• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.103-110
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• 1991

This study was conducted to determine riboflavin status of young healthy Korean women. Eight subjects consumed general Korean diet for 3 weeks. Riboflavin intake was measured during the period and Erythrocyte Glutathione Reductase Activity coefficient (EGRAC) was analyzed at the end of experimental period. The subjects who showed EGRAC value above 1.20 were supplemented 6 mg riboflavin per day for 1 week. The average age of subjects was 22.1 years old, height was 154.4cm, weight was 49.2kg, chest circumference was 81.2cm, the sum of skinfold thickness of 3 parts was 79.5mm and Body Mass Index(BMI) was 20.6. Hemoglobin concentration was 13.0g/100ml, hematocrit value was 44.0% A/G ratio was 1.4, and the activity of sGOT, sGPT, alkaline phosphatase was 14.3, 11.0 and 6.5, respectively. The average daily intake of energy, protein and riboflavin was 1745kcal, 56.1g and 1.14mg, respectively. The mjor source of riboflavin were milk, egg, Korean cabbage, rice, beef and so on. The average EGRAC value was 1.2748. percentages of subjects who showed EGRAC value above 1.20 was 65.2%. After oral administration of 6mg riboflavin, the EGRAC value of all these subjects was returned to normal range. Riboflavin intake was correlated positively with energy as well as protein intake, and correlated negatively with EGRAC value. However, riboflavin intake per 1,000kcal was not correlated with EGRAC value.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.191-205
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• 1995

The carrier materials used for the development of bacterial inoculants to be effective in field were made with various carrier materials of two major forms, alginate bead and powder inoculants. Inoculants were prepared after mixing those carrier materials with Pseudomonas fluorescens SSL3 and Bacillus subtilis B5, and the treatment effects of each inoculants was investigated on cucumber, tomato, pepper and potato. Survival density of SSL3 and B5 in various carrier materials for duration of storage and the bead inoculants were better than the powder. In the powders, survival rate increased in carrier materials treated 5% skimilk. The growth condition of microorganisms in carrier materials is good at powder. When they were preserved in the long period, contamination is problem. Scanning(200 to 600nm) of the P. fluorescens SSL3 supernatant in centrifuged MKB broth incubated for 48h had two main peaks, pyochelin(300nm) and pyoverdin(400nm). The potato yield in field experiments of spring, treated with bead formulas showed increase of 22~29% in whole potato breeds as compared with control, because the bead formulas degraded, and released the antibiotic microorganisms in slow and constant rate. In the pot experiment, there were significant difference in soil, wheatbran, and bead formed wheatbran.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.853-858
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• 2011

The cultivation methods are important for determining crop yield of green manure. The effect of cultivation methods of green manure crops (GMC) on biomass and rice yield was investigated. This experiment was conducted at Sinheung series (fine loamy, mixed, nonacid, mesic family of Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts from Oct. 2007 to Oct. 2008 at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Suwon, Gyeonggi province, Korea. Seven GMC (hairy vetch, barley, Chinese milk vetch, rye, crimson clover, oats, rattail fescue) were cultivated and incorporated on paddy soil by broadcasting before rice harvesting (BBRH) and partial tillage seeding (PTS). Among the three leguminous GMC, the biomass and N production were the highest at the hairy vetch of PTS. Among the four gramineae GMC, the biomass and N production tended to be higher in the rye of BBRH and barley of PTS. The C/N ratio (56.5~74.2) of rye was high compared with hairy vetch (14.1). Among the GMC, the incorporation of hairy vetch increased $NH_4$-N contents in rice paddy soil at 14 and 42 days after transplanting. These results showed that hairy vetch had no significant to rice yield compared with conventional fertilization. Therefore, hairy vetch seems to be the most efficient green manure crop as an alternatives to chemical N fertilizer in the central regions of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.80-86
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• 2017

'Jungmo2501' (Avena sativa L.), a winter oat for forage use, was developed by the breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2010. The following is the characteristics of 'Jungmo2501' that is characterized as light green leaf, yellow brown culm and whitish yellow grain. The heading date of 'Jungmo2501' was about 3 days earlier than that of check cultivar 'Samhan'(May 7 and May 10, respectively). Its plant height was 11 cm longer than 103 cm of the check, and the leaf blade ratio of aerial parts was 26 % higher than the check (11.8% and 9.4%, respectively). The cold tolerance, resistance to lodging and wet injury of 'Jungmo2501' were similar to those of the check. The average forage dry matter yield of 'Jungmo2501' harvested at milk-ripe stage was 5% higher than the check ($15.5ton\;ha^{-1}$ and $14.7ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). 'Jungmo2501' was higher than the check in terms of protein content (6.6% and 5.9%, respectively), neutral detergent fiber (58.5% and 57.6%, respectively), and acid detergent fiber (34.5% and 32.1%, respectively), while total digestible nutrients was lower than the check (61.6% and 63.6%, respectively), and TDN yield was $0.37ton\;ha^{-1}$ more than that of the check ($9.71ton\;ha^{-1}$ and $9.34ton\;ha^{-1}$, respectively). The silage grade of 'Jungmo2501' estimated by Flig score showed level II, meaning good quality. Fall sowing cropping of 'Jungmo2501' is recommended only for areas where average daily minimum mean temperatures in January are higher than $-6^{\circ}C$.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.346-354
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• 2011

This study was carried out to fortify the antimicrobial activity of yoghurt by adding liquorice extract to it. The liquorice extracts (1 mg/mL) showed relatively high antibacterial activity against H. pylori KCCM 40449 (p < 0.05). The solvent liquorice extracts of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against H. pylori KCCM 40449 were 25- 100 ${\mu}g$/mL. Lactobacillus amylovorus DU-21 with high EPS production ability were inoulated to milk after the addition of different amounts of liquorice extracts (0.0%, 0.05%, 0.1% and 0.2%). The physico-chemical characteristics of yoghurts added with liquorice extracts were examined. The initial pH, titratable acidity, viscosity and viable cell counts of the yoghurt added liquorice extracts were 3.41-3.51, 1.021-1.091%, 1,686-1,930 cp and 9.41-9.38 Log CFU/mL, respectively. The viscosity and syneresis of yoghurt were better than that of the control. Antimicrobial activity against H. pylori KCCM 40449 increased with increasing addition of liquorice extract. However, the sensory score of yoghurt added with different amounts of liquorice extracts was lower than that of the control (p < 0.05). As a result of the sensory evaluations, the flavor, taste, texture, color and overall acceptability of the yoghurt with 0.05% liquorice extract were found to be much better than those of the other groups (p < 0.05). Overall, the optimal amount of liquorice extract added in the manufacture of yoghurt was 0.05% of the total weight. Further studies on increment of antimicrobial activity and palatability of liquorice extract added yoghurt are necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.342-353
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• 2019

Purpose: The Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs) suggest that the goal for the intake of sodium should be less than 2,000 mg, which is thought to be infeasible to achieve when eating the typical Korean diet. This study aimed to obtain the new intake goals for sodium with improved feasibility to achieve, and also to design optimized food intake patterns for Korean adults by performing linear programming. Methods: The data from a one day 24-hour dietary recall of the 2010 ~ 2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey were used to quantify food items that Korean adults usually consumed. These food items were categorized into seven groups and 24 subgroups. The mean intakes and intake distributions of the food groups and the food subgroups were calculated for eight age (19 ~ 29, 30 ~ 49, 50 ~ 64, and over 65 years old) and gender (male and female) groups. A linear programming model was constructed to minimize the difference between the optimized intakes and the mean intakes of the food subgroups while meeting KDRIs for energy and 13 nutrients, and not exceeding the typical quantities of each of the food subgroups consumed by the respective age and gender groups. As an initial solution of the linear programming, the optimized intake of seasonings, including salt, was calculated as 0 g for all the age and gender groups when the sodium constraint was inserted not to exceed 2,000 mg. Therefore, the sodium constraint was progressively increased by 100 mg until the optimized intake of seasoning was obtained as the values closest to the $25^{th}$ percentile of the intake distribution of seasonings for the respective age and gender groups. Results: The optimized food intake patterns were mathematically obtained by performing linear programming when the sodium constraint values were 3,600 mg, 4,500 mg, 4,200 mg, 3,400 mg, 2,800 mg, 3,100 mg, 3,100 mg, and 2,500 mg for the eight age and gender groups. Conclusion: The optimized food intake patterns for Korean adults were designed by performing linear programming after increasing the sodium constraint values from 2,000 mg to 2500 ~ 4,500 mg according to the age and gender groups. The resulting patterns suggest that current diets should be modified to increase the intake of vegetables for all the groups, milk/dairy products for the female groups, and fruits for the female groups except for the females aged 50 ~ 64 years.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.369-382
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• 2019

Purpose: We evaluate the influence of the types of coffee beverage on obesity and abdominal obesity in Korean adults who were aged 19 years or over by using the 2013 ~ 2016 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Methods: Specific questions were asked about frequency of coffee intake, the type of coffee beverage, the addition of milk and/or sugar to coffee by using the food frequency questionnaire of the 2013 ~ 2016 KNHANES. Results: We found that coffee intake increased the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity. After multivariable adjustment, coffee consumption increased the risk of obesity by 1.30 (95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.57) in the group that drank coffee twice a day, and 1.33 (95% CI: 1.11 ~ 1.60) in the people who drank coffee ${\geq}3$ times a day as compared to that of the non-coffee intake group. The risk of abdominal obesity increased to 1.27 (95% CI: 1.02 ~ 1.57) in the < 1 time/day coffee drinking group, 1.34 (95% CI: 1.08 ~ 1.66) in the 1 time/day coffee drinking group, 1.35 (95% CI: 1.09 ~ 1.67) in the 2 times/day coffee drinking group, and 1.40 (95% CI: 1.14 ~ 1.72) in the ${\geq}3$ times/day coffee drinking group as compared to that of the non-coffee drinking group. The influence of black coffee intake was different according to gender: males showed a high prevalence of abdominal obesity and females showed a high prevalence of obesity. Mixed coffee consumption increased the risk of obesity and abdominal obesity by more than 34% in men who consumed coffee more than 3 times a day and in women who consumed coffee more than 2 times per day. Conclusions: We found that coffee intake, regardless of the type of coffee, increased the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity. It is necessary to refrain from drinking coffee to prevent obesity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.97-106
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• 2018

This study aimed at examining the suitability of $Tenax^{(R)}$ for the migration testing of food packaging materials, which is currently approved in the EU as a dry food simulant. The results are used as a basis to examine the feasibility of introducing $Tenax^{(R)}$ to Korean regulation. The OMVs of test specimen into various solvents (diethyl ether, ethanol, pentane, and acetone) after exposure to $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr were compared. Diethyl ether showed the highest OMV ($1.33mg/dm^2$) among the solvents tested. When the tests were conducted with different amounts of $Tenax^{(R)}$ of 2, 4, or 8 g per specimen, the OMVs were 0.75, 1.33 and $1.40mg/dm^2$, respectively. The OMV obtained with a closed system after wrapping with aluminum foil showed a significantly higher OMV ($1.61mg/dm^2$) than that without aluminum wrapping ($1.318mg/dm^2w$) and an open system without lid ($1.06mg/dm^2$). The specific migration rates of surrogates spiked in the polyethylene test film and paper samples into $Tenax^{(R)}$ were compared with those into liquid food simulants including 95% ethanol and n-heptane, and actual foods such as starch, skim milk, and sugar. In general, the specific migration levels of surrogates into $Tenax^{(R)}$ were similar compared with n-heptane, however those were significantly higher than into actual foods. These results suggest that $Tenax^{(R)}$ may be used as a food simulant for the long-term preservation of dried foods and paper products. However, more studies need to be conducted to investigate the factors influencing the migration into $Tenax^{(R)}$, such as the types of foods and packaging materials tested, migration conditions, and surrogates properties etc.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.10-22
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• 2021

Purpose: Key Foods refers to foods that have a high contribution in the nutrient intake of individuals, and exert important effects on their health. This study was undertaken to identify Korean Key Foods, using data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). Methods: The data source for the extraction of Key Foods was the 24-hour dietary survey data obtained from the 7th KNHNES (2016-2018), and 21,271 subjects were evaluated. A total of 17 nutrients were selected as the key nutrients for identifying the Key Foods, including energy, carbohydrates, protein, lipid, dietary fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin C, cholesterol, and sugars. The nutrient consumption approach was applied to generate a list of potential Key Foods. Foods included in 85% of the cumulative intake contribution from one or more key nutrients, were subsequently selected as Key Foods. Results: Of the 1,728 foods consumed by survey respondents, we extracted 728 Key Foods. These Key Foods explained 94% key nutrient intakes of the subjects. Based on the contribution rate to key nutrient intake, the top 10 Key Foods identified were multigrain rice (5.32%), plain white rice (4.23%), milk (3.3%), cabbage kimchi (2.82%), grilled pork belly (1.56%), apples (1.52%), fried eggs (1.49%), cereal (1.36%), instant coffee mix (1.21%), and sweet potatoes (1.12%). These 10 foods accounted for 23.93% total key nutrient intake of the survey respondents. Conclusion: Seven hundred and twenty-eight foods were extracted and identified as the 2020 Korean Key Foods. These Key Foods can be considered the priority foods to be analyzed for establishing a national nutrient database.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.55-62
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• 2020

A 22-month-old girl who had taken iron supplements due to iron deficiency anemia, presented bloody mucoid stool for one month. She had a bruise at the right periorbital area due to minor trauma and hepatosplenomegaly. Laboratory studies showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP), hypophosphatemia, decreased haptoglobin, hypocomplementemia, negative direct/indirect Coomb's test, normal vitamin D3 level and high PTHi. Wrist x-ray showed no signs of rickets. The abdominal ultrasound showed only accessory spleen. Tandem mass spectrometry was normal. During follow up, bloody stool regressed after seven days of withdrawal of iron supplement and cow milk, and the total CO2 level had been within 15-20 mEq/L with normal anion gap. NGS (next generation sequencing) panel test for evaluation of renal tubular acidosis showed negative results. After low dose steroid and vitamin D supplements under the impression of hypocomplementemic vasculitis, thrombocytopenia, C3/C4, decreased haptoglobin, and elevated ALP level became normal. At 57 months of age, laboratory findings showed elevated liver enzyme, ALP and gamma-glutamyl transferase again. And liver cirrhosis with splenomegaly and diffuse renal disease were reported with abdomen CT scan. Liver biopsy reported macro- and micronodular cirrhosis. Urine organic acid profile showed elevated succinylacetone level. Whole exome sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous mutations (NM_00137.2:c.107T>C, NM_00137, 2:c.614T>C) in FAH gene and confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed as chronic hereditary tyrosinemia type I. She started low phenylalanine/tyrosine diet and nitisinone treatment. Our case had presented symptoms very slowly, which is the first case of chronic tyrosinemia type I in South Korea.