• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2010

Isaria sinclairii (Cicada Dongchunghacho) was studied as a potential crude natural food in powdered form. The role of tissue fatty acids in relation to the anti-obesity effects of I. sinclairii (IS) was examined by feeding the powder to SD rats ad libitum at 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5 and 10% (calculated about 8 g/kg) of the feed for a period of 3 months and 6 months. The fatty acid composition profile as indicated GC-MS, showed significantly slight dose-dependent increases in the levels of unsaturated fatty acids, particularly, arachidonic acid (C20: 4n6), oleic acid, linoleic acid, eicosadienoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (C20: 5) concentration in the the ad libitum IS-fed groups compared to the control group in SD abdominal fat over 6 month period. Over viewing of the SD and Ob mice treated Isaria sinclairii powder; there were increases in the single (mono) unsaturated fatty acids ratio but decreases in polyunsaturated fatty acid. In IS-fed groups in proportion to the treatment period, this Dongchunghacho also induced an increase in the level of same result of unsaturated fatty acid in C57BL/6 obese (ob/ob) mice over a 6-month period treatment compared to those given 10% dry mulberry leaf powder (ML) or silkworm powder mixed with the standard diet.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.432-437
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of mulberry-leaf powder Tofu (MPT) on serum lipids profiles, Ca levels, Ca/P ratio and Pb levels in 30 middle aged obese women living in the Choongnam area. 100 g/day MPT was consumed for 4 weeks. The nutrient contents per 100 g MPT were 86.71 kcal (energy), 8.98 g protein, 0.53 mg fiber, 211.33 mg Ca and 1.59 g fat. Anthropometric measurements, 24 h recall dietary intakes, serum levels of protein, albumin, glucose, Ca and Pb, lipid profiles (cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol), and the Ca/P ratio were analyzed before and after consumption of MPT. After consumption of MPT, there were no significant differences in anthropometric measurements, the levels of serum protein, albumin, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, lipase activity, HTR (HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol), CRF (cardiac risk factor), Ca, Ca/P ratio and Pb. There were decreases in the levels of serum triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, AI (atherogenic index) and LHR (LDL-cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol). Significantly increased dietary intakes of plant protein, total Ca, and plant Ca were observed.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 1995

Studies were carried out to report breeding procedure and characteristics of Fb, a strain of silkworm with abnormal food habit polyphagous. Selection was continued up to the 14th generation toward higher incidence of cabbage leaves feeding variants. In the autumn of 1992(7th generation), selected strain were subjected to severe selection by feeding them on artificial diet that did not contain mulberry leaf powder. The results were clearly positive and reached to higher than 95% of cabbage feeding in the 14th generation. This strain was first discovered by feeding cabbage leaves, but later they were observed to eat some kind of plants like lettuce, Chinese cabbage, radish, beet, apple, persimmon, pear, etc. As described above the procedure, cabbage feeding trait was clearly heritable. The strain responsible for this traits was named Fb.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.631-639
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of macaroons prepared using natural color materials (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten (Re-N), mulberry leaf (Gr-N), pumpkin (Ye-N), and cocoa powder (Br-N)) and corresponding artificial food colorants (red (Re-A), yellow (Ye-A), green (Gr-A) and brown (Br-A)). The moisture content of macaroons prepared using natural color material was higher compared to the macaroons prepared using artificial food colorant. DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity was similar in both types of macaroons. Lightness and redness of Re-N, Gr-N, Ye-N, and Br-N macaroons were lower than Re-A, Gr-A, Ye-A and Br-A macaroons. Yellowness of Re-N was higher because of the browning reaction. The texture profile analysis revealed lower hardness when natural color powder was employed. In the sensory evaluation, overall acceptability was not significantly different between natural colored and artificial colored macaroons. As a result, macaroons with the natural color material were softer and showed higher antioxidative activity, however, organoleptic properties were not much different when compared with macaroons with artificial colors. Apparently, it is stated that more studies on the development of macaroons with more enhanced physical functionality and good taste using natural materials should be performed.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.57-65
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• 1974

This study has been carried out to investigate the effect of protein components of a diet on the increasing of larval body weight and diet efficiency, as well as the amylase activity of larval digestive juices during the 5th instar. Defending on the amounts of soybean meal as a protein source, the six different kind of artificial diets containing mulberry leaf powder fed to the larvae. The results obtained may be summarized as follows： 1. As the protein components of the diet were increased, the amount of increased larval body weight was also increased. 2. As the protein components of the diet were increased, both the cocoon weight and cocoon layer weight were also increased. 3. As the protein components of the diet were increased, both the amount of diet digested and coefficient of digestibility were also increased. 4. As the protein components of the diet were increased, the diet efficiency of larvae were also increased. 5. But the experimenters could not observe any correlation between the increase of protein components of a diet and the amylase activity of the digestive juices.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.30-35
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• 1979

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of $\alpha$-amylase, added to artificial diet, on the larval growth and on the amount of blood sugar of the silkworm Bombyx mori L.. The artificial diet containing 20% mulberry leaf powder was fed on the 5th instar silkworm. The results obtained were summarized follows: 1. The digestibility in both sexes was increased by feeding artificial diet with $\alpha$-amylase and increase of the digestibility was greater in the female than in the male. 2. Larval body weight was increased in the female but was the male, compared with those in each sex of the control, respectively. 3. There was an increase of the single cocoon weight and cocoon shell weight, as compared with that of the control. 4. It was evident that the artificial diet containing $\alpha$-amylase was more effective than the control, and the effect of the diet was considerable higher in the female than in the male. 5. The amount of the blood sugar on the 7th day of 5th instar was decreased as compared with that of the control.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.280-287
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• 2008

We investigated the effect of dietary mulberry leaf powder (MP) on loperamide-induced constipation in rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given MP in their diets at a concentration of 0% 5% and 10% for 33 days. Rats were divided into 4 groups: normal diet group (NOR), normal diet and loperamide treated group (MPL0), 5% MP and loperamide treated group (MPL5), and 10% MP and loperamide treated group (MPL10). Constipation was induced by subcutaneous injection of loperamide (1.5 mg/kg body weight/day) for the final 5 days of the experiment Supplemental MP had no effect on the food efficiency ratio, but it reduced body weight gain and food intake in a concentration dependent manner. Administration of loperamide decreased food intake. MP had a concentration-dependent effect on decreasing total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, and triglycerides and on increasing HDL-cholesterol. Loperamide had no significant effect on serum lipid profiles. Loperamide decreased the number and wet weight of fecal pellets and fecal water content MP increased the number and wet weight of fecal pellets and fecal water content in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, MP increased gut transit time and transit speed, and the guts of mts treated with MP plus loperamide were longer than those of mts treated with loperamide alone. These results indicate that MP is an effective treatment for constipation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.1079-1084
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• 2004

The present study was conducted to compare antioxidant activity of green teas, fermented teas and other related common teas by examining radical scavenging activity using DPPH (2,2 diphenyl l-picryl hydrazyl). Scavenging activity ($SC_{50}$/) of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) for 0.1 mM DPPH radical was 5.5 $\mu$M or 4.2 mg/L by weight, then catechin, 14 $\mu$M or 2.5 mg/L and vitamin C, 22 $\mu$M or 3.9 mg/L, respectively. Kyokuro tea (okro) powder of 24.2 mg/L or green tea powder of 25.2 mg/L was used to reach $SC_{50}$/ for 0.1 mM DPPH. One serving of 2 g green tea provides antioxidant activity equivalent to 109∼147 mg EGCG, 145∼185 mg catechin or 131∼168 mg vitamin C. Teas from the first harvest had the highest radical scavenging activity when compared with later harvest green teas grown in the same region, but there is virtually no difference by the harvest time. A Chinese green tea, Dragon well had the highest antioxidant activity among other green teas tested providing antioxidant capacity equivalent to 168 mg EGCG or 188 mg vitamin C per 2 g serving, but partially fermented Chinese teas had much lower antioxidant activity than any green tea tested. Black tea which is fully fermented showed as strong antioxidant activity as green teas (76.3 mg vs 86.7∼67.6 mg per tea bag). One tea bag of green teas from market provided antioxidant capacity equivalent to 52∼86 mg EGCG, 70∼105 mg catechin or 63-96 mg vitamin C. Teas made of persimmon leaf, pine needle, mulberry leaf had comparatively low anti-oxidant activity equivalent to 2.5∼4.8 mg EGCG or 15∼21 mg vitamin C per teabag. The third brewed green tea still had enough antioxidant activity, while tea from tea bag brewed for 3 min or 5 min did not have any difference in their antioxidant activity. More systemic studies are needed to clarify the relationship between tea catechins and antioxidant capacity focusing on how growing, harvest time, fermentation and other processes can influence on this.