• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

A feng-shui map(山圖) represents the most ideal natural landform on a map of feng-shui space model, highlighting propitious spots and grave sites in terms of feng-shui. This study made an analysis into feng-shui maps featured in the Chinese feng-shui manual Jiriinjasuji published in the Ming dynasty of China and did research on the following points regarding the traits of landform expressions: viewpoints of feng-shui maps, perspective points, center-oriented maps, double map scales, mountain theories, detailed expressions of propitious spots, etc. The major characteristics of landform expressions in the Chinese feng-shui manual Jiriinjasuji are as follows: the viewpoint technique was aerial one; the maps were center-oriented, that is to say, the center of grave sites or propitious spot was depicted in detail; and often the important terrains around grave sites were exaggerated or delete compared with real landforms. In addition, other vital landforms not observed from grave sites were depicted with viewpoints moved and were represented in greater details' The part of mountain theories had the following points as their main subject matter: geographical locations, overall orientations of mountain ranges, topographical traits, grave seat directions, surrounding terrains and extent of fortune-bringing. The directions of the maps were relative and there was no definite concept of scales. But, there are many cases where the maps made use of the double scale technique when expressing the terrains that have propitious space, logistical cities or directional importance. Furthermore, they often utilized multiple scale in expressing near views, mid-range views and distant views.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.38-45
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• 2018

Baekdudaegan is Korea's traditional geographic system which incorporates the mountains and water to constitute an organism. In this system, the mountain ranges of the Korean peninsula is categorized into one Daegan, one Jeonggan and thirteen Jeongmaek: a classification that follows the principle that 'a mountain range separates watercourse (山自分水嶺).' Among them, the scope of this study encompasses one Daegan and nine Jeongmaek which fall in South Korea. As for the methodology, this study interviewed the visitors to Baekdudaegan in South Korea and analyzed 2,519 responses. Among the interviewee, a very low proportion of 5.1% answered that they 'know' the traditional geographic system and those who 'know' Baekdudaegan were merely 39%. Only 11.8% said they 'know' Jeongmaek. Meanwhile, more than 60% answered that the natural environment of Baekdudaegan was 'well conserved,' and this can lead to the judgment that the environment is well conserved. Many answered that it was desirable to include Baekdudaegan in the curriculum, most effectively from the primary school, for promoting the awareness of Baekdudaegan. Currently, the traditional geological system is not included in the promulgated curriculum of the Ministry of Education. Therefore, the lessons from this study lead to a suggestion that the curriculum by the Ministry of Education shall allot courses on this traditional geological system. This policy will inculcate the identity of the Korean nationality and the fundamental concept of conservation by stimulating the affection to our territory and environment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.336-343
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the quality characteristics of candy products added with hot-water extract of korean mountain ginsengs as the useful food materials. Water content of the products were $0.41{\sim}0.88\%$. Candy product with $5\%$ addition showed the highest content($87.5\%$) in Brix. pH ranges of the products were $5.50{\sim}5.56$. In terms of Hunters color value, L value was lower in $10\%$ candy product(56.40) than that of other products, while a and b value were increased in $10\%$ candy product. Sucrose was the major free sugar of candy products, and major organic acids were malic, tartaric and citric acid. Free amino acids were predominantly arginine, serine, aspartic acid and proline. The major minerals were K, Mn, Na and Mg. Antioxidant activity of candy products were about $64.28{\sim}70.88\%$ compared to $96.81\%$ of BHA(200 ppm). Result of sensory evaluation of $10\%$ candy products gained higher sensory score in overall acceptance, compared to the other products.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.171-176
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• 2003

Meteor Burst Communication can provide effective and economical means of communication where long distance VHF NLOS(None Line of sight) data transmission is needed; often ranges more than 1200 km. It has been, however, so far considered unsuitable for distance as short as 700km application because of phenomenal decrease in burst durations, which leads to decreation of total duty rate of the system. This paper introduce experimental characteristics of very shot distance MB(Meteor Hurst) path. Also the occurring rate and average length measured on 50km paths between kyongsan-city to Andong-city shows that Meter Burst communication is useful communication system in mountain and valley communication.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.82 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1993

Tree-ring data of subalpine conifers growing in Korea were analyzed to evaluate the possibility of enhanced tree growths due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide. A total of 64 trees of three species(Taxus cuspidata, Pinus koraiensis, Abies koreana) were sampled from three mountain ranges (Seolak, Sobaek, Chiri) at 1200~1750m(above sea level) and four chronologies were developed in spans of 209~412 years. No apparent growth increases were found in the graphs of chronologies. As comparing the growths of 1900-1949 and 1950-1989 period, only one chronology possessed higher mean growth in the post-1950 period. Growth increase found in the Pinus koraiensis chronology from Mt. Seolak was 8% but it could not be solely attributed to increased carbon dioxide concentration.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.75-87
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the location characteristics of the rice paddy fields and to predict shrinking areas of them. The study area is in South Korea nationwide, and a 300×300m raster level is adopted as a spatial analysis unit. The binary logit model and spatial simulation model are employed for the analyses. As a result, population, industry, climate and nature, and accessibility play a significant role in determining rice paddy fields' locations. It is predicted that the shrinking rate will be high in Gangwon-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do until 2027. The hot spots are intensively shaped in the inland of Gangwon-do, eastern parts of Gyeonggi-do, and the borders of Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeollabuk-do between Charyeong and Sobaek mountain ranges. Using Gimcheon-si as an example, the study suggests fundamental policy implications for taking advantage of the simulation results from the lens of local agriculture. Several policy measures are proposed for improving management strategies for the rice paddy fields in the long run.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.135-142
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• 2010

This research aims to examine the characteristics of tomb sites including tomb mound and attached buildings and also to find out the principles reflected in the traditional oriental Feng-Shui location and spatial composition of Junkyung and Youngkyung tomb at Samcheok. The results of this study are as follows. These tombs harmonize with each other in the cosmic dual forces because Junkyung tomb is men's sex symbol and tiger to lie on his belly and Youngkyung tomb is women's sex symbol in geographical feature. Spatial structure in these tomb sites were placed in a reflected line following the hierarchy of metaphysics by standing high Geumchunkyo(Bridge)-Hongsalmun(Gate)-Jegak(Pavilion)-Bongbun(Tomb mound). Axis structure of these tombs is irregular bent-axis type from Geumchunkyo to Bongbun, specially in case of Youngkyung tomb it is getting more refractive. These tombs are divided into and characterized by three zones. Firstly the space for living people constitutes from Geumchunkyo to Hongsalmun, secondly the semi-sacred space constitutes from Hongsalmun to Jegak, and lastly the space for the dead constitutes from the back of Jegak to Bongbun. - type Jegak instead of T type Jegak generally used at Chosun Dynasty was installed because of claypan stretched out in front of Junkyung tomb and Bongbun of Youngkyung tomb located at a ravine between two mountain ranges.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the natural habitat of Hotaria unmunsana Doi, which was first discovered at Mt. Unmun also represents a landscape indicator species for Daegu and Gyeongbuk provinces, and Luciola lateralis Motschulsky, which is the object of experiential activation at festivals in some cities in the region. The spatial range of this study is limited by Daegu City and Gyeongbuk province, and is used to predict the preference of firefly for altitude, slope, direction, shaded relief, riparian buffer zone, river environment, and farmland to analyze the area that best matches the habitat of fireflies. As a result, fireflies are highly influenced by altitude and there may be no large-scale habitats in some areas through the Nakdong and the Baekdu mountain ranges, which occur at high altitude. In most of the cities, we found major habitats around the streams and wetlands. By region, the sites were widely distributed around the cities focused on Nakdong River, and many habitats emerged around the Nakdong River tributary and gentle slopes. In order to preserve and spread the habitat of fireflies, the physical environment as well as their relationship with food chains and symbiotic organisms should be established, and excessive use of pesticides and herbicides in agricultural areas should be avoided.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.45-54
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• 2021

This study aims to establish administrative boundaries by utilizing digitalized old topographical map. Various problems have arisen due to unclear administrative boundaries. For example, there are various problems such as conflict amongst residents to occupy a larger area, unnecessary waste of administrative power, and difficulty in collecting various data for administrative units (farm area, statistical data, spatial analysis, living ara analysis). Therefore, in this study, an experimental study was conducted to establish administrative boundaries by using an old topographical map containing information on villages before administrative reform in 1914. As a result, the boundaries of towns, towns and villages were largely consistent. In order to divide the administrative boundaries based on the legal district boundaries, the administrative boundaries were established by referring to the contents of village introduction and natural boundaries (roads, rivers, mountain ranges, etc.) provided in towns and villages. However, there was a limit in establishing a precise boundary as it was not possible to secure a high-quality digitalized old topographical map.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.381-402
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• 2017

In order to investigate distribution of vascular plants along elevational gradient in the Nodong valley of Gyebangsan, vascular plants of eight sections with 100-meter-high were surveyed from the Auto-camping site (800 m) to the top of a mountain (1,577 m). There were a total of 382 taxa: 89 families, 234 genera, 339 species, 7 subspecies, 34 varieties, and 2 forms. As a result of analyzing the pattern of species richness, it showed a reversed hump-shaped with minimum richness at mid-high elevation. As a result of analyzing habitat affinity types, the proportion of forest species increased with increasing elevation. But, the ruderal species decreased with increasing elevation, and then increased at the top of a mountain. As for the proportion of life forms, the annual herbs gradually decreased with increasing elevation, but it did not appear between 1,300 m and 1,500 m and then increased at the top of a mountain. The trees gradually increased with elevation and decreased from 1,300~1,400 m. The vascular plants divided into four groups by using DCA. The arrangement of each stands was arranged in order from right to left on the I axis according to the elevation. The distribution of vascular plants is determined by their own optimal ranges of vegetation. Also, rise in temperature due to climate change affects the distribution of vascular plants, composition, and diversity. Therefore, continuous monitoring is necessary to confirm ecological and environmental characteristics of vegetation, distribution ranges, changes of habitat. Furthermore, plans for conservation and management based on these data should be prepared according to climate change.