• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.465-471
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• 2021

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous arthropod vectors that transmit epizootic arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses). Arboviruses are recognized as causes of pregnancy loss, encephalomyelitis, and congenital malformations in ruminants. Therefore, continuous monitoring and control of Culicoides, which causes significant damage to industrial animals are necessary. We performed attraction and repellent tests in Culicoides using various essential oils, cow dung, and carbon dioxide (CO₂). Culicoides tended to move more to cow dung (60.8%, P<0.0001) and CO₂ (63.8%, P<0.01). To the essential oils as repellents, 26.1% (P<0.0001), 18.7% (P<0.001), and 25.5% (P<0.01) of the Culicoides moved to the lavender, lemongrass, and eucalyptus chamber, respectively. The Culicoides that moved to the 3 essential oils chambers showed markedly low activity. Collectively, it was showed that Culicoides tended to be attractive to cow dung and CO₂, and repellent from the 3 essential oils.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.256-275
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• 1992

Insects are among the most important abiotic and biotic constraints to rice production. National rice research programs are in various stages in the development and implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) stratagies for rice insect control. Among the various control tactics, insect resistant cultivars are sought as the major tactic in rice IPM. Through the activities of interdisciplinary teams of scientists significant progress has been made in the development and release of insect resistant cultivars to farmers. Because of its compatibility with other control tactics insect resistance has proven to fit well into the IPM approach to rice insect control agents and minimize the need for insecticide applications. The development of biotypes which overcome the resistance in rice plants has been a significant constraint in the breeding of rice for resistance to insects. Most notable examples in Asia are the green leafhopper, Nephotettix virescens, brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lygens and the Asian rice gall midge, Orseolia oryzae. The current breeding stratege is to develop rice cultivars with durable resistance on which virulent biotypes cannot adapt. In spite of the significant progress made in the breeding of insect resistant cultivars there are still numerous important rice insect species for which host plant resistance as a control tactic has not been fully utilized. Advances in biotechnology provide promise of solving some of the problems that have limited the use of host plant resistance as a major tactic in the integrated management of rice insect pests.

• 한국측량학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.42-52
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• 1988

본 연구에서는 인공위성 데이타를 사용하여 솔잎혹파리에 의한 산림피해를 추출해 봄으로써 인공위성 데이타가 산림의 병충해감지에 유용함을 입증하는 것이 주된 목적이라고 하겠다. 또한 이러한 산림지역 피해지추출에 유용한 Band의 선정과 산림지역에서 나타나는 그림자의 영향을 감소시켜 보다 정확한 분석결과를 얻는 것도 그 목적으로 하고있다. 인공위성 데이타는 LANDSAT-5의 TM을 사용하였으며 분류정확도 향상과 그림자 영향의 감소를 위하여 화상처리기법인 Spatial Filtering과 화상간연산처리를 행하였다. 연구결과 TM 데이타는 산림의 병충해피해지역감지에 유용하였으며 식물에 대한 분류시 Band 4와 Band 5가 효과적이었다. 또한 Spatial Filtering과 화상간연산처리는 그림자영향감소에 효과적이었으며 특히 화상간연산처리는 산림과 기타 지역과의 분류정확도 향상에도 커다란 도움이 되었다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2000

솔잎혹파리 피해임지의 특성에 따른 수세변동을 구명하였다. 솔잎혹파리 피해도("심", "중", "경")별로 구분하여 수세를 조사한 결과 피해가 심한 지역의 수목은 수세가 현저하게 약화되었으며, 수목의 임분밀도("밀", "중", "소")별로 구분한 경우는 피해도와 관계없이 임분밀도가 낮은 임분에서 수목의 수세가 강하게 나타났다. 수목의 외형적 인자중 수관폭과, 흉고직경이 작은 개체에 비하여 큰 개체의 수세가 모든 임분에서 강하게 나타났다. 각 임분에서 전기저항치와 수관면적과의 관계는 피해도 "심" 임분에서는 수관면적이 $13.4m^2$ "중" 임분에서는 $10.9m^2$, "경" 임분에서는 $7.9m^2$로 피해가 심할수록 수관면적이 넓어야 임목이 생존할 가능성이 높은 전기저항치($15k{\Omega}$ 이하)가 나타나는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.169-178
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• 1976

솔잎혹파리 (Thecodiplosis japonensis Uchi. et Inouye)의 충영속 유충과 충영을 탈출하여 낙하한 토중의 유충을 대상으로 체액을 분석, 측정코저 종이 크로마토그라피법, micro-Kjeldahl법, 박층 크로카토그라피 법, 왈부르그 검압계법, Bessey-Lowry법과 Reitman-Frankel법으로 측정 또는 분석하였다. 충영과 유충과 토중의 유충에 따라 유리 아미노산, 총 질소함량의 변화, 탄수화물의 변화, 지질의 종류와 변화, 호흡능, phosphatase, GOT, ?의 활성도가 측정되었다. 유리 아미노산, 총 질소함량, 지질함량, 호흡능, acid phosphatase의 황성, GPT의 활성은 충영속의 유충에서 토중의 유충으로 진행함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 그러나 trehalose의 함량과 alkaline phosphatase의 활성은 증가하는 경향을 나타냈다.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2006

The genetic toxicity of environmental pollutants, namely, nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA) and chloropyriphos (CP) was investigated in aquatic sentinel species, freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna, and larva of aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans, using Comet assay. Physiological effect of such pollutants was also investigated by studying the specimens' rates of reproduction, growth and survival. Acute toxicity results showed that, as expected, Daphnia was more sensitive than Chironomus to chemical exposure. The order of acute toxicity was CP > NP > BPA in D. magna and NP > CP > BPA in C. tentans. BPA may exert a genotoxic effect on D. magna and C. tentans, given that DNA strand breaks increased in both species exposed to this compound, whereas NP- and CP-induced DNA damage occurred only in C. tentans. In vivo genotoxic data obtained in aquatic sentinel species could provide valuable information for freshwater quality monitoring. The experiments with NP-exposed D. magna showed that the pollutant has long-term effects on reproduction, whereas no short-term effect on DNA integrity was found, being an example of a false-negative result from the biomarkers perspective. This result could be interpreted that other mechanism than genetic alteration might be involved in NP-induced reproduction failure in D. magna. False-positive results from the genotoxic biomarker obtained in BPA-exposed D. magna and in NP-exposed C. tentans make it difficult to use DNA integrity as an early warning biomarker. However, as the mere presence of genotoxic compounds, which are potentially carcinogenic, is of high concern to human and ecosystem health, it could also be important to rapidly and effectively detect genotoxic compounds in the aquatic system in ways that do not necessarily accompany a higher level of alteration. Considering the potential of D. magna and C. tentans as bioindicator species, and the importance of genotoxic biomarkers in ecotoxicity monitoring, DNA damage in these species could provide useful information for environmental risk assessment.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 2001

솔잎혹파리 피해 소나무재의 특성을 이해하고 효율적인 이용방법을 모색하기 위한 기초자료를 얻기위하여 솔잎흑파리 피해재의 해부 및 물리학적 성질을 조사하여 정상재와 비교 및 검토하였다. 그 결과, 솔잎혹파리 피해재는 정상재에 비해 축방향 수지구 및 수평수지구의 수가 많았고 위연륜이 출현하는 특징을 나타냈다. 또한 솔잎흑파리 피해재가 정상재보다 변 심재 모두 수축 팽윤율이 높았으며 변재부의 생재함수율은 정상재에 비해 다소 낮았다. 압축강도와 휨강도는 정상재보다 다소 낮았으나 전단강도는 거의 비슷한 값을 보여주었다.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2003

DEHP는 대표적인 플라스틱 가소제 가운데 하나로서, 광범위하게 사용되고 있으며, 내분비계 장애물질로 분류퇴고 있다. 실제로 하천, 해양, 토양 등 광범위한 환경에서 검출되고 있지만, 이 물질이 수서 생물에 미치는 내분비교란 영향과 기작에 대해서는 거의 알려진 바가 없다. 본 연구에서는 송사리로 불리우는 Oryzias latipes(Japanese medaka)와, 유생 시기에 저니성 무척추 동물로 존재하다가 성충이 되는 Chironomus riparius를 대상으로 DEHP가 내분비 장애물질로서 생식작용에 미치는 영향에 대하여 연구하였다. 먼저, Japanese medaka를 부화 직후부터 3개월간 DEHP 1, 10, 50 $\mu\textrm{g}$/l의 농도로 노출시킨 결과 암놈의 혈중 비텔로제닌의 감소 ,생식소 지수인 GSI(Gonado Somatic Index) 감소. 난자 발달 저해 등이 관찰되었다. 또한, C. riparius를 산란 직후부터 DEHP에 노출시킨 경우에는 성체 출현률, 암수 비율, 산란률에서는 용량-반응 관계를 가진 변화가 발견되지 않았으나, 산란된 알의 부화율은 DEHP에 노출된 경우 유의하게 감소하는 것이 관찰되었다. 이러한 결과를 종합하여 볼 때. DEHP는 O. latpes와 C. riparius 모두 생식 작용에 영향을 미치며, 그 작용 기작은 일반적으로 발견되는 에스트로젠(estrogen) 활성이 아닌 암놈의 생식기관의 발달을 직, 간접적으로 저해함으로서 정상적인 알의 생성을 방해하는 이른바 항-에스트로젠 기작을 보이는 것으로 추정된다. 본 연구에서는 DEHP 위해성 평가를 위한 기본 자료로서, 생식작용 영향에 대한 새로운 자료를 제시하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2012

Black light traps were used to measure the seasonal and geographical distribution of Culicoides spp. (biting midges or no-see-ums) at 9 cowsheds in the southern half of the Republic of Korea (ROK) from June through October 2010. A total of 25,242 Culicoides females (24,852; 98.5%) and males (390; 1.5%) comprising of 9 species were collected. The most commonly collected species was Culicoides punctatus (73.0%) followed by C. arakawae (25.7%), while the remaining 7 species accounted for <1.0% of all Culicoides spp. collected. The mean number of Culicoides spp. collected per trap night (Trap Index [TI]) was highest for C. punctatus (409.3), followed by C. arakawae (144.2), C. tainanus (4.1), C. oxystoma (1.2), C. circumscriptus (0.7), C. homotomus (0.6), C. erairai (0.4), C. kibunensis (0.3), and C. nipponensis (0.04). Peak TIs were observed for C. punctatus (1,188.7) and C. arakawae (539.0) during July and August, respectively. C. punctatus and C. arakawae have been implicated in the transmission of arboviruses and other pathogens of veterinar importance that adversely impact on animal and bird husbandry.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.59-69
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• 2003

Most denuded mountain areas in Korea were completely stabilized by the successful work of the 1st and 2nd 10-year Forest Development Plans which targeted the reforestation of denuded forest lands. The objectives of this study are (1) to estimate the depth of organic horizon in the soil profile, (2) to investigate the change of vegetation structure, (3) to estimate the change of biomass in the erosion controlled and rehabilitated mountain areas with the passage of time. This study was carried out as the 5th times. The first study began in the year of 1985, the second study was in the year of 1988, the third study was in the year of 1992, 4th was in the year of 1998 and 5th was in the year of 2002. The first study started in the study sites which elapsed 9 years after erosion control works. The results of the study were as follows : The increase rate of soil thickness was estimated to $Y_{(cm)}=2.906log_{(yr)}-3.2476(r^2=0.917)$ during 26 years after erosion control works. The important value of pines decreased to 14.7% on upper layer. But, the important value of alders. which did not plant on erosion control work increased to 27.1%. The decrease of whole crown projection indicates that pines. and alders were heavily injured by pine leaf gall midge in the year of 1993, 1995 years and Agelastica coerulea Baly in the year of 1986, 1987 years at Yoju-gun. The young growth of pines and alders not appeared on the soil surface which elapsed 26 years after erosion control works. On the lower layer, oaks occupied over 50% in I.V, RD, RC, RF. In process of years, the increase of biomass estimated to be $Y_{(t/ha)}={0.7505X_{(yr)}}^{1.6335}\;(r^2=0.9712)$ for 26 years after erosion control works.