• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Niobium microalloying is effective in hot-rolled and cold-rolled steels by providing a fine-grained microstructure resulting in increased strength. To optimize the strengthening effect, alloy design and hot-rolling conditions have to be adapted. As a key issue the dissolution and precipitation characteristics of Nb are discussed in particular with regard to the run-out table conditions. It is then considered how the hot-rolled microstructure and the solute state of Nb interact with the hot-dip galvanizing cycle. The adjusted conditions allow controlling the morphology and distribution of phases in the cold-rolled annealed material. Additional precipitation hardening can be achieved as well. The derived options can be readily applied to produce conventional HSLA and IF high strength steels as well as to modern multiphase steels. It will be explained how important application properties such as strength, elongation, bendability, weldability and delayed cracking resistance can be influenced in a controlled and favorable way. Examples of practical relevance and experience are given.

• 한국자기학회:학술대회 개요집
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• 한국자기학회 2002년도 동계연구발표회 논문개요집
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• pp.84-85
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• 2002

Recently doped perovskite manganites have renewed interest because they exhibit a variety of unique magnetic and electronic behaviors such as colossal magnetoresistance (CMR), percolative phase separation, spin/charge/orbital ordering, and so on. For this reason, fabrication of thin films with the best surface morphology and controlling their magneto transport properties is essential for making magneto-resistive devices. (omitted)

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.163-168
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• 2017

Microglia are the primary resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). They are the first line of defense of the brain's innate immune response against infection, injury, and diseases. Microglia respond to extracellular signals and engulf unwanted neuronal debris by phagocytosis, thereby maintaining normal cellular homeostasis in the CNS. Pathological stimuli such as neuronal injury induce transformation and activation of resting microglia with ramified morphology into a motile amoeboid form and activated microglia chemotax toward lesion site. This review outlines the current research on microglial activation and chemotaxis.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.24-30
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• 2006

This study was performed to characterize inverse emulsion type cationic polyacrylamide (PAM) and to compare with powder and salt dispersion type PAMs as a retention and drainage aid. Salt dispersion type PAM has defects of high amount of salt which increases conductivity of white water, low active polymer contents and relatively worse retention and drainage properties than others because of its low molecular weight. Powder type PAM has benefit of high active polymer contents and good retention and drainage properties, but defects of low dissolution speed and insoluble particle generation were observed. However, inverse emulsion type showed the best retention and drainage aids among them by controlling molecular weight and morphology easily and it had relatively higher active polymer contents and better solubility.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2-2
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• pp.150.1-150.1
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• 2003

Gelsolin, a actin binding protein, has been demonstrated to be involved in controlling cell morphology, motility, signaling, and apoptosis. It's expression is frequently downregulated in cervix cancer and several types of different human cancers indicating the role of gesolin in suppression of tumorigenicity. Apicidin, a novel histone deacetylase inhibitor, has been shown to cause growth arrest and morphological change of cancer cells, resulting from the alternation of protein expression, such as p21^${WAF1/Cip1}$ and gelsolin. (omitted)

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.167-172
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• 2013

266 nm 파장을 갖는 Nd : YAG 레이저를 이용한 펄스레이저증착법(PLD)에 의해 모재인 $Al_2O_3$ 입자표면에 코팅된 $TiO_2$ 나노 입자를 제조하였다. 펄스레이저 에너지는 100 mJ/pulse로 고정하였으며, 레이저가 $TiO_2$ 타겟에 조사되는 동안 아르곤 가스를 챔버 내로 공급하였다. 이때, 압력은 $1{\times}10^{-2}Pa$에서 100 Pa로 변화시겼다. 증착된 나노 입자의 형태와 특성에 대한 증착 압력의 효과는 투과전자현미경과 에너지 분산형 X선 분광기를 이용하여 조사하였다. 모재 표면($Al_2O_3$)에 흡착된 나노 입자는 거의 구형이며 10~30 nm의 크기를 갖는다. 증착된 나노 입자의 형태는 기체 압력에 큰 영향을 받지 않는다. 그러나, 증착된 나노입자의 크기와 결정성은 기체 분압이 증가함에 따라서 증가한다. 이 방법에 의해서, 증착된 나노입자의 크기와 결정성은 기체 압력에 의해서 쉽게 조정할 수 있다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.2058-2071
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• 2015

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate precision and accuracy in controlling the temperature dependence of encapsulated microbial time-temperature integrators (TTIs) developed using two different emulsification techniques. Weissela cibaria CIFP 009 cells, immobilized within 2% Na-alginate gel microbeads using homogenization (5,000, 7,000, and 10,000 rpm) and Shirasu porous glass (SPG) membrane technologies (10 μm), were applied to microbial TTIs. The prepared micobeads were characterized with respect to their size, size distribution, shape and morphology, entrapment efficiency, and bead production yield. Additionally, fermentation process parameters including growth rate were investigated. The TTI responses (changes in pH and titratable acidity (TA)) were evaluated as a function of temperature (20℃, 25℃, and 30℃). In comparison with conventional methods, SPG membrane technology was able not only to produce highly uniform, small-sized beads with the narrowest size distribution, but also the bead production yield was found to be nearly 3.0 to 4.5 times higher. However, among the TTIs produced using the homogenization technique, poor linearity (R²) in terms of TA was observed for the 5,000 and 7,000 rpm treatments. Consequently, microbeads produced by the SPG membrane and by homogenization at 10,000 rpm were selected for adjusting the temperature dependence. The E_a values of TTIs containing 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 g microbeads, prepared by SPG membrane and conventional methods, were estimated to be 86.0, 83.5, and 76.6 kJ/mol, and 85.5, 73.5, and 62.2 kJ/mol, respectively. Therefore, microbial TTIs developed using SPG membrane technology are much more efficient in controlling temperature dependence.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.325-334
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• 2007

Recently, quorum sensing has been implicated as an important global regulator controlling the production of numerous virulence factors such as capsular polysaccharides in bacterial pathogens. The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of smcR, a homolog of V. harveyi luxR identified from V. vulnificus ATCC29307, were analyzed. The amino acid sequence of SmcR from V. vulnificus was 72 to 92% similar to those of LuxR homologs from Vibrio spp. Functions of SmcR were assessed by the construction of an isogenic mutant, whose smcR gene was inactivated by allelic exchanges, and by evaluating its phenotype changes in vitro and in mice. The disruption of smcR resulted in a significant alteration in biofilm formation, in type of colony morphology, and in motility. When compared with the wild-type, the smcR mutant exhibited reduced survival under adverse conditions, such as acidic pH and hyperosmotic stress. The smcR mutant exhibited decreased cytotoxic activity toward INT 407 cells in vitro. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal $LD_{50}$ of the smcR mutant was approximately $10^2$ times higher than that of parental wild-type. Therefore, it appears that SmcR is a novel global regulator, controlling numerous genes contributing to the pathogenesis as well as survival of V. vulnificus.

• 공업화학
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.798-802
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• 1998

탄소제립물은 야자각 분말을 coal tar 용액과 혼합시켜 성형한 후, 이를 여러 가지 온도에서 탄화시켜 제조하였다. 탄소제립물의 미세공 조절을 위하여 질소분위기에서 벤젠 증착시간을 변화시켰다. 여러 가지 시료에 대해서 SEM을 이용하여 얻은 Morphology와 진밀도를 비교하였고 Cahn D-200장치를 이용한 산소 및 질소의 흡착속도를 측정하여 가스의 확산계수, 분리계수 및 흡착평형량을 얻었다. 흡착특성 결과의 분석을 통해 분자체 제조에 적합한 탄화온도와 변형시간은 각각 $800^{\circ}C$와 10분이며, 이때 산소와 질소의 분리계수는 26.4임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2005년도 후기학술대회논문집
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• pp.196-197
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• 2005

Cathodic protection is one of the successful ways to prevent corrosion of steel structures in marine environments. The unique feature of cathodic protection in seawater is the formation of calcareous deposits on cathodic metal surface. The formation principles of calcareous deposit seawater had been known for a long time. That is, cathodic reduction reactions associated with cathodic protection in seawater generate $OH^-$ at the metal surface in accordance with the formular ; 1/2 $O_2$ + $H_2O$ + $2e^-$ $2OH^-$ and $2H_2O$ + $2e^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $H_2$ + $2OH^-$. These reactions increase the pH at the metal / seawater interface. The high pH causes precipitation of $Mg(OH)_2$ and $CaCO_3$ in accordance with the formular ; $Mg^{2+}$ + $2(OH)^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $Mg(OH)_2$ and $Ca^{2+}$ + $HCO_3^-$ + $OH^-$ ${\rightarrow}$ $H_2O$ + $CaCO_3$. These are typically the main compounds in calcareous deposits. It obviously has several advantages compared to the conventional coatings, since the environment-friendly calcareous deposit coating is formed by the elements($Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) naturally present in seawater. In this study, environmental friendly calcareous deposit films were prepared on steel plates by electro plating technic in natural seawater. The influence of current density on composition ratio, structure and morphology of the coated films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy formation process of calcareous deposits films in natural seawater. And we confirmed the properties of all the films can be improved greatly by controlling the material structure and morphology with effective use of the electroplating method in natural seawater.