• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.400-409
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of irrational beliefs on parenting stress of mothers with early children. For achieving this purpose, Irrational Belief Test and Parenting Stress Index were administered to 300 mothers with early children in Busan and data from 234 mothers were used for statistical analysis. Collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of correlational analysis showed that irrational beliefs were positively related to parenting stress. Anxious over-concern factor was related to all parenting stress variables. The results of stepwise regression analysis revealed that 2~4 irrational beliefs significantly influenced parenting stress; sub-factors of parenting stress variable that irrational beliefs had the most effect on was competence factor. Based upon these results, it can be concluded that irrational belief is an important variable which predicts parenting stress of mothers with early children.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.27-42
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to investigate causal relationships among parenting stress, social support, parenting efficacy, and mothers' parenting behaviors as a function of child's sex. The subjects were 419 boys and 414 girls in the 3rd grade of elementary schools in Inchon city, and their mothers. Conflict Tactics Scales (Straus, 1979), Parenting Stress Index (Abidin, 1990), and Parenting Sense of Competence (Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978) were revised for use in this research. A modified version of the Social Support Scale (Pak, 1985) and Teamwork of Parenting Alliance Inventory (Abidin, 1988) were used. The data were analyzed with one way ANOVAS, Pearson's correlations, and covariance structural analysis by the LISREL 8.03 program. The results of this study were: (1) The more mothers felt parenting stress and the less they perceived social support and parenting efficacy. (2) The process leading to mothers' coercive parenting behaviors differed as a function of child's sex. For mothers of boys, parenting stress and social support had an indirect effect on coercive parenting behaviors through the mediation of parenting efficacy. For mothers of girls, however, parenting stress had a direct effect on coercive parenting behaviors.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.53-75
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the "Authentic Parental Competence Scale" for mothers with school-age children. Based on a literature review, the study found that 'authentic parental competence' could be divided into parenting comperence, self-system competence, and social competence. In addition, the scale comprised three factors consisting of 43. The study collected data through behavior event interview(BEI), focus group interview(FGI), and three times Delphi investigation. The scale for mothers of school-age children consisted of a total of 129 items, which included three different dimensions (knowledge, skill, and attitude), and four factors were extracted from factor analysis following a survey of 362 mothers. The factors were labeled as "ability of developmental positive parenting," "ability of playing a role as a citizen and making social contributions," "ability of self-understanding and interpersonal relations," and "ability of self-growth and self-determination." In addition, the results revealed that the "Authentic Parental Competence Scale" showed an appropriate level of construct validity, reliability of the scales, distribution of item response, and item discrimination.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.49-62
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the main and interaction effects of mothers' parental internal attributions and neuroticism on self-perception of the parental role. Methods: A total of 138 mothers with toddlers in Seoul and other big cities in Korea completed questionnaires, and data were analyzed by Pearson's correlation and multiple regression analyses. Results: The results were as follows: First, mothers who attributed their successful parenting to ability showed lower satisfaction, and mothers who attributed their successful parenting to ability and effort showed higher feelings of equilibrium. Mothers with higher levels of neuroticism showed higher competence, parental investment, and satisfaction in their self-perception of the parental role. Second, there were significant interaction effects between ability attribution and neuroticism on feelings of equilibrium, between effort attribution and neuroticism on feelings of equilibrium, between ability attribution and neuroticism on competence, and between effort attribution and neuroticism on parenting investment. Conclusion: The findings of this research indicate that neuroticism showed a positive effect on self-perception of the parental role because neuroticism indicates sensitivity in parenting. Further, the effects of neuroticism on self-perception of the parental role differed by mothers internal attribution.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.7 s.221
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• pp.53-62
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• 2006

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Counseling-Utilized Parent Education for Mothers (CUPEM). CUPEM was developed based on Developmentally Appropriate Practices, Solution-Focused Therapy, Satir's Experiential Family Therapy, and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. The subjects were 51 mothers of 4 and 5 year old children and randomly assigned either to the intervention group (n=26) or the comparison group (n=25). Mothers in the intervention group had 10-2 hour intervention sessions while those in the comparison group received the intervention after this study was completed. Both groups received pre-and post-test evaluation, and a follow-up test. The data were analyzed by t-test and paired t-test. The results showed that participanting mothers' parenting stress was lessened while sense of parenting competence and positive maternal behaviors during mother-child interaction were increased significantly. Second, these mothers' self-confidence and maternal attitude toward childrearing were improved. Third, this effect lasted for at least one month after the termination of this program.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.103-122
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to identify the variables affecting parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. The selected variables were marital satisfaction, social support, and acculturation. The participants consisted of 105 mothers who had defected from North Korea with preschool children living in Seoul, Gwangmyeong-si, and Gyeongsangnam-do provinces. The data thus collected were analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated that the marital satisfaction and social support had meaningfully positive effects on the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. However, marginalization was found to be a predictor of competence-anxiety in parenting. The selected variables derived from the environmental systems in maternal parenting were significant factors in the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers and furthermore, their sociocultural environments were also important in parenting. These findings clearly showed that marital satisfaction and social support were the most significant variables of parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers. The results of this study appear to have a great deal of utility as preliminary data to improve the parenting efficacy of North Korean refugee mothers.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.42 no.10 s.200
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• pp.23-38
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• 2004

This study firstly investigated the relationships of children's social competence with the relevant factors such as mother's parental role satisfaction and parenting behaviors and secondly analyzed if parenting behaviors function as mediators. The subjects were 1865-year-old children and their mothers. The results showed that children's social competence was related to the children's sex, health, and mother's academic career. Children's social competence was influenced by the relation satisfaction between parents and children, the role conflict between wife and husband, the mother s warm-hearted and rational parenting, and the wife's satisfaction of her husband's support. The mother's warm-hearted and rational parenting functioned as a mediator(intermediary factor) between the children's social competence and the mother's parental role satisfaction.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 2009

The relations of mothers' attitudes regarding maternal employment to mothers' psychological well-being, mothers' parenting sensitivity and children's social competence were examined for mothers who worked full-time (extensively) from age 6 months of their children on, mothers who were not employed, and mothers who worked part-time or inconsistently during their children's early years. Longitudinal observations of 1,034 mothers and children in the NICHD Study of Early Child Care from age one month to first grade were analyzed using structural equation models. As predicted, mothers and children benefited when maternal attitudes were consistent with mother's actual employment status. Among extensively employed mothers, those with positive attitudes about employment had better psychological well-being; among mothers who were not employed, those who believed that maternal employment would have negative consequences for children's development reported better psychological well-being. The findings suggested that whether the mother's status of employment is congruent with their beliefs, not whether the mother is working or not, predicted the mother's well-being and their child's social development.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.228-235
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• 2011

Objectives : This study was conducted to compare the object relations and parenting behavior of the mothers of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) with that of the mothers with normal children. Methods : In this study, we studied 64 mothers of children who were diagnosed with ADHD and 90 mothers of normal children. The mothers completed the Bell Object Relations Inventory (BORI), the Parenting Behavior Inventory (PBI), the Parenting Stress Index (PSI) and the Parenting Sense of Competence (PSOC) scale. Results : As compared with the mothers of normal children, the mothers of children with ADHD showed significantly different results for the parenting stress and parenting efficacy. For parenting behavior, the mothers of children with ADHD perceived their mothering as being more neglectful. On the other hand, the mothers of the normal control group perceived their mothering as being more affectionate and the fathers as being more reasonable and monitoring. Conclusion : This study suggests there is a significant difference of object relation between the mothers of children with ADHD and the mothers with normal children. The object relation pathology of the mothers of children with ADHD might contribute to impaired parenting behavior. The result of the present study indicate that inadequate grandparental rearing behavior affects the insecure object relation of their child (the mother), and a mother's insecure object relation affects their parental stress and parenting efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.21-39
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between parental attribution and self-perception in parenting roles according to parenting success or failure situations. A total of 138 mothers who have toddlers in Seoul and other big cities in Korea completed questionnaires, and data were analyzed by paired t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient, Fisher's Z score, and multi-regression. The results are as follows: First, mothers in parenting success situations showed higher parental attribution than mothers in parenting failure situations. Second, correlations between parental attribution and self-perception in parenting roles turned out to be significantly different between parenting success situations and failure situations. Third, both internal attribution such as ability and effort, and external attribution such as child behavior and task difficulty, significantly predicted self-perception in parenting roles including equilibrium feeling, competence, satisfaction and parenting investment, especially in parenting failure situations. The implications of the difference in parental attribution between parenting success and failure situations have been discussed.