Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.20909/kopast.2018.24.3.97

Suitability of Migration Testing for Food Packaging Materials Using Tenax®  

Kim, Hyeong-Jun (Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Bang, Dae Young (Lotte R&D center)
Kim, Min Ho (Lotte R&D center)
Lee, Keun Taik (Department of Food Processing and Distribution, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Publication Information
KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY / v.24, no.3, 2018 , pp. 97-106 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study aimed at examining the suitability of $Tenax^{(R)}$ for the migration testing of food packaging materials, which is currently approved in the EU as a dry food simulant. The results are used as a basis to examine the feasibility of introducing $Tenax^{(R)}$ to Korean regulation. The OMVs of test specimen into various solvents (diethyl ether, ethanol, pentane, and acetone) after exposure to $100^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr were compared. Diethyl ether showed the highest OMV ($1.33mg/dm^2$) among the solvents tested. When the tests were conducted with different amounts of $Tenax^{(R)}$ of 2, 4, or 8 g per specimen, the OMVs were 0.75, 1.33 and $1.40mg/dm^2$, respectively. The OMV obtained with a closed system after wrapping with aluminum foil showed a significantly higher OMV ($1.61mg/dm^2$) than that without aluminum wrapping ($1.318mg/dm^2w$) and an open system without lid ($1.06mg/dm^2$). The specific migration rates of surrogates spiked in the polyethylene test film and paper samples into $Tenax^{(R)}$ were compared with those into liquid food simulants including 95% ethanol and n-heptane, and actual foods such as starch, skim milk, and sugar. In general, the specific migration levels of surrogates into $Tenax^{(R)}$ were similar compared with n-heptane, however those were significantly higher than into actual foods. These results suggest that $Tenax^{(R)}$ may be used as a food simulant for the long-term preservation of dried foods and paper products. However, more studies need to be conducted to investigate the factors influencing the migration into $Tenax^{(R)}$, such as the types of foods and packaging materials tested, migration conditions, and surrogates properties etc.
Keywords
$Tenax^{(R)}$; Overall migration; Specific migration; Food simulant; Food packaging materials;
Citations & Related Records
연도 인용수 순위
  • Reference
1 Han, W., Yu, Y., Li, N., and Wang, L. 2014. Kinetic migration of 4-cumylphenol and 4-t-butylphenyl salicylate from paper packaging to dry simulant Tenax TA. Chinese J. Chromatography. 32: 1349-1355.   DOI
2 Aurela, B., Ohra-aho, T., and Soderhjelm, L. 2001. Migration of alkylbenzenes from packaging into food and $Tenax^{(R)}$. Packag. Technol. Sci. 14: 71-78.   DOI
3 Reinasa J. I., Oliveirabc, J., Pereiraa, F., MachadobM, F., and Pocas. M. F. 2012. Migration of two antioxidants from packaging into a solid food and into $Tenax^{(R)}$. Food Control. 28: 333-337.   DOI
4 Zurfluh, M., Biedermann, M., and Grob, K. 2013 Simulation of the migration of mineral oil from recycled paperboard into dry foods by $Tenax^{(R)}$. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 30: 909-918.   DOI
5 Aznar, M., Vera, P., Canellas, E., Nerin, C., Mercea, P., and Stormer, A. 2011. Composition of the adhesives used in food packaging multilayer materials and migration studies from packaging to food. J. Mater. Chem. 21: 4358-4370.   DOI
6 Nerin, C., Alfaro, P., Aznar, M. and Domeno, C. 2013. The challenge of identifying non-intentionally added substances from food packaging materials: A review. Analytica Chimica Acta 775: 14-24.   DOI
7 Lee, C. S., Lee, K. T., and Lee, K. H. 1997. Migration of additives from domestic plastic food contact materials and application of alternative fatty food simulant. J. Fd. Hyg. Safety 12: 132-140.
8 Lee, K. T. and Lee, C. S. 1999. Comparison of the current migration testing regulations for plastic containers and packaging materials in EU, USA and Korea or Japan. Korean J. Packag. Sci. Tech. 5: 42-58.
9 Nerin, C., Contin, E., and Asensio, E. 2007. Kinetic migration studies using porapak as solid-food simulant to assess the safety of paper and board as food-packaging materials. Anal. Bioanal Chem. 387: 2283-2288.   DOI
10 Lin, Q. B., Wang, T. J., Song, H., and Wang, R. Z. 2011. Kinetic migration of isothiazolinone biocides from paper packaging to tenax and porapak. Food Addit. Contam. 28: 1294-1301.   DOI
11 Van Den Houwe, K., Evrard, K. C., Van Loco, J., Lynen, F., and Van Hoeck, E. 2016. Migration of photoinitiators from cardboard into dry food: Evaluation of $Tenax^{(R)}$ as a food simulant. Food Addit. Contam. 33: 913-920.   DOI
12 EC (European Commission). Commission Directive 97/48/ EC of 29 July 1997 amending for the second time Council Directive 82/71 1/EEC laying down the basic rules necessary for testing migration of the constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs. No L 222/10.
13 Triantafyllou, V. I., Akrida-Demertzi, K., and Demertzis, P. G. 2002. Migration studies from recycled paper packaging materials: Development of an analytical method for rapid testing. Analytica Chimica Acta 467: 253-260.   DOI
14 Nerin, C. and Asensio, E. 2007. Migration of organic compounds from a multilayer plastic-paper material intended for food packaging. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 389: 589-596.   DOI
15 Aurela, B., Kulmala, H., and Soederhjelm, L. 1999. Phthalates in paper and board packaging and their migration into $Tenax^{(R)}$ and sugar. Food Addit. Contam. 16: 571-577.   DOI
16 Aurela, B., Kulmala, H., and Soederhjelm, L. 2001. Investigation of migration from paper and board into food-development of methods for rapid testing. Food Addit. Contam. 16: 571-578.
17 Suciu, N. A., Tiberto, F., Vasileiadis, S., Lamastra, L., and Trevisan, M. 2013. Recycled paper-paperboard for food contact materials: Contaminants suspected and migration into foods and food simulant. Food Chem. 141: 4146-4151.   DOI
18 Bradley, E. L., Castle, L., and Speck, D. R. 2015. A Comparison of the migration of 'Spiked' and 'Intrinsic' substances from paper and board into raisins and into $Tenax^{(R)}$ as a food simulant. Packag. Technol. Sci. 28: 509-517.   DOI
19 Korean Ministry of Food and Drug Safety. 2018. Standards and Specifications for Articles, Containers and Packages. pp. 104-109.
20 Bradley, E. L., Castle, L., and Speck, D. R. 2014. Model studies of migration from paper and board into fruit and vegetables and into $Tenax^{(R)}$ as a food simulant food addit. Contam. Part A. 31: 1301-1309.
21 Summerfield, W. and Cooper, I. 2001. Investigation of migration from paper and board into food-development of methods for rapid testing. Food Addit. Contam. Part A. 18: 77-88.   DOI
22 European commission, technical guidelines for compliance testing-annexes: draft for consultation. Joint Research Center. 249-264. 2014.
23 EC. 2011. Commission Regulation (EU) No. 10/2011. Official Journal of European Union.
24 Arvanitoyannis, I. S. and Stratakos, A. C. 2011. Migration from Food Packaging Materials in Technologies of Preservation of Food and Food Packaging (in Greek). Thessaloniki, Hellas (Greece): University Studio Press.
25 Pocas, M. F., Oliveira, J. C., Pereira, J. R., Brandsch, R., and Hogg, T. 2011. Modelling migration from paper into food stimulant. Food Control 22: 303-312.   DOI
26 Triantafyllou, V. I., Akrida-Demertzi, K., and Demertzi, P. G. 2005. Determination of partition behavior of organic surrogates between paperboard packaging materials and air. J. Chromatography. A. 1077: 74-79.   DOI