• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
• /
• v.12 no.2
• /
• pp.112-120
• /
• 2007

This paper reviews the use of parasites as 'biological tags' for studying stock analysis of salmonid fishes. Numerous definitions of stock concepts exist, but most of them essentially define a group of fish as having similar biological characteristics and being self-reproducing as stocks. It is important to manage fish stocks for human consumption and sustainable production and especially for salmonid fishes. Because these fry are considered as each country's property, it is necessary to identify and discriminate each fish stock in the open sea. Methods of separating fish stocks are very diverse. Artificial tags, parasites, otoliths scales and genetic characters have been used for stock analysis and each method has advantages and disadvantages. Of these parasites can be good biological tags because they are applied by nature at no cost. Parasites can be infected with susceptible host fishes when they enter into certain areas. Then if they move to the outside and are caught researchers can infer that the fish had been in the endemic area for a period of time during their life. Hence the host fish can be considered as naturally 'tagged' by parasites. However, if they do not pass the parasites-endemic. area, they will harbour no parasites. Therefore, researchers can discriminate each fish stocks and trace their migration routes with these biological tags. In this paper, several examples on the use of parasites as biological tags for studying salmonids, as well as other species, are listed. The advantages and limitations of parasites as biological tags are also discussed. Chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), the main salmonid species migrating to Korea, is distributed all around the North Pacific. Korean chum salmon are generally thought to move to the Sea of Okhotsk, the western North Pacific and the Bering Sea. However, there is no clear information on the distribution and migration pathways of Korean chum salmon, and no markers exist for separating them from others yet. Recent Korean chum salmon stock analysis including parasites information are mentioned.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
• /
• v.24 no.3
• /
• pp.201-219
• /
• 2012

The estuaries bank of Nakdong River, Korea, was constructed in 1987 and many arguments have been under discussion on the subject of ecological impact on ecosystem during 20 years. In this context, however, it was not focused on the role of fish-way and the way of improvement to promote fish movement to complete its life history. This paper was the result of investigation on fish fauna of upper and lower part of the bank and the analysis of comparison of the fishes with those using fish-way which were installed in each side of bank as ladder type and fish gate. The authors discussed the importance of fish gate and its management base on the result. The number of fishes collected in this study for upper part of estuaries bank was 31 species, among them 71% was the pure freshwater residents indicating the characteristics of the area as a freshwater ecosystem. It was observed that 9 species of coastal fishes were found in this region including Coilia ectens and Neosalanx sp. which is anadromous to spawn. Excluding 6 freshwater fishes, 30 fish species collected in lower part of estuaries bank were coastal fishes indicating that former brackish ecosystem was changed into marine one. The freshwater fishes found in this region were restricted the appearance only in the season of discharging freshwater into the sea. The number of fishes found in fish-way was 39 species, more than that of river and coast. But only 19 species founded in fish ladder was comparable with the result of investigation on fish gate including 32 species. It was considered that the fish gate has more important role as a fish passage from the fact that only it allowed to movement of numerous number of fry of Neosalanx sp. and Engraulis japonicus. These results indicates that two-way movement system is more efficient than downward only one in estuaries bank for fish migration.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.27 no.4
• /
• pp.437-448
• /
• 2013

The ichthyofauna and fish community were studied in Daecheon Stream from April to October 2012. During the survey period a total of 42 species belonging to 13 families were collected. Dominant species by number was Zacco platypus(32.3%) and Tridentiger brevispinis(12.8%). In biomass, the dominant species was Z. platypus(27.7%) and Chelon haematocheilus(11.9%). Also, eight Korean endemic fish species and one endangered species (Rhodeus pseudosericeus) were collected. In addition, two exotic species(Carassius cuvieri and Micropterus salmoides) and migration fish species(Anguila japonica) were observed. Based on the length-weight relationship of Z. platypus, the b value was 3.21~3.29, and the condition factor(K) was 0.89 on average with stable condition. According to similarity analysis, fish communities in Daecheon Stream were divided into three groups; the upper reaches near a reservoir(St. 1), the middle reaches (St. 2 to 4) and the lower reaches near a weir(St. 5). Dominant species at each group were Zacco koreanus(St. 1), Z. platypus(St. 2 to 4) and T. brevispinis(St. 5). This result suggested that artificial structures such as dam and a weir have a marked effect on the distribution of fish communities in Daecheon Stream.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
• /
• v.23 no.2
• /
• pp.181-187
• /
• 2007

A scanning electron microscopic study on the glochidium and glochidial encystment of Anodonta arcaeformis on the host fish Carassius auratus was conducted. The shape of the glochidium was apparently subtriangular and its average size was $270\;{\mu}m\;\times\;260\;{\mu}m\;\times\;145\;{\mu}m$. The glochidial shell valves were of the same size, kept together by a ligament that is 50.4 ${\mu}m$ in length and 5.5 ${\mu}m$ in width. Each of the glochidial shell valve had a long hook studded with many spines on the superior face. A large area of at the apex of the valve surrounding the base of the hook was provided with numerous small spines which became progressively smaller toward the periphery of the area. The glochidial shell valve consisted of two layers. The mantle cells line the glochidial shell valves and some of hair cells were observed. A larval thread was 2.3 ${\mu}m$ in diameter. In the artificial infection of the glochidia to one of the natural hosts, Carassius auratus, it took about three to four hours to encyst the glochidia with epithelial cells of the fish fins. The encystment method was the cell migration from the neighboring epithelial cells.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.61-79
• /
• 2016

This study aims at examining the structural and managemental problems of the existing fishways which affect the migrations of fishes, and at suggesting alternatives to improve the fishways' efficiency. The study focuses on the fishways constructed in the diversion weirs in the lower reaches of 41 rivers(2 national rivers and 39 rural rivers) in the eastern coast of Korea. Most of water-using facilities in Korean rivers are diversion weirs, and fishways are established as subsidiary facilities of most of the weirs. Among the 58 or so fishways examined in this study, only a few are doing their proper function, and most of them need improvement. This study aims at strengthening those fishways function and increasing their economic efficiency and migration efficiency. Based on the results of this study, the followings are suggested. In case the fishway sticks out downstream from the apron, a subsidiary fishway diverging from the main is suggested to attract fish. The entrance to the subsidiary should head below the raised part of the apron and a pool should be constructed in the connecting part with the main. To attract fish and let the upstream migrators rest for a while, an entrance pool should be constructed in the fishway. Most of the examined fishways have low side walls, which allow the upstreamers to jump out of the fishway. Those side walls are suggested to be raised above the jumping height of target fishes. The exit parts of most fishways are too shallow, or have no grass to protect the fish from the birds. Protective facilities are suggested to keep the birds from entering the fishway. By the time Ice-harbor type and Vertical-slot type fishways are scientifically proved to be defective, the fishway should not diverge from the standard design.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fisheries and Ocean Technology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.567-575
• /
• 2015

Species composition in the coastal waters off Ulleungdo of Korea were examined based on catches bimonthly collected by trammel net in 2013. A total of 711 individuals and 181.9 Kg were caught and catches were composed of 4 classes 15 orders 27 families 52 species including 44 Pisces, 4 Gastropoda, 3 Cephalopoda, and 1 Echinodermata. The dominant species in biomass were File fish (Thamnaconus modestus), Atka mackerel (Pleurogrammus azonus), and Greenling (Hexagrammos otakii). Data were summarized using hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) to examine similarity in species composition for each month, and community structure in Ulleungdo was divided into two groups. Community structures in February, April and December with low temperature and well-mixed surface water were distinguished from those in June, August and October with high temperature and strong stratification, which could be attributed to temporal changes in dominant species. Atka mackerel and Spear squid mainly caught in February and April, disappearing in June, August and October, and File fish outburst was shown in October. Because the water off Ulleungdo has been under low human pressure, it could be a good case study to elucidate effects of climate change on community structure and ecosystem in the East sea. Continuous surveys and further studies are required to demonstrate migration route and distribution of dominant species and long-term changes in community structure in the water of Ulleungdo.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
• /
• v.35 no.3 s.99
• /
• pp.237-246
• /
• 2002

Tamjin Dam is built in the upper reaches of the Tamjin River which flows through the Janghung-gun and Gangjin-gun of the Jeollanamdo, Korea. In order to map out a preservation strategy of the fish community from dam construction, We studied the distribution of fish distribution and changes of the habitat environment. we found 49 fish species inhabiting in the downstream and upstream of the Tamjin Dam. Among them, migratory fish were two species sweet smelt, Plecoglossus altivelis and freshwater eel, Anguilla japonica. The Coreoperca kawamebari which designated as a species to be protected by The Ministry of Environment of Korea was also observed. After the dam construction, reservoir would be filled with water and running water system will change to standing water system. Then the habitat and spawning space for mountain torrent fish will be reduced and the migration of migratory fish to upstream will be blocked. Through our study, we proposed several ways to protect fish community. In order to preserve the reduced habitat and spawning area of mountain torrent fish, a fishway has been diagnosed to be built in the shallow reservoir in the entrance of the upriver. The establishment of artificial spawning ground on the riverside has been recommended. In addition, We propose a creation of a shelter for fresh water eel, Anguilla japonica in areas where the depth of the water is about l0m by laying rocks. Since it is difficult for a spawning ground to be formed naturally in the reservoir due to the year-round changes in water level, We suggested a floating spawning facility using an artificial fixture. In the downstream of the dam, a waterway-style habitat and spawning ground in the river and increasing the diversity and abundance of fish fauna in the Tamjin River. A low-cost and highly efficient operational fishway has been recommended so that migratory fish such as Plecoglossus altivelis (sweetfish) can migrate from the lower reaches to the upper reaches of the river.

• 한국해양학회지
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.79-88
• /
• 1980

Diaphus suborbitalis는 일본 준하만에 있어서 중 심층성 어류 micronekton의 주요종이다. 본연구에서는 본종의 생태규명의 일환으로서 지리분포와 일주수직이동의 양식을 밝혔다. 시료는 1971년 5월부터 1977년 4월까지 동경대학 해양연구소 연구선 담청환과 저인망어선에서 채집했다. 채집에는 6ft.의 IKMT, 구경 160cm의 대형플랑크톤네트(ORI), 구경 56cm의 MTD플랑크톤네트와 저인망을 사용했다. 1971년 5∼6월의 만내전역에 걸친 조사에 의하면, 본종은 연안성이 강하여 만의 안쪽부분으로부터 만서부에 있어서의 200∼500m 등심선에 따른 해역에 분포의 중심을 갖고, 만중앙부와 만남동부 및 만입구에서는 출현량이 적다. 이것은 본종이 Sergestes lucens, Diaphus watasei, Maurolicus muelleri등과 함께 만내에서 대륙붕사면 주변해역에 분포의 중심을 갖는 생물군집의 일원임을 나타내고 있다. 어군탐지기와 Net채집에 의한 시료에 의하면, 본종의 층간의 서식층은 수심 200∼400m 전후의 대륙붕사면의 근저층이다. 일몰시부터 음파산란층(DSL)을 형성하는 다른 생물과 함께 상승하기 시작하여, 야간은 수심 50m 전후층을 중심으로 분포한 후 새벽녘에 하강을 개시하여 다시 층간의 서식층으로 이동한다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.179-186
• /
• 1995

Human anisakiasis may occur after ingestion of raw marine flesh infected with nematode larvae of Anlsi,hidae. Anisakiasis caused by the migration of the larva into the wall of stomach, small intestine and other portion has been reported in Korea. This prospective study was made of all cases referred to parasitological laboratory in Cheju-do between. Tune 1989 and June 1992. Gastric anisakiasis was confirmed if larvae invading the gastric wall were observed by gastrofiberscopy One hundred and seven cases were diagnosed, most of which were in 30-49 years old. Most of the patients complained acute epigastric pain with history of eating raw marine fish. This symptom usually occurred about 12 hours to 1 day after ingestion of infected marine fish. Edema, erosion or ulcer of the mucosa and hemorrhage from the gastric wall were observed in the involved areas. Ninety larvae removed from the stomach were identified; the larva of Anisqkis siwlex was the most prevalent species, and the Iarva of Pseudntewanoua decipien was also detected. The important species of marine fish from which the patients became infected was demonstrated as yellow corvina, sea eel, ling, cuttle fish, yellowtail and others. Five species of marine fish as a possible source of infection were examined, and Anisakis simplex larvae and Pseunotewqnoua decipirens larvae were collected from the mackerel and rock cod. This study demonstrates that anisakiasis is recognized as a public health problem in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.198-208
• /
• 2023

This study collected samples of Korean dark sleepers (Odontobutis interrupta) in the Keumdang Stream from March to November 2021 to investigate their feeding habits. The sizes were classified by age (1 year and 2 years old, and 3 years or older). The food organisms of O. interrupta included Isopoda, Amphipoda, and Decapoda of the Malacostraca, Ephemeroptera, Odonata, Hemiptera, Plecoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera, and Trichoptera belonging to the aquatic insect of Arthropoda (accounting for 86.6% of the population), Tubificida, Haplotaxida, and Rhynchobdellida belonging to the Clitellata of Annelida (accounting for 7.3%), Systellommatophora and Mesogastropoda belonging to the Gastropodo of Mollusca (accounting for 2.8%), fish (accounting for 3.3%), and fish eggs. Korean dark sleepers fed mostly on aquatic insects, fish, crustaceans, and annelids. Aquatic insects were the most important food source, with 70.1% of the population, 31.7% in biomass, and 72.6% in the index of relative importance. Korean dark sleepers were carnivorous in diet and belonged to the stalker in food intake characteristics and forms. A food migration was observed since less Diptera was found, and more fish, Decapoda, Trichoptera, and Odonata were found in the biomass of the feed consumed by larger species. Diptera (65.3%), Haplotaxida (14.5%), Ephemeroptera (7.0%), Diptera (58.6%), Ephemeroptera (24.5%), fish (4.8%) Diptera (30.1%), Ephemeroptera (20.4%), Isopoda (13.3%) were mainly fed in the autumn.