• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.442-448
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• 2016

Dental caries and periodontal disease are considered to be chronic, but can be prevented through an incremental oral health program covering all ages. The National Oral Health Program for adults provides oral health exam and scaling, and is covered by national health insurance for those over 20 years of age in Korea. The aim of this study was to collect basic data for developing an oral health program for adults by identifying factors related to awareness and need. The data were obtained by convenience sampling of 303 subjects. The use of dental plaque disclosing agents affected tooth brushing frequency, toothbrushing time and use of oral auxiliary devices. Education on toothbrushing methods affected toothbrushing time and use of oral auxiliary devices. Of those surveyed, 93.1% replied that an incremental oral health program for adults was needed, and 68.0% intended to participate. In a regression model, the factors that had an effect on the perceived need for an oral health program were education level, use of oral hygiene auxiliary devices, and toothbrushing time, and the factors affecting intent to participate were education for prevention of periodontal disease and the use of oral hygiene auxiliary devices. The subjects stated that the following oral health programs were needed: an oral bacteria exam (74.3%), toothbrushing education (71.6%), a bad breath exam (69.3%), education on use of oral hygiene auxiliary devices (46.9%), a dental plaque exam (42.9%) and a saliva exam (37.6%). Oral health education appears to be an important factor for participation in an incremental oral health program.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.2711-2717
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• 2016

Background: Through search the possible randomized control trials, we make a renewed meta-analysis in order to assess the impact of aspirin in preventing the recurrence of colorectal adenoma. Materials and Methods: The Medicine/PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Chinese biomedical literature service system (SinoMed) databases were searched for the related randomized controlled trials until to the April 2016. Three different authors respectively evaluated the quality of studies and extracted data, and we used the STATA software to analyze, investigate heterogeneity between the data, using the fixed-effects model to calculate and merge data. Results: 7 papers were included the renewed meta-analysis, among these studies, two pairs were identified as representing the same study population, with the only difference being the duration of follow-up. Thus there were only five papers included our meta-analysis, and one Chinese paper were also included the work. Results were categorized by the length of follow-up, different kinds of people, varied dose of oral aspirin. The relative of adenoma in patients taking aspirin vs placebo were 0.73 (95% CI 0.55-0.98, P=0.039) with 1 year follow up; 0.84 (95% CI 0.72-0.98, P=0.484) with greater than 1 year follow up; for the advanced adenoma, the RR 0.68 (95% CI 0.49-0.94, P=0.582),for one year; RR=0.75 (95% CI 0.52-1.07, P=0.552) for greater one year. Furthermore the white population could divided into two subgroups according to the different length of follow-up time. When the length of follow-up time less than 3-year, The RR of two subgroups respective were RR=0.86 (95% CI 0.76-0.98, P=0.332), $I^2=0%$, RR=0.68 (95% CI 0.47-0.98, P=0.552), $I^2=64.6%$, But with the extension of follow-up time greater than 2-year, with the white, oral aspirin without considering dose had no efficacy on preventing the recurrence of any adenoma, the RR was 0.86 (95% CI 0.71-1.05, P=0.302), $I^2=16.4%$. Conclusions: This meta-analysis indicated that oral aspirin is associated with a remarkable decrease in the recurrence of any adenoma and advanced adenomas in patients follow-up for 1 year without concerning the dose of aspirin, but with the extension of follow-up time for greater than 1 year, oral aspirin can be effective on preventing the recurrence of any adenoma, but for the advanced adenoma, the result indicated that oral aspirin had no efficacy, According to the inclusion of ethnic groups, we also divided relevant papers into two subgroups as the yellow and white group. Then the follow-up time was less than 3 years, oral aspirin without considering the dose, had an significant efficacy on preventing the recurrence of any adenoma. But with the follow-up greater than 2 years, oral aspirin had no effect in the white.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.819-825
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• 2005

The Antioxidative accvities of the cell free extracts containing high glutathione by Saccharomyces cerevisiae FF-8 were tested in vitro experimental models : DPPH method for radical scavenging activity, ferric TBA method and ferric thiocyanate method using linoleic acid and tissue microsome for lipid peroxidation inhibitions. The concentration of intercellular glutathione by cultivating S. cerevisiae FF-8 in the YM optimal medium obtained $204\mug/ml$, which was increased by 2.76-fold from $74\mug/ml$ in the YM basal medium. A comparition between the YM basal medium and the YM optimal medium on antioxidative substance produced by S. cerevisiae FF-8 was investigated. In DPPH ($\alpha, \alpha-diphenyl-\beta-picrylhydrazyl$) method, the electron donating activity of the glutathione produced by S. cerevisiae FF-8 cultured in the YM optimal medium was as high as that of BHT ($ 0.05\%w/v $). The antioxidative a.tivity was measured by inhibition against lipid peroxidation of rat tissues' microsomes. The results of anti-oxidant activity of the cell free extracts by S. rerevisiae FF-8 cultured in the YM optimal medium was shown in the following order . $ liver 60.98\% > kidney 56.43\% > heart 52.91\% > brain 52.13\% > testis 45.57\% > spleen 42.95\% $. In antioxidative activities determined by ferric thiocyanate method and TBA methods against lipid peroxidation, the lipid peroxidation in the control mixture increased more rapidly than the typical peroxidation curve of linoleic acid from one day. The antioxidative activity of the cell free extracts by cultivating S. cerevisine FF-8 in the YM optimal medium were higher than that of the YM basal medium. These data indicate that the cell free extracts containing a high intercellular glutathione of S. cerevisiae FF-8 cultured in YM optimal medium showed strong antioxidative capacities by DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric thiocyanate and TBARS measurements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.492-500
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• 2016

In this study, the effects of Colpomenia sinuosa (CS) extract on serum lipid level and bone formation in an ovariectomized animal model were investigated. Twenty four nine-week old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to four groups: sham-operated rats (SHAM), ovariectomized control rats (OVX-CON), and ovariectomized rats supplemented with CS extract at 50 mg/kg bw (OVX-CS50) or 200 mg/kg bw (OVX-CS200). Three OVX groups were surgically ovariectomized while the SHAM group was sham-operated. CS extract was orally administrated at 1 mL per day. Analysis of serum lipid contents found that the total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in the OVX-CON group were higher than those in the SHAM group. Notably, upon administration of CS extract after ovariectomy, triglyceride levels tended to significantly decrease. In addition, platelet aggregation ability decreased in groups treated with CS extract compared to the OVX-CON group. Serum alkaline phosphatase activity as an indicator of bone formation was lower in the CS extract group compared to the OVX-CON group. Collagen contents in bone and cartilage were reduced by ovariectomy, whereas the CS extract-supplemented groups exhibited higher concentrations in bone. According to these results, CS extract improved serum lipid parameters and osteogenesis in ovariectomized rats.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.81 no.4
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• pp.337-345
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• 1992

In this research, a kinematic wave model was applied for the runoff analysis, Regulation of streamflow was estimated by the calibration of roughness coefficient as a parameter. The data analyzed were obtained from Ananomiya and Shirasaka experimental basins at Tokyo University Forest in Aichi. Estimation methods and characteristics of roughness coefficient as a evaluation method of hydrological function of forest are summarized as follows ; 1. Roughness coefficient($N_s$) indicates the resistance of hillslope to the flowing water of surface runoff. There exists an hypothesis that resistance of hillslope to flowing water increase with the growth forest and development of the $A_o$ layer. 2. Roughness coefficient($N_s$) was estimated by the parameter when the stream direct runoff was calculated by using the kinematic wave. 3. Secular change of '$N_s$' in ananomiya has a curve which has an upper limit and increases exponentially near the limit. The curve quickly increased from 1935 to 1945 when results of afforestation for erosion control were thought to be effective. On the other hand, slight increase of '$N_s$' in Shirasaka indicates that there was not such a big change in the surface of soil layer. 4. The increase of '$N_s$' was related with decrease of direct runoff and increase of base flow. It was recognized that the rate of direct runoff decreased with the improvement of forest physiognomy and the rate of base flow was increased. But absolute value of water runoff per one storm decreased in chronological order.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.61-74
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• 2015

This study attempts to empirically examine the influence of entrepreneurial education in university on entrepreneurial intentions of undergraduate and graduate students as potential entrepreneur and new moderating factors on the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions. We suggested EO(innovativeness, risk-taking propensity, proactiveness and locus of control) and environmental factors(entrepreneurial family background and resource accessibility) as new moderating factors in the relationship. For this study, the following research questions are raised : First, is there a significant difference in entrepreneurial intentions of enrolled and unenrolled students in entrepreneurial education? Second, does entrepreneurial education affect entrepreneurial intentions positively? Finally, do EO and environmental factors have moderating effects in the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions? In order to test our research model, the current study collected data from 265 undergraduate and graduate students who are majoring in natural sciences or engineering in Seoul National Univ., Hanyang Univ., and KAIST. To investigate our research questions and hypotheses, independent-sample T-test and hierarchical regression analysis were employed. The results of empirical analysis revealed that entrepreneurial education positively related to entrepreneurial intentions and that the relationship between entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intentions moderated by EO and environmental factors. First, the result showed the significant difference in entrepreneurial intentions between enrolled and unenrolled students in entrepreneurial education. Entrepreneurial intentions of students who enrolled entrepreneurial education was higher than others. Second, entrepreneurial education affected the entrepreneurial intentions positively. Finally, the moderating effects of innovativeness, risk-taking propensity, proactiveness and entrepreneurial family background among investigated six moderators were significant. entrepreneurial education-entrepreneurial intentions relationship was even stronger under high innovativeness and high proactiveness. But risk-taking propensity and entrepreneurial family background decreased the effect of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.34-42
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• 2003

In medical imaging, three-dimensional (3D) display using Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML) as a portable file format can give intuitive information more efficiently on the World Wide Web (WWW). The web-based 3D visualization of functional images combined with anatomical images has not studied much in systematic ways. The goal of this study was to achieve a simultaneous observation of 3D anatomic and functional models with planar images on the WWW, providing their locational information in 3D space with a measuring implement using VRML. MRI and ictal-interictal SPECT images were obtained from one epileptic patient. Subtraction ictal SPECT co-registered to MRI (SISCOM) was performed to improve identification of a seizure focus. SISCOM image volumes were held by thresholds above one standard deviation (1-SD) and two standard deviations (2-SD). SISCOM foci and boundaries of gray matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the MRI volume were segmented and rendered to VRML polygonal surfaces by marching cube algorithm. Line profiles of x and y-axis that represent real lengths on an image were acquired and their maximum lengths were the same as 211.67 mm. The real size vs. the rendered VRML surface size was approximately the ratio of 1 to 605.9. A VRML measuring tool was made and merged with previous VRML surfaces. User interface tools were embedded with Java Script routines to display MRI planar images as cross sections of 3D surface models and to set transparencies of 3D surface models. When transparencies of 3D surface models were properly controlled, a fused display of the brain geometry with 3D distributions of focal activated regions provided intuitively spatial correlations among three 3D surface models. The epileptic seizure focus was in the right temporal lobe of the brain. The real position of the seizure focus could be verified by the VRML measuring tool and the anatomy corresponding to the seizure focus could be confirmed by MRI planar images crossing 3D surface models. The VRML application developed in this study may have several advantages. Firstly, 3D fused display and control of anatomic and functional image were achieved on the m. Secondly, the vector analysis of a 3D surface model was defined by the VRML measuring tool based on the real size. Finally, the anatomy corresponding to the seizure focus was intuitively detected by correlations with MRI images. Our web based visualization of 3-D fusion image and its localization will be a help to online research and education in diagnostic radiology, therapeutic radiology, and surgery applications.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.130-142
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• 2007

This study was to examine impacts of turbid water on fish community in the downstream of Yongdam Dam during the period from June to October 2006. For the research, we selected six sampling sites in the field: two sites were controls with no influences of turbid water from the dam and other remaining four sites were the stations for an assessment of potential turbid effects. We evaluated integrative health conditions throughout applications of various models such as necropsy-based fish health assessment model (FHA), Index of Biological Integrity (IBI) using fish assemblages, and Qualitative Habitat Evaluation Index (QHEI). Laboratory tests on fish exposure under 400 NTU were performed to find out impact of turbid water using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results showed that fine solid particles were clogging in the gill in the treatments, while particles were not found in the control. This results indicate that when inorganic turbidity increases abruptedly, fish may have a mechanical abrasion or respiratory blocking. The stream health condition, based on the IBI values, ranged between 38 and 48 (average: 42), indicating a "excellent" or "good" condition after the criteria of US EPA (1993). In the mean time, physical habitat condition, based on the QHEI, ranged 97 to 187 (average 154), indicating a "suboptimal condition". These biological outcomes were compared with chemical dataset: IBI values were more correlated (r=0.526, p<0.05, n=18) with QHEI rather than chemical water quality, based on turbidity (r=0.260, p>0.05, n=18). Analysis of the FHA showed that the individual health indicated "excellent condition", while QHEI showed no habitat disturbances (especially bottom substrate and embeddeness), food-web, and spawning place. Consequently, we concluded that the ecological health in downstream of Yongdam Dam was not impacted by the turbid water.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 1993

F. moniliforme MRC 826, a common fungal contaminant of com, has been known to produce a group of mycotoxins, the fumonisins. By thin layer chromatography, fumonisin $B_{1}$ was detected in the F. moniliforme MRC 826 com culture material(CM) extracts. This study was performed to compare the toxicity and carcinogenicity of F. moniliforme MRC 826 CM with those of aflatoxin $B_1(AFB_1)$ in rats. The toxicity was tested over a period of 7 days in ten female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Treatment group were fed a 1 : 1 mixture(wt/wt) of ground CM and basal diet in powder form, while other negative control group were given basal diet alone. The principal pathological changes in rats treated with 50% CM were hepatocellular hydropic degeneration and renal tubular necrosis. The cancer-promoting activity of CM was evaluated in the rat liver diethylnitrosamine-two thirds partial hepatectomy(DEN-PH) model for carcinogenesis. 70 male SO rats(ca. 170 g) were randomized into 5 groups. Group I served as the positive controls and received the basal diet containing 2 ppm $AFB_{1}$ group 2 received 5% CM, group 3 received 2.5% CM, group 4 received 5% normal com and group 5 received 2.5% normal com. 5% treated group showed cancer promoting activity in rat liver using DEN as initiator and the induction of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci as an end point after 6 weeks of promotion.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.159-177
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the segments of the body, the three dimensional anatomical angle and the angular velocity of the air born phase and understand the control mechanism of the high-bar movement, the somersault, the double somersault, the double somersault with full twist. For this study seven well trained university gymnastic volunteered, Zatsiorky and Seluyanov(1983, 1985)'s sixteen segment system anatomical model was used for this study. For the movement analysis three dimensional cinematographical method(Arial Performance Analysis System : APAS) was used and for the calculation of the kinematic variables a self developed program was used with the LabVIEW 5.1 graphical profromming(Johnson, 1999) program. By using Eular's equations the three dimensional anatomical Cardan angles of the joint and angular velocity were defined. As a result of this study 1. As the rotation of the body increased in the air born phase the projection angle of the CM of the total increased, this resulted the increased of the max hight of the CM. 2. In three dimensional angular velocity the Z axis(vertical direction) projection angular velocity increased as the rotation of the body increased in the airborn phase, but the Y axis and the X axis projection angular velocity did not show significant differences. 3. As the rotation of the body increased in the air born phase the angular movement of the shoulder and the hip showed significant change. These movement act as the starter in the preparation phase. 4. The somersault angle, the twist angle, the tilt angle of the upper body related to the global reference frame in the releas phase the average somersault angle of the three types of high-bar movement was $57.7^{\circ}$, $38.8^{\circ}$, $39.7^{\circ}$, the average tilt angle was $-1.5^{\circ}$, $-5.4^{\circ}$, $-8.4^{\circ}$, the average twist angle was $13.4^{\circ}$, $10.6^{\circ}$, $23.3^{\circ}$. This result showed that the somersault with full twist had the largest movement.