• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.301-313
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the frame for standardized manual for Sanhujoriwon by finding out the status of the management of women & newborn in Sanhujoriwon, like postpartum care center. The subjects were 95 staffs of 22 Sanhujoriwon agreed on oral consent, in Seoul and Bundang, Korea. Data were collected from Sep. 15 to Oct. 24, 2001. The instrument used for this study was a structured questionnaire consisted of 16 items of general characteristics & educational characteristics about postpartum care, 31 items of degree of management of women's postpartum care (Cronbach's $\alpha$.93 ), 24 items of degree of management of newborn's care(Cronbach's $\alpha$.94 ), 10 items of methods of management of women's postpartum care, 8 items of methods management of newborn's care. The data were analyzed by the SPSS/PC+ program using frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results of the study were as follows ; 1. The mean of the degree of management for postpartum women was 4.1. The mean score for the degree of management of general postpartum care for women was 4.00 & traditional postpartum care(Sanhujori) was 4.20. The degree of management of traditional postpartum care was higher than general postpartum care for women. 2. The degree of management for newborn : The mean score for the degree of management of newborn was 4.37. 3.There was a strong positive correlation between general postpartum care and traditional postpartum care($r=.744^{**}$), and postpartum mother care and newborn care($r=.798^{**}$). 4.The basic frame for the management of the women and newborn in Sanhujoriwon. 1) For women: Integrated postpartal care Physical management : Vital sign & BP check, contraction of uterus, form and amount of lochia, management of personal hygiene, management of breast & breast-feeding, management of postpartum exercise, prevention of infection, symptom & sign of high risk and prevention & management of high risk condition; Emotional-psychological management: assessment and management of mother-baby attachment, emotional state; Educational management : education of vaccination schedule, urinary incontinence, rearing infant, breast-feeding ; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. 2) For newborn Physical management : check of vital sign, management of umbilical cord, jaundice, prevention of infection, management of diaper rash; Emotional-psychological management : assessment of sleep, crying, activity, response of mother-baby attachment; and Environmental management : temperature, humidity, disinfection, cleaning, light, infection control integrated with 6 principles of Sanhujori. In conclusion Sanhujoriwon must be health care center for the postpartum women and newborn. Therefore, the establishment of various laws and regulations in such a way to meet the realistic needs of Sanhujoriwon as a health care center for women and infants future health should be done. The standardized management manual based on the results is absolutely required above all.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.416-426
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• 2007

The purposes of this descriptive survey study were to describe antenatal depression and level of mother-fetal interaction, and to assess mother's behavior and feeling during mother-fetal interaction, in order to develop a base for nursing intervention programs for mothers who have antenatal depression. Method: Data were collected from 174 pregnant women who visited one public health center and OBGY clinic in Gangneung city. The instrument used for this study was a self-report questionnaire to identify depression (BDI), and mother-fetal interaction. Results: Of the mothers 63.2% were in the normal range for antenatal depression, 21.3% in the mild group and 15.5% were in the moderate to severe group. For antenatal depression, there were significant differences among the income, planned pregnant, health status, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. The mean for mother-fetal interaction was $29.88{\pm}4.91$. For mother-infant interaction, there were significant differences in education, income, pregnant number, delivery number, feeding plan, marriage satisfaction, family support, husband's love. There was a weak correlations between antenatal depression and mother-fetal interaction but it did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Antenatal depression and mother-fetal interaction influence fetal development. It is essential to assess and provide immediate care to mothers who have antenatal depression and lower level mother-fetal Interaction.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2013

Objectives : Since most oral diseases are not life threatening, it can be assumed that an individual's behavior to maintain one's oral health is most likely influenced by one's oral health knowledge. Methods : Mothers whose children are attending five kindergartens and child care facilities in the city of Danjin, Chungnam were selected as subjects of this study. Out of a total of 230 questionnaires collected. A self-administered survey was conducted from April 1 to April 30, 2012. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 (SPSS 19.0 K for window, SPSS Inc, USA) with the level of significance as 0.05. Results : 1. Most of the participants correctly answered questions on the oral health knowledge with a mean of 7.37 out of 9. 2. In the section of caring a child's oral health behavior, 'caring a child to brush his or her teeth three times a day' had the highest score of 3.45 out of 5. 3. Looking at caring a child's oral health behavior and a mother's oral health knowledge by general characteristics of mothers, there were no significant differences based on the mother's age, whether a mother is currently working or not, her level of education, and her monthly average income. Conclusions : Based on the above results, we can draw a conclusion that the lower the difference between the rate of correct answers and that of incorrect answers on mother's oral health knowledge to her child, the higher the mother's score of caring her child's oral health behavior, leading to better caring.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2021

Background: This study aims to provide basic data for development of the level-based oral health care program depending on the mother's oral health literacy by finding out how mother's oral health literacy can effect on the preschool children's oral health and behavior. Methods: The survey was conducted on 192 mothers who have preschool children and the data were analyzed by t-test, ANOVA, multiple regression analysis to identify differences in verbal and functional oral health literacy. Results: The study showed statistical significance (p<0.05) in educational level depending on differences in verbal and functional oral health literacy by sociodemographic factor. In differences in verbal and functional literacy depending on experience of education for oral health behavior and oral health, statistical significance (p<0.05) was showed highly on verbal and functional literacy in the case that subjects have an experience of education for oral health and their children have not been experienced of oral illness. And when it comes to the case that subjects have experience of education for oral health within one to two years, statistical significance was showed highly on verbal literacy. It showed that verbal and functional oral health literacy effects to oral health care behavior of children judging from results that the higher level of mother's verbal oral health literacy, the higher score of children's oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior. Conclusion: It is necessary to develop the systematic program which is appropriate for characteristics of each oral period in childhood depending on level of primary caregiver's oral health literacy, and systematic education should be preceded to enhance the literacy of the caregiver. It is considered necessary to improve the oral health care of children by developing a manual for oral health care education to enhance primary caregiver's oral health literacy.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.27-52
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• 2010

This study, using Korean Time Use Survey 1999, analyzes how opportunity costs of maternal time affects the ways in which mothers allocate their time to market work/housework/child care/leisure. Opportunity costs include two kinds: hourly child care costs and log hourly wage rates. Results show that a unit increase in child care costs reduces market work but increases housework, child care, and leisure. The effects of log wage rates are opposite those of child care costs. The result that a unit increase in the log wage rates decreases child care lime is not consistent with a previous study for the United Stales. These results differed by mother's educational attainments. This study suggests that policy-makers should pay careful attention to the effects of various types of mother's opportunity costs on non-market time in promoting maternal employment.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.93-105
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• 2015

Purpose: We conducted a descriptive study to: 1) understand how husbands are aware of the importance of Sanhujoiri(i.e, Korean traditional postpartum care) and 2) identify their needs to learn how to take care of postpartum women and newborns and to strengthen family bonding. Methods: The subjects consisted of 123 husbands who had children under the age of 5 years. Data were analyzed with t-test, one-way ANOVA, $Scheff{\acute{e}}^{\prime}s$ test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The mean age of subjects was $37.1{\pm}4.63$ years. The mean scores of awareness, needs for education on postpartum mother and newborn care, and family strength were $4.57{\pm}1.18$, $4.61{\pm}1.18$, $4.92{\pm}1.07$, and $4.01{\pm}0.95$, respectively, indicating higher scores. There were statistically significant differences in awareness (F=5.08, p<.05), newborn care (F=3.70, p<.05), and family strength (F=4.64, p<.05) by husband's role in Sanhujori There was a positive correlation among study variables. Conclusion: This study shows that even though husbands want to participate in Sanhujori, they do not have enough information on Sanhujori and mother/newborn care and adequate paternity leave. Realistic paternity leave system and effective Couple Centered Childbearing (from pregnancy to postpartum) Education Program CCCEP development are required to help husbands' participation in mother/newborn care with confidence and competence in home based Sanhujori.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.485-496
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• 1997

This study explored the relationships between Husband's emotional support and the mother's postpartum depression. The purpose of this study was to contribute to theoretical understanding of the relationships among these two variables and eventually to direct the planning of nursing care that enhance the health status of mothers in the postpartum period. Data were collected from January to June, 1995, with 47 postpartum Korean mothers in NewHampshire state in The United States of America. Postpartum depression was measured by Jung's Self-rating Depression Scale and husband's support was measured by Husband's support scale developed by Cho, Young Sook. Postpartum depression and husband's support were measured by postpartum mothers on the 3rd postpartum day and 2 weeks. The data were analysed by an SPSS computerized program and Percentages, t-test, paired t-test. ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and Stepwise multiple regression were used. The result of this study were summerized as follows ; 1. Mother's postpartum depression was greater at two weeks than the 3rd day (t=-2.64, p<.05). 2. Mother's percieved husband's supportive behavior was lower at 2 weeks than the 3rd day(t=-3.14,p<.01) 3. The higher the husband's supportive behavior, the lower the postpartum mother's depression (r=-2650,-2845;p<.01) 4. In this study, variables related to the mother's postpartum depression were husband's support, how much the husband liked the baby, occupation, and the knowledge of how to care for the baby. 5. In addition, by using Stepwise multiple regression analysis, it was determined that the main influencing factors on the postpartum depression. The variables - husband's support, how much the husband liked the baby and job made it possible to explain 48.61% of variance in postpartum depression. In conclusion, this study revealed that husband's support is an important factor that decrease the immigrant mother's postpartum depression.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.757-766
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• 1994

The survey was conducted to investigate several factors affecting the disease outcome with 116 infants aged 10 to 24 months residing in Kunsan city, Cheonbuk province . General characteristics, weaning practice , nutrient intake and the actual state for affecting disease were studied. Among many factors, mother's educational status was found to be the most influencing factor for affecting the disease outcome analyzed by oneway ANOVA. The exposure index disease, cold and diarrrhea, against mother's education were analyzed to find out the major factors for disease outcome. The education group up to middle school graduates, mother's job , nutrients supplements, feeding method, sex of baby were the factors, for the high school graduates, job , nutrients supplements were the causes, and the group graduated from the college the above grade mother's health state was the most important factor for the baby exposing to the disease. The disease outcome decreased when the bottle feeding was replaced by breast feeding, sufficient nutrients supplementation was recommended , and health care for mother during pregnancy was strongly advised.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the employed mother's work-mother role conflict according to the mother's work variables and parenting time. For this purpose, 202 employed mothers in dual-income family answered the questionnaire. The data were analysed by t-test, F-test, correlations and regressions. The findings of this study were: 1. Mother's role conflict showed significant difference and relationship in mother's work variables(flexibility of duty, irregular duty). 2. Mother's role conflict showed significant difference and relationship in mother's parenting time(mother-child activities, parenting time). 3. Employed mother's flexibility of duty and parenting time were correlated positively with mother's role conflict. Mother's irregular duty and mother-child activities were negatively with mother's role conflict. 4. Employed mother's work variables and parenting time influenced the mother's rolr conflict.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.71-86
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of parent-bonding patterns & environmental variables on rural high school students' self-differentiationf. The subjects were 600 rural high school students in the 2nd grade. The rural high school students' self-differentiation, according to parent-bonding style & environmental variables were researched with DOSS(Differentiation of self Scale) PBI(Parent-bonding Instrument) & environmental Scale. The data were analyzed by frequency & Reliability, ANOVA (scheffe'test) & Regression analysis of SPSS PC+ program. The main results were as follows. First, In P-B patterns generally frequencies of mother's care were higher than father's But in overprotection frequencies of father's were higher. Degree of rural highschool students' self-differentiation was on the level of 2.84 Second, According to parent-bonding patterns, the difference of self-differentiation were as follow. In P-B patters, father and mother on each level of P<.001 brought differences in the self-differentiation of the 4 sub-divisions Third, In short the effect on self-differentiation showed that in family environmental variables, parent's scolding, gender, family atmosphere & health conditions are crucial variables in self-differentiation and in P-B patterns, father's overprotection, mother's care, father's care are all influential on self-differentiation.