• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2015

Our objective was to evaluate differences in linear regression versus multilevel(cross-level interaction model) modeling for affecting factors lumbar discectomy. The data were used in 2011 patients with HIRA sample data. Total number of analysis is 3,641 patients and 248 hospitals. The results of research model showed that the type and location of the hospital-level factors were significant. However, all factors of patient-level were similar in the two models. Therefore, it requires the selection of an appropriate model for a more accurate analysis of the influencing factors in the daily medical charge.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.482-493
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• 2017

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the individual and environmental factors related to emotional/behavioral problems to early adolescence in Korea by applying multilevel modeling. Methods: From the database of the 2014 Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS), the researchers selected 1,977 adolescents who are in the second year of middle school. Multilevel model analysis was performed to estimate the impact of relevant factors at the individual and environmental levels. Results: At the individual level, the significant factors associated with emotional/behavioral problems included BMI and study tendency in boys, and drinking, study tendency and economic levels in girls. At the environmental level, the significant factor associated with emotional/behavioral problems included relationship with the teacher. Conclusion: The emotional/behavioral problems of early adolescence are influenced not only by the individual factors but also by the environment factor. Therefore, the environment surrounding the adolescents should also be considered to prevent emotional/behavioral problems.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.96-105
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• 2015

In recent years, the multilevel converters have been given more attention due to their modularity, reliability, failure management and multi stepped output waveform with less total harmonic distortion. This paper presents a novel symmetric multilevel inverter topology with reduced switching components to generate a high quality stepped sinusoidal voltage waveform. The series and parallel combinations of switches in the proposed topology reduce the total number of conducting switches in each level of output voltages. In addition, a comparison between the proposed topology with another topology from the literature is presented. To verify the proposed topology, the computer based simulation model is developed using MATLAB/Simulink and experimentally with a prototype model results are then compared.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.879-890
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• 2000

다단계 데이터베이스 응용의 설계는 복잡한 과정이며, 적절한 모델을 이용하여 개체나 그의 연관 보안 등급을 모호하지 않게 표현해야 한다. 또한, 다단계 데이터 베이스 응용에 대한 의미를 가능한 한 정확하게 파악하는 것도 중요하다. 미보호 데이터 베이스 응용 설계를 위한 IDEA 방법론은 데이터 집약 시스템에 초점을 두고 있기 때문에, 그 객체 모델에서는 응용에 대한 객체의 경직 구조와 그의 관련성을 서술한다. 다시 말해서 IDEA 방법론의 객체 모델은 객체의 정적 서술을 하기 위한 확정돈 개체-관련성 모델이다. IDEA 방법론이 다단계 보인 데이터베이스 응용을 위해 개발되지 않았지만, 기존의 방법론을 활용함으로써 그 방법론에서 개발된 여러 기법들을 이용할 수 있다. 즉, 이 방식은 다단계 보안 스키마를 처음부터 개발하는 것보다더 용이하다. 본 논문에서는 IDEA 방법론의 객체 모델에 보안 특징을 첨가하고, 이 모델을 다단계 보안 객체지형 스키마로의 변환을 제시한다. 이 다단계 보안 스키마는 Informix-Oniline/Secure, Trustrd ORACLE. Sybase Secure SQL Server와 같은 여러 상용 다단계 보안 데이터 베이스 관리 시스템으로 자동 변환하기 위한 일반적인 스킬을 설계하는 예비 연구가 될 것이다.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2013

Objectives: In this study, a multilevel analysis model has been designed to investigate the effect of personal characteristics associated with smoking cessation on anti-smoking determinants with a goal of finding out the factors which have influence on smoking cessation among the entrants of smoking cessation clinic in a public health center. Methods: A total of 253,136 male smokers who received smoking cessation services for more than six(6) months in a smoking cessation clinic of public health center from July 16, 2007 to July 15, 2008 were examined. For technical analysis, SPSS Version 2.0 has been used. For multilevel analysis on smoking cessation determinants, in addition, HLM 7.0 has been adopted. Results: According to the unconditional model of multilevel analysis, the success rates of smoking cessation among the entrants of a smoking cessation clinic were 47.3%. In an unconditional slope model test to which regional variables were added, a negative effect was observed in average smoking amount, total smoking period, nicotine dependence and services while a positive effect was found in age, stress and type of social security in terms of the log of the odds of smoking cessation. In a conditional model test, a positive effect was observed in Non-Smoking Campaigns (NSC) and Frequency of Counseling (FC) in terms of the log of the odds of smoking cessation in regional variables. Conclusions: It is important to approach smokers individually and, at the same time, build healthy environment for a local community to increase smoking cessation rates among the entrants of smoking cessation clinic in a public health center.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.244-253
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• 2019

Finite control set model-predictive control (FCS-MPC) has received increasing attentions due to its outstanding dynamic performance. It is being widely used in power converters and multilevel inverters. However, FCS-MPC requires a lot of calculations, especially for multilevel-cascaded H-bridge (CHB) static synchronous compensators (STATCOMs), since it has to take account of all the feasible voltage vectors of inverters. Hence, an improved five-segment space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) method based on the non-orthogonal static reference frames is proposed. The proposed SVPWM method has a lower number of switching states and requires fewer computations than the conventional method. As a result, it makes FCS-MPC more efficient for multilevel cascaded H-bridge STATCOMs. The partial cost function is adopted to sequentially solve for the reference current and capacitor voltage. The proposed FCS-MPC method can reduce the calculation burden of the FCS-MPC strategy, and reduce both the switching frequency and power losses. Simulation and experimental results validate the excellent performance of the proposed method when compared with the conventional approach.

• 융합경영연구
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• 제10권5호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2022

Purpose: To overcome the question that depends too much on expert's subjective judgment in traditional risk identification, this paper structure the multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematics model of the risk identification of project, to research the risk identification of the project. Research design, data and methodology: This paper constructs the multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation mathematics model. Through iterative algorithm of AHP analysis, make sure the important degree of the sub project in risk analysis, then combine expert's subjective judgment with objective quantitative analysis, and distinguish the risk through identification models. Meanwhile, the concrete method of multilevel generalized fuzzy comprehensive evaluation is probed. Using the index weights to analyse project risks is discussed in detail. Results: The improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation algorithm is proposed in the paper, at first the method of fuzzy sets core is used to optimize the fuzzy relation matrix. It improves the capability of the algorithm. Then, the method of entropy weight is used to establish weight vectors. This makes the computation process fair and open. And thereby, the uncertainty of the evaluation result brought by the subjectivity can be avoided effectively and the evaluation result becomes more objective and more reasonable. Conclusions: In this paper, we use an improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to evaluate a railroad engineering project risk. It can give a more reliable result for a reference of decision making.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to explore how advertising for multilevel marketing brands affect the salesperson's activity including customer-salesperson interactivity, work attitude, and perceived and actual performance after the campaign. Research Design, data, and methodology - This study collects experimental data, survey data, and actual sales data and applies statistical analyses such as factor analysis, t-tests, and a structural equation model. Results - The results show that advertising campaign can enhance a salesperson's selling activities and provide wide managerial implications to a multilevel marketing firm by filling the gaps for the field of advertising research. Conclusions - Managerial implications include: i) multilevel marketing firms should consider advertising campaigns as a means of changing customer responses because advertising plays a significant role in increasing familiarity with, and knowledge of, attitudes toward the brand, which also helps salespeople interact with customers; ii) multilevel marketing firms should consider brand advertising as a means to support the sales activities of salespeople including sales effectiveness, work attitudes, and perceived performance, and iii) multilevel marketing firms should consider brand advertising as a means to enhance a salesperson's pride and motivation for selling their brand, which will lead to improved sales performances.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 다단계 보안을 지원하는 관계 데이타베이스 관리 시스템을 설계 하기 위하여 표준 관계 모델을 확장하고, 새로운 다단계 무결성 제약조건을 제시 하며, 이를 지원하는 다단계 릴레이션의 운영 의미를 제시한다. 확장된 관계 모델과 새로운 무결성 제약조건은 다단계 데이타베이스를 일관된 상태로 유지시키며, 다중사례를 지원하면서 이의 허용에 따른 엔티티 및 관계 표현의 모호성을 제거할 수 있는 기반을 제공한다. 확장된 다단계 릴레이션에 대한 다단계 갱신 연산은 서로 다른 보안 분류의 요소를 동시 에 처리할 수 있는 다단계 입력 및 갱신 트랜잭션을 지원하여 갱신 연산의 효율성을 증가시킨다. 또한 다단계 릴레이션의 분해를 위한 알고리즘 구현의 기초를 제시한다.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.328-336
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cervical range of motion training on the change in respiratory function growth rate at the group and individual level in stroke patients and stroke patients with tracheostomy tube. Design: A Multilevel Growth Model Methods: 8 general stroke patients and 6 stroke patients who had a tracheostomy tube inserted were subjected to cervical range of motion training 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Force vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced expiration ratio (FEV1/FVC) and Manual assist peak cough flow (MPCF) were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multilevel analysis with HLM 8.0. Results: A significant difference was found in the respiratory function analysis growth rate of the entire group (p<0.05), and two groups were added to the research model. The linear growth rate of respiratory function in patients with general stroke increased with the exception of FEV1/FVC (p<0.05). Stroke patients with tracheostomy tube showed a decreasing pattern except for FVC. In particular, MPCF showed a significantly decreased result (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study found that the maintenance of improved respiratory function in stroke patients with tracheostomy tube decreased over time. However, cervical range of motion training is still a useful method for respiratory function in general stroke patients and stroke patients with tracheostomy tube.