• Advanced Composite Materials
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2009

In this work, the structural response of thin-walled composite beams with pretwist angle is investigated by using a mixed beam approach that combines the stiffness and flexibility methods in a unified manner. The Reissner's semi-complimentary energy functional is used to derive the stiffness matrix that approximates the beam in an Euler-Bernoulli level for extension and bending and Vlasov level for torsion. The bending and torsion-related warpings induced by the pretwist effects are derived in a closed form. The developed theory is validated with available literature and detailed finite element structural analysis results using the MSC/NASTRAN. Pretwisted composite beams with rectangular solid and thin-walled box sections are illustrated to validate the current approach. Acceptable correlation has been achieved for cases considered in this study. The effects of pretwist and fiber orientation angles on the static behavior of pretwisted composite beams are also studied.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.125-140
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• 1997

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of compost mixed with microorganism compost fermented for the production of high quality plug seedlings of tomato and red pepper. The results are summarized as follows. As a result of compost analysis, EC value was increased with increment of microorganism compost supplemented but lowered gradually in the late period of seedlings growth, pH value of microorganism compost fermented was 9.3 which is strong alkalinity. In the plot of 30 percent of microorganism compost fermented early growth of tomato seedlings was better in terms of plant height, leaf area and total dry weight. However, early growth of red pepper seedlings was shown in the plot of supplemented with 20 percent of microorganism compost fermented. The higher the mixing rate over 60 percent of micrroganism compost fermented to the soil used retarded the seedlings growth regardless of tomato and red pepper.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.1
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• pp.37-42
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• 2006

The paper discusses the combined use of softwood and eucalyptus kraft pulps in the production of printing and writing papers. Looking for process and paper quality optimization, refining pilot plant trails were carried to identify the effects of refining type (mixed or separate) and intensities (specific edge load), and also furnish composition (amount of each pulp in mixture) on final paper quality and process costs. The basic effects on pulp fibers were evaluated against paper quality properties, such as physical strengths, bulk, vessel picking, opacity and porosity, as well as the interactions with papermaking process, such as estimates of paper machine runnability, paper breaks and industrial refining control. The results show that the furnish composition and the type of refining has a significant effect on properties related with both final paper quality and total costs. The best alternative for printing and writing papers was identified for mixed refining, under the lowest refining intensity, and with the highest dosage of eucalyptus pulp.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.249-253
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• 2000

Data obtained from a cruise from 4~12 December, 1998 was analyzed to estimate the mixing effects of wind, surface cooling, and tide. A band denoting a mixing area with a temperature difference of less than 1$^{\circ}C$ between the sea surface and the bottom extended 40~60 km from the coast into the open sea, following 125$^{\circ}$ 30\` E in longitude. This band was divided into two areas; a well-mixed area close to the coast and a stratified region in the open sea. The mixing effect due to the wind was only 2%, yet the mixing effect due to the tides was about 68%. This indicates that surface cooling and tides were the major factors involved in the mixing mechanism on the west coast during the cooling season.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.642-647
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• 1998

A Poisson error model as a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) has been suggested for genetic analysis of counted observations. One of the assumptions in this model is the normality for random effects. Since this assumption is not always appropriate, a more flexible model is needed. For count traits, a Poisson hierarchical generalized linear model (HGLM) that does not require the normality for random effects was proposed. In this paper, a Poisson-Gamma HGLM was examined along with corresponding analytical methods. While a difficulty arises with Poisson GLMM in making inferences to the expected values of observations, it can be avoided with the Poisson-Gamma HGLM. A numerical example with simulated embryo yield data is presented.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.971-978
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• 2009

Poisson generalized linear mixed models(GLMMs) have been widely used for the analysis of clustered or correlated count data. For the inference marginal likelihood, which is obtained by integrating out random effects is often used. It gives maximum likelihood(ML) estimator, but the integration is usually intractable. In this paper, we propose how to obtain the ML estimator via Laplace approximation based on hierarchical-likelihood (h-likelihood) approach under the Poisson GLMMs. In particular, the h-likelihood avoids the integration itself and gives a statistically efficient procedure for various random-effect models including GLMMs. The proposed method is illustrated using two practical examples and simulation studies.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2003

Quite often normality assumptions are not satisfied in practical applications. In this paper, an estimated generalized least squares(EGLS) analysis are considered in two way mixed linear models with arbitrary types of distributions for random effects. We investigate the power performance of EGLS analysis based on Henderson's method III, ML, REML and MINQUE(1). The power performances depend on the imbalance of design, on the actual values of ratio of variance components, and on the skewness and kurtosis parameters of the underlying distributions slightly. Results of our limited simulation study suggest that the EGLS F-statistics using four estimators and arbitrary distributions produce similar type I error rates and power performance.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.479-484
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• 2007

The purpose of this research was to investigate effects of mixed extract of Ginseng Radix and Angelicae gigantis Radix on activity of murine splenocytes and macrophages. GAE (300 mg/kg) was administered p.o. for 7 days. GAE decreased the viability of murine splenocytes in vivo. Also, GAE enhanced the population of $Thy1^+$ cells in splenocytes and the population of splenic $CD4^+$ cells. Furthermore, GAE increased the production of ${\Upsilon}$-interferon from splenocytes. GAE enhanced the production of nitric oxide and the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages. These results suggest that GAE regulates the immune response via activation of splenic Th1 cells and peritoneal macrophages.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 1988

The effects of altering the hepatic mixed-function oxidase(MFO) activities on the acute toxicity of parathion were examined in female rats. Phenobarbital sodium pretreatment (50mg/kg/day, i.p.) for 4 consecutive days has resulted in significant decreases in the toxicity of parathion (2 or 4 mg/kg, i.p.) as determined by lethality and cholinesterase activities wheras the toxicity arising from a single dose of CCl4(2 mmol/kg, i.p.) 24 hr prior to parathion challenge was potentiated.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.153-158
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• 2016

This paper aims to discuss the Non Darcy boundary layer flow of non-conducting viscous fluid with magnetic ferroparticles over a permeable linearly stretching surface with ohmic dissipation and mixed convective heat transfer. A magnetic dipole is applied "a" distance below the surface of stretching sheet. The governing equations are modeled. Similarity transformation is used to convert the system of partial differential equations to a system of non-linear but ordinary differential equations. The ODEs are solved numerically. The effects of sundry parameters on the flow properties like velocity, pressure, skin-friction coefficient and Nusselt number are presented. It is deduced the frictional resistance of Lorentz force decreases with stronger electric field and the trend reverses for temperature. Skin friction coefficient increase with increase in ferromagnetic interaction parameter. Whereas, Nusselt number decrease.