kappa (0.24%) and 6 cases of lambda (0.48%). These cases represents an example of antigen excess or "hook effect" using the serum free light chain assays and mandates high level of attention to falsely low sFLC levels due to antigen excess, especially when it is disaccordant to other assay results or clinical manifestations.

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Zero forcing based sphere decoder for generalized spatial modulation systems

  • Jafarpoor, Sara;Fouladian, Majid;Neinavaie, Mohammad
    • ETRI Journal
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    • v.41 no.2
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    • pp.145-159
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    • 2019
  • To reduce the number of radio frequency (RF) chains in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, generalized spatial modulation (GSM) techniques have been proposed in the literature. In this paper, we propose a zero-forcing (ZF)-based detector, which performs an initial pruning of the search tree that will be considered as the initial condition in a sphere decoding (SD) algorithm. The proposed method significantly reduces the computational complexity of GSM systems while achieving a near maximum likelihood (ML) performance. We analyze the performance of the proposed method and provide an analytic performance difference between the proposed method and the ML detector. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed method is very close to that of the ML detector, while achieving a significant computational complexity reduction in comparison with the conventional SD method, in terms of the number of visited nodes. We also present some simulations to assess the accuracy of our theoretical results.

A Study on Trip Chain Typed Selection Behavior (통행사슬유형 선택행태에 관한 연구)

  • Bin, Mi-Yeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.7-19
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    • 2011
  • Using 2006 metropolitan household travel survey data, this study analyzes trip behaviors based on a concept of trip chains using both trip purpose and number of trip linkages. For the analysis, trip chains are classified into two groups depending on including commute trips. Each group is further classified into a single linkage (i.e., Origin-Destination trips without any intermediate stop-by) and multiple linkages (Origin-Destination trip with at least one intermediate stop-by). The analysis is conducted using the two-step Nested Logit Model. Computational results identifying the characteristics of single and multiple linkages show that the young, male and office employee drivers tend to have more multiple linkages than single linkages in their trips. In contrast, it is shown that a driver whose monthly income is less than 3,000,000 Korean Won with a longer commute time more likely to make a trip chain with single linkages (p<0.0001).

Analysis of Internal Loading at Multiple Robotic Systems

  • Chung Jae Heon;Yi Byung-Ju;Kim Whee Kuk
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.1554-1567
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    • 2005
  • When multiple robotics systems with several sub-chains grasp a common object, the inherent force redundancy provides a chance of utilizing internal loading. Analysis of grasping space based internal loading is proposed in this work since this method facilitates understanding the physical meaning of internal loadings in some applications, as compared to usual operational space based approach. Investigation of the internal loading for a triple manipulator has been few as ,compared to a dual manipulator. In this paper, types of the internal loading for dual and triple manipulator systems are investigated by using the reduced row echelon method to analyze the null space of those systems. No internal loading condition is derived and several load distribution schemes are compared through simulation. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed scheme based on grasping space is applicable to analysis of special cases such as three-fingered and three-legged robots having a point contact with the grasped object or ground.