• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2020

The Korea Highway Traffic Authority provides statistics that analyze the causes of traffic accidents that occurred since 2015 using the Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS). it was reported Through TAAS that the driver's forward carelessness was the main cause of traffic accidents in 2018. As statistics on the cause of traffic accidents, 51.2 percent used mobile phones and watched DMB while driving, 14 percent did not secure safe distance, and 3.6 percent violated their duty to protect pedestrians, representing a total of 68.8 percent. In this paper, we propose a system that has improved the advanced driver assistance system ADAS (Advanced Driver Assistance Systems) by utilizing CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) among the algorithms of Deep Learning. The proposed system learns a model that classifies the movement of the driver's face and eyes using Conv2D techniques which are mainly used for Image processing, while recognizing and detecting objects around the vehicle with cameras attached to the front of the vehicle to recognize the driving environment. Then, using the learned visual steering model and driving environment data, the hazard is classified and detected in three stages, depending on the driver's view and driving environment to assist the driver with the forward and blind spots.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2010

This paper proposes a new high speed SHA-1 architecture using multiple unfolding and pre-computation techniques. We unfolds iterative hash operations to 2 continuos hash stage and reschedules computation timing. Then, the part of critical path is computed at the previous hash operation round and the rest is performed in the present round. These techniques reduce 3 additions to 2 additions on the critical path. It makes the maximum clock frequency of 118 MHz which provides throughput rate of 5.9 Gbps. The proposed architecture shows 26% higher throughput with a 32% smaller hardware size compared to other counterparts. This paper also introduces a analytical model of multiple SHA-1 architecture at the system level that maps a large input data on SHA-1 block in parallel. The model gives us the required number of SHA-1 blocks for a large multimedia data processing that it helps to make decision hardware configuration. The hs fospeed SHA-1 is useful to generate a condensed message and may strengthen the security of mobile communication and internet service.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 1991

Free amino acid(FAA), free fatty acid(FFA), and amino acid obtained by hydrolysis of protein components of cystic fluid(CF) of Cysticercus cellulosae in pig and man were analyzed. FFA was analyzed by gas chromatography using Varian model 2700, and flame ionization detector with 6 feet${\times}$1/4inch glass column. Flow rate of $N_2$ was 30 ml/min, $H_2$ was 30 ml/min, air was 350 ml/min respectively and chart speed was 1 cm/min. Amino acid was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography using Waters model 441, and fluorescence detector at 338nm/425nm with column of amino acid analyzer. Buffer A of mobile phase was pH 3.05 and pH of buffer B was 9.6 respectively. The results obtained were as follows : Seven FFAs containing 12~18 carbons were detected : Saturated fatty acids were lauric acid ($C_{12}$), myristic acid($C_{14}$), palmitic acid($C_{16}$), Stearic acid($C_{18}$). Unsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid($C_{12}^{=1}$), linoleic acid($C_{12}^{=2}$), and one unidentified fatty acid was detected. Generally much more quantity of FFA was determined in CF obtained from pig than that from man. FFA of the largest quantity was palmitic acid; 0.078 mg/ml. Eighteen FAAs were detected and the largest quantity was alanine. Ouantity of alanine was 386 ug/ml in CF from pig 108 ug/ml in CF from man respectively. while histidine in CF from pig was 273 ug/ml, that from man was only 4.3 ug/ml. Eighteen amino acids were identified by hydrolysis of protein in CF from man. But, histidine was not identified in CF from pig. Amino from pig and ug/ml from man.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.235-243
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• 2020

The more consumers feel the brand as authentic, the better the brand image and the higher the purchase intention, so companies actively seek to build brand authenticity. On the other hand, the quality of products perceived by consumers comprehensively in consideration of various factors such as performance, durability, and materials can affect brand authenticity. The purpose of this study is to present useful implications by building a research model for quality and brand authenticity from a marketing point of view, and empirical analysis. For this, product quality and brand authenticity were theoretically defined, the relationship between them was identified, and ultimately the influence of these concepts on brand image was examined. In detail, a survey was conducted on a total of 286 consumers to find out the quality of the product, authenticity of the brand, and brand image, and the product to be surveyed was S20, the latest mobile phone of S Electronics. As a result of empirical analysis, although quality had a statistically significant positive effect on brand authenticity, the degree was not greater than expected. In addition, quality had a statistically significant positive effect on brand image, and its degree was large, but when quality and brand authenticity were considered together, it was found that the regression coefficient of brand authenticity was larger than that of quality. This means a partial mediating effect of brand authenticity. Therefore, in order to enhance the brand image and purchase intention of SMEs/Venture companies, a strategy that build brand authenticity simultaneously in consideration of the components presented in this study will be more effective than a strategy that focuses only on quality. This study proposes a variety of theoretical and practical implications by empirically examining the relationship between brand authenticity and brand image perceived by consumers through quality from a marketing perspective, based on a research model that was not discussed in previous studies. In particular, this study proposes a plan to build brand authenticity from the perspective of SMEs/Ventures.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.275-288
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• 2009

The Korean government strengthened the environmental polices to manage and enhance Metropolitan Area air quality, and also has enforced "Special Act on Seoul Metropolitan Air Quality Improvement (SASMAQI)" issued in Dec. 2004. Recently government expanded the Seoul Metropolitan Air Quality Management District (SMAQMD) to the outskirts satellite cities of Seoul area through the "Revised Law Draft of SASMAQI". The SMAQMD has been alloted the allowable emission loads to the local governments on the basis of the carrying $PM_{10}$ capacity. However, in order to establish the effective air quality control strategy for $PM_{10}$, it is necessary to understand the corresponding sources which have a potential to directly impact ambient $PM_{10}$ concentration. To deal with the situations, many receptor methodologies have been developed to identify the origins of pollutants and to determine the contributions of sources of interests. The objective of this study was to extensively identify $PM_{10}$ sources and to estimate their contributions at the metropolitan area. $PM_{10}$ samples were simultaneously collected at the 3 semi-industrialized local cities in the Seoul metropolitan area such as Hwasung-si, Paju-si, and Icheon-si sites from April 15 to May 31, 2007. The samples collected on the teflon membrane filter by one $PM_{10}$ cyclone sampler were analyzed for trace metals and soluble ions and samples on the quartz fiber filter by another sampler were analyzed for OC and EC. Source apportionment study was then performed by using a positive matrix factorization (PMF) receptor model. A total of 6 sources were identified and their contributions were estimated in each monitoring site. Contribution results on Hwasung, Paju, and Icheon sites were as follows: 33%, 27%, and 27% from soil source, 26%, 26%, and 21% from secondary aerosol source, 11%, 11%, and 12% from biomass burning, 12%, 6%, and 5% from sea salt, 7%, 15%, and 19% from industrial related source, and finally 11%, 15%, and 16% from mobile and oil complex source, respectively. This study provides information on the major sources affecting air quality in the receptor sites and thus it will help to manage the ambient air quality in the metropolitan area by establishing reasonable control strategies, especially for the anthropogenic emission sources.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.501-515
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• 2008

Recently, as users' requests for high quality mobile multimedia services are rapidly increasing and additional bandwidth can be provided by adopting the hierarchical modulation transmission technology, the research on the Advanced Terrestrial DMB (AT-DMB) service using the SVC (Scalable Video Coding) scheme is being actively studied. But, in order to realize a compatible video service and to accelerate the successful standardization and commercialization, it is necessary to simplify the compatible encoder structure. In this parer, we propose a fast mode decision method by constraining the redundant coding modes in the spatial scalable encoder that keeps the current T-DMB video in base layer. The proposed method is based on the statistical characteristics of each coding mode at both base and enhancement layers, inter-layer predictions, which are derived by investigating macroblock-layer coding modes of the spatial scalable encoder's functional structure. Through computer simulations, it is shown that a simplified encoder model that reduces the heavy computational burden can be found, while keeping the objective visual quality very high.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.401-411
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• 2005

This study was conducted to develop a method to be able to estimate the vehicular emissions according to spatial scales-Seoul province, 25 counties and hundreds of grids $(1km{\times}1km)$. First, the emissions at each spatial scale was calculated by using the road network and the travel volume and speed of each link modeled by travel demand model (TDM). Second, the emission at each spatial scale was calculated on the basis of average speeds estimated by using three kinds of averaging method. These are called the provincial, volume-delay function (VDF) and zonal method, respectively. Third, three kinds of emissions and those by TDM are compared each other at three spatial scales. In Seoul (provincial scale), three kinds of emissions are less than those by TDM, but the differences of TDM from three speed averaging methods (SAMs) are small. The relative ratios of three SAMs to TDM are $88\~90\%\;in\;CO,\;99\~100\%\;in\;NOx,\;84\~85\%$ in VOCs. At county scale, NOx among three pollutants showed the highest correlation between TDM and three SAMs and the zonal method among three SAMs was proven to be the highest correlation with TDM. NOx showed the coefficients $(R^2)$ greater than 0.9 in all three SAMs but CO and VOC showed the coefficients $(R^2)$ greater than 0.9 in only zonal method. Slopes of co..elations of all pollutants showed the values close to '1' in zonal method. In the other two SAMs, slopes of NOx showed the values close to '1', but those of CO and VOC showed the values less than 0.85. At grid scale, correlations between TDM and three SAMs were not high. CO showed $0.68\~0.77\;in\;R^2s\;and\;58\~0.68$ in slopes. NOx showed $0.90\~0.94\;in\;R^2s\;and\;0.86\~0.94$ in slopes. VOC showed $0.56\~0.70\;in\;R^2s\;and\;0.48\~0.57$ in slopes. There are not high correlations between TDM and three SAMs in grid scale. This study showed that there is the most suitable method for calculating the average travel speed at each spatial scale and it is thought that the zonal method is more suitable than the VDF or provincial method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.71-79
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• 2011

The objective of the imaging pipeline is to transform the original scene into a display image that appear similar, Generally, gamma adjustment or histogram-based method is modified to improve the contrast and detail. However, this is insufficient as the intensity and the chromaticity of illumination vary with geometric position. Thus, MSR (Multi-Scale Retinex) has been proposed. the MSR is based on a channel-independent logarithm, and it is dependent on the scale of the Gaussian filter, which varies according to input image. Therefore, after correcting the color, image quality degradations, such as halo, graying-out, and dominated color, may occur. Accordingly, this paper presents a novel color correction method using a modified image formation model in which the image is divided into three components such as global illumination, local illumination, and reflectance. The global illumination is obtained through Gaussian filtering of the original image, and the local illumination is estimated by using JND-based adaptive filter. Thereafter, the reflectance is estimated by dividing the original image by the estimated global and the local illumination to remove the influence of the illumination effects. The output image is obtained based on sRGB color representation. The experiment results show that the proposed method yields better performance of color correction over the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.48 no.11
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• pp.35-43
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a novel architecture for seamless mobility management to provide users with seamless Internet connection when users roam between diverse wireless local area networks (WLANS) controlled by different management entities. There have been many researches in IETF, i.e., MIPv6, HMIPv6, and PMIPv6, to provide the mobility management. However, practically since wireless access points or access routers, which are managed by an individual manager or ISP managers, have different authentication scheme and the supported mobility management, the previous mobility management protocol developed by IETF can not guarantee the quality of service of application services as the mobile node performs the handover. To solve this drawback, we propose the mobility management scheme to provide QoS-guaranteed Internet services during the handover by configurating the wireless networks which is defined by users. More specifically, we present a model, the architecture and an algorithm for user-defined network (UDN) to provide the seamless Internet service. Finally, the performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by the network simulation tool.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.7 s.110
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• pp.803-812
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• 2006

This paper analytically evaluates the FEC(Forward Error Correction) symbol size's effect on the performance and energy consumption of 802.11 protocol with the block FEC algorithm over WSN(Wireless Sensor Network). Since the basic recovery unit of block FEC algorithms is symbols not bits, the FEC symbol size affects the packet correction rate even with the same amount of FEC check bits over a given WSN channel. Precisely, when the same amount of FEC check bits are allocated, the small-size symbols are effective over channels with frequent short bursts of propagation errors while the large ones are good at remedying the long rare bursts. To estimate the effect of the FEC symbol site, the paper at first models the WSN channel with Gilbert model based on real packet traces collected over TIP50CM sensor nodes and measures the energy consumed for encoding and decoding the RS (Reed-Solomon) code with various symbol sizes. Based on the WSN channel model and each RS code's energy expenditure, it analytically calculates the transmission efficiency and power consumption of 802.11 equipped with RS code. The computational analysis combined with real experimental data shows that the RS symbol size makes a difference of up to 4.2% in the transmission efficiency and 35% in energy consumption even with the same amount of FEC check bits.