• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.293-307
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• 1997

In Korea, sudden deaths of middle-aged and older male workers who are the responsible persons at home as well as workplace, have aroused social concern. Besides, U. N. has reported recently that mortality of Korea male in 40-50's was one of the highest among newly developed countries in 1992. Not much is, however, known about the nature of the work contributing to the mortality of different groups of workers. Therefore, this study was done to examine mortality of public servants, comprising about 5% of all the employed in Korea, according to their job titles and grades. The datas of 1753 official deaths, comprised 323 (only disease-oriented deaths) applicants of survivors' compensation, were used to examine age-adjusted Standardized Mortality Ratios(SMRs) according to their job titles, grades, tenures and cause of deaths. Controlling age and sex difference was conducted using 26,950,481 general population, 95,340 general deaths and 864,560 working public servants. All the groups were aged 20-64, who were being observed January - December in 1993, at the same time. Results and discussions are as follows. 1. SMRs standardized by general population was significantly low (SMR 44.9 CI 42.8-52.7) for all job titlses. Of public servants, 90.0% was graduated from high school, although 17.5% in general population. The distinction of social status such a education may produce a strong healthy worker effect. Besides, SMRs for different tenure groups showed a steady increase as tenure increases. This suggests that the magnitude of healthy-worker effect may be greater with increasing tenures. 2. SMRs standardized by own public servants was significantly elevated for work-men(SMR 121.0, CI 110.2-132.6) in solitue. When SMRs for different grade, of work-men was examined, 9th(SMR 124.2, CI 104.4-146.7) and 10th(SMR 137.9 CI 120.8-156.8)grade, lower grade in workmen, showed significantly elevated SMRs. Of workmen, 57.0% were graduated from high school and 50.1% in 9th grade, as well. These mean that low economic states made up social class, education may increase mortality rate. 3. Of SMRs according to all causes of death, only policemen on 'cause of death related hypertensive disease'(SMR 282.5, CI 121.6-556.7) was significantly high except for' cause of death related other signs, symptoms and ill-defined conditions'. 4. When SMRs on cause of death related hypertensive disease for different grade of policemen was examined, senior policemen(SMR 241.9), in charge of the front service, showed elevated SMR, in spite of statistical no significance. Especially, the working hour of senior policemen is quite long and also the work schedule is even more irregular for policemen. The results of this study showed that mortality for different jobs differed, and it differed also for different grades in the same job. This difference in mortality may reflect the difference in the nature of job contents, and further studies are warranted to elucidate which job characteristics are responsible.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.139-154
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine to causes and symptoms of stress and factors influencing stress management of workers in beauty shops. 811 people who were working in the shops located in Daegu City and Kyungbuk Province were selected as subjects of this study. Data were collected from April 10, 2000 to July 10, 2000. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. According to general characteristics of the respondents, female was 90.8%. 42.1 % of them was in their twenties and 73.7% of them did not marry. 57.5% of the respondents grew up in big cities and 41.1% had no religion. 63.6% was graduated from junior colleges. 44.6% of them worked for below I year and 33.9% earned below four hundred and ninety thousand won per month. 55.8% of them was satisfied with their work aptitude, while 34.2% was not satisfied with it. In the case of satisfaction level with working environment, ‘common level’ was 46.3%, while 12.8% of them was unsatisfied with it. In the case of stress level by factors of stress related to working, male was higher (9.34 $\pm$ 2.38 points). Those who grew up in towns or villages and those who belonged to the middle class showed high stress level. Those who married and those who graduated from high school also displayed high stress level. It also appeared that monthly income influenced the stress level related to working.. The extent of stress level influencing physical causes appeared in order of health condition, education level, sex, satisfaction level with work aptitude, economic status, and working hours. The extent of stress level influencing whole organizational level appeared in order of satisfaction level with work aptitude, working hours, education level, health condition, and sex. The extent of stress factors influencing depressed feeling of stress symptom appeared in order of working hours, sex, amount of smoking, absence due to stress, age, health condition, and education level. The extent of influencing factors on active stress management appeared in order of satisfaction level with work aptitude, health condition, size of the shop, drinking, sex, and the number of day off. The extent of influencing factors on avoidable stress management appeared in order of age, absence due to stress, drinking, health condition, and sex.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.73-85
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine community residents' knowledge level and related factor on electronic wave in order to provide basic data for development of education and publicity program. 2,000 people, who lived in five big cities and five small and medium cities, were selected ad subjects of this study. The data were collected from May 1, 200 I to August 31, 2001. The results of this study are as follows. According to the average knowledge level of harmful affect of electronic wave on health in general characteristics, female was higher(37.40 ± 5.24 points) than male; ‘forties’ was highest(37.77 ± 5.69 points); ‘married spouse’ was high(36.84 ± 5.59 points); ‘living in small-ta-medium city’ was high(36.84 ± 5.32 points). ‘university graduate’ was highest(37.41 ± 5.32 points) in education level, ‘middle class’ was high(36.61 ± 4.96 points) in economic status, ‘professional technician’ was higher(36.68 ± 6.55 points) than other occupations in occupational type. According to the knowledge level of harmful affect of electronic wave on health in health condition by self-judgment, ‘good health condition’ was highest(36.77 ± 4.99 points). In the case of the knowledge level of those who visited medical institutions for last one year, ‘never visited’ was highest(37.19 ± 5.02 points). In the kind of medical institutions, ‘those who visited general hospital’ was highest(36.58 ± 5.63 points). In the way of knowledge obtainments of electronic wave through education and publicity media, ‘school education’ was highest(37.55 ± 5.19 points). According to the score of awareness level of disease incidence related to electronic wave, allergy and erethism was highest(57.8 points on the basis of 100 points). It appeared in order of leukemia, skin disease or skin cancer, dementia, various cancers, cataract, and brain tumor. The variables which significantly influenced knowledge level of harm of electronic wave were knowledge obtainments of electronic wave, age, economic status, daily TV watching period, sex, period of daily cellular phone use, period of working with computer, and daily VTR watching period. The knowledge of community residents concerning harmful affect of electronic wave on health is needed because people's opportunity of exposing to electronic wave is increasing. Especially, it is the demands of the times to provide information on knowledge of each equipment which generate electronic wave. The government, the product manufacturing companies, related social organizations, and education institutions must make efforts to develop the education program which is needed to make people have right knowledge and attitude.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2015

현재 부동산 경기는 매매건수의 감소와 장기적 경기 침체로 인해 상당히 위축되어 있는 상태이다. 이에 대응하여 최근 정부는 기업형 주택임대사업 육성을 통한 중산층 주거혁신방안을 발표하면서 부동산 경기 활성화에 앞장서고 있다. 한편 국내 주택시장은 가구구조의 변화, 전세에서 월세의 증가를 겪는 등 구조적 전환기에 접어들고 있다. 또한 1~2인 소형가구에 대한 수요가 증가하고 있으며 점차 가파르게 늘어나는 추세를 보일 것으로 예상하며, 결과적으로 1~2인 소형 주택 사업이 활발히 진행될 것으로 전망된다. 또한 국내 건설업계는 모듈러 건축물이라는 새로운 기술에 대한 관심이 상당히 높아진 상태이다. 모듈러 건축이란 공장에서 모듈을 생산하여 현장에서 조립하는 형태로서 빠른 시공성과 친환경성 및 이동성 등 여러 분야에서 활용 가능한 건축기술이다. 종합해보면 부동산 시장의 변화, 모듈러 건축기술이라는 두가지 큰 이슈가 현재 건설시장의 화두이다. 이러한 현 상황에서 본 논문은 시장분석을 통해 모듈러 진출분야를 선정하고 LCC분석을 통해 수익성 분석 및 사업시나리오 구상 등을 통한 임대시장에서의 모듈러 사업모델을 제안해보고 모듈러 건축물을 이용한 1~2인 소형 임대주택 사업 가능성을 판단해보고자 한다.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.13-34
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• 1997

도시세력권은 도시의 인구와 경제규모, 교육 문화 의료시설을 비롯한 제반 서비스기능의 정도 등에 따라 결정되는데, 통근권은 도시세력권을 결정하는 가장 좋은 지표에 속한다. 왜냐하면 통근권은 지역 주민들의 규칙적인 일상생활과 직접적으로 관계되며 매일의 유동량을 정확하게 표현해 주기 때문이다. 본 연구는 경남 서부지역의 중심지 세력권 변화와 이에 따른 주민 통근행태의 성격을 구명하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 진주시는 전국 차원에서 보면 지방 중소도시에 지나지 않지만 경남 서부지역에서는 절대적인 중심지 역할을 수행하고 있으며 매우 넓은 세력권을 갖는다. 본 연구에서는 경남 서부지역 중심지들의 세력권을 인구와 산업의 변화를 통하여 고찰하고, 주민들의 통근행태를 주택-인구센서스의 통근-통학자료와 진주시 의료기관의 환자 동계자료 및 초 중등학교 교사들의 통근자료를 통하여 분석한다. 특히 교사들의 통근율에 따른 진주 도시세력권은 진주시로부터의 거리조락성과 도시간의 세력권 경합관계에 따라 결정된다. 경남 서부지역 교사들의 역통근 행태는 학교가 입지한 지역사회의 입장에서는 부정적 영향이 보다 크게 작용하고 있는 것으로 확인된다. 따라서 농어촌의 소규모 중심지들에 대한 각종 서비스시설을 확충함으로써 지역간 균형개발을 도모하여야 할 것이다.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.257-275
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• 2016

본 연구는 수학의 다양한 표상이 학습자의 분수, 소수 및 퍼센트에 대한 이해에 어떤 영향을 주는지 분석하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 다양한 표상을 활용한 교수법을 전통적 알고리즘 교수법과 비교하고자 87명의 중학교 학생들을 대상으로 사전, 사후 검사를 실시하였다. 사전, 사후 검사는 각각 5개의 비슷한 문항으로 구성되었으며, 문항에 대한 학생들의 답안을 양적, 질적으로 분석하였다. 양적 분석 결과에 따르면, 전통적 알고리즘 교수법으로 지도 받은 학생들이 다양한 표상을 활용한 교수법에 의해 지도받은 학생들에 비하여 높은 점수를 나타내었다. 또한, 다양한 표상을 활용한 교수법이 학생들의 수학적 개념에 대한 이해를 보장해 주지는 못함이 드러났다. 질적 분석 결과에 따르면, 수학 교실에서 다양한 표상을 제한적으로 활용할 경우, 오히려 다양한 수학적 표상은 학생들이 문장제 문제를 푸는 과정에서 응용을 방해하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과에 따르면, 교사는 수학 교실에서 다양한 표상을 활용함에 있어서 반드시 여러 가지 예시와 연습을 통해 학습자들이 다양한 표상을 제대로 이해하고, 연습할 수 있도록 도와야 할 것이다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.802-808
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• 2010

본 연구는 하천 수질개선을 위해 충청남도 금강 중 하류권역에 위치한 18개의 지류하천을 대상으로 유량 및 수질측정, 하천그룹화, 오염물질 부하량 및 배출부하밀도를 산정하였다. 하천의 수질분석 결과는 저수기의 평균BOD농도를 기준으로 하천생활환경기준 II등급(BOD기준 3.0 mg/L)의 수질을 초과하는 하천은 정안천, 방축천, 길산천, 조천, 석성천, 강경천으로 나타났다. 하천그룹화 결과 금강에 유입되는 유량이 저수량을 기준으로 $10\;m^3/min$ 이상이고, 저수기의 평균BOD 농도가 3.0 mg/L 이상으로 금강의 수질을 악화시키는 주된 요인인 그룹(Group A)에 해당되는 하천으로는 조천, 강경천, 석성천, 정안천으로 나타났다. 이 하천들은 금강의 수질개선을 위해서 수환경관리의 대책을 가장 먼저 고려해야 할 것이다. Group A에 해당하는 하천 중 배출부하밀도가 10 BOD kg/$day{\cdot}km^2$ 정도 이상인 하천은 조천, 석성천, 강경천으로 나타났다. 하천의 유량 및 수질모니터링, 하천그룹화, 배출부하밀도산정 등을 통하여 수질개선 우선순위 유역을 선정한 결과, 연기군의 조천, 부여군과 논산시 경계에 위치한 석성천, 논산시의 강경천과 같은 하천 유역이 수질개선이 시급한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.295-309
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• 2006

This study was conducted among 831 industrial workers in Gumi City in Gyung-Sang-Buk Do for the purpose of acquiring knowledge to improve quality of life though industrial workers' oral health promotion. Oral examination and questionnaire surveying were used to evaluate workers' oral health state and subjective health state and analyze their effect on quality of life. 1. The number of workers in the study were 831 in all; there were more males who accounted for 74.6%. 43.7% of the subject were 29 years old, accounting for the largest age group. Their academic backgrounds are 53.6% workers who graduated from high schools or lower educational institutions, and 46.4% workers who graduated from college or higher educational institutions. 80.7% of the subjects replied that their economic state belonged to the middle class. Their job classification indicates that 70.2% were working in production and engineering fields and that the seniority of 55.3% workers was less than 55.3%. 2. The result of evaluating the effects of oral health state on individual well-being and quality of life using OHIP indicates that younger people, singles(p<0.01) than the married, those in worse economic situation and those with shorter seniority(p<0.01) had higher effect of oral health state on quality of life. In addition, those whose health or oral health was not good (p<0.01), those with liked tough texture of food and snacks(p<0.05), those with more frequency of drinking(p<0.01) and those with more smoking tended to have higher effect of oral health state on daily life or quality of life. Besides, OHIP confirmed that oral health state is a measurement tool that can evaluate its effect on individual well-being and quality of life. The suggestion for future studies is to develop Korean style OHIP that can be used conveniently and efficiently by expanding the subject area up to the whole country and validating the samples gained from random sampling.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to examine the relationships of the several socioeconomic position indicators with the mortality risk in a representative longitudinal study of South Korea. Methods : The 1998 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was conducted on a cross-sectional probability sample of South Korean households, and it contained unique 13-digit personal identification numbers that were linked to the data on mortality from the National Statistical Office of Korea. Of 5,607 males and females, 264 died between 1999 and 2003. Cox's regression was used to estimate the relative risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI) of mortality. Results: Socioeconomic differences in mortality were observed after adjustments were made for gender and age. Compared with those people having college or higher education, those people without any formal education had a greater mortality risk (RR=2.21, 95% CI=1.12-4.40). The mortality risk among manual workers was significantly greater than that for the non-manual workers (RR=2.73, 95% CI=1.47-5.06). A non-standard employment status was also associated with an increase in mortality: temporary or daily workers had a greater mortality risk than did the full-time workers (RR=3.01, 95% CI=1.50-6.03). The mortality risk for the low occupational class was 3.06 times greater than that of the high and middle occupational classes (95% CI=1.75-5.36). In addition, graded mortality differences according to equivalized monthly household income were found. A reduction of monthly household income by 500 thousand Korean Won (about 400 US dollars) was related with a 20% excess risk of mortality. Self-reported poor living standards were also associated with an increased risk of mortality. Those without health insurance had a 3.63 times greater risk of mortality than the insured (95% CI=1.61-8.19). Conclusions: This study showed the socioeconomic differentials in mortality in a national longitudinal study of South Korea. The existence of socioeconomic mortality inequalities requires increased social discussion on social policies in Korean society. Furthermore, the mechanisms for the socioeconomic inequalities of mortality need to be explored in future studies.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.66-71
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• 2006

최근 웹 기반으로 한 교수-학습 시스템이 교육현장에 적용되면서 교수자와 학습자 모두로 하여금 시${\cdot}$공간전인 제한사항을 탈피한 교육현장을 제시하고 있다. 다양한 연구의 결과 음악교육에서 멀티미디어의 활용은 효과적임을 입증한 바 있으며 학습자의 흥미를 유발하고 자기주도적으로 학습할 수 있는 방안을 제공해 준다는 점에 있어서도 논이 평가되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 멀티미디어 학습 자료를 이용한 학습 방법과 학습자의 요구에 맞는 웹을 학습의 보조 자료로 활용함으로써 다양한 교육정보를 학습자 스스로 찾아 자기 주도적으로 학습을 한 수 있도록 도와주는 음악교과 학습 사이트를 설계하고 구현하였다. 본 사이트를 운영 및 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 첫째, 웹 사이트의 학습의 효과에서 긍정적인 반응을 보여 본 연구에서 개발한 웹 사이트에 대체적으로 만족스러운 반응이었으며 웹 사이트를 수정${\cdot}$보완해 나간다면 계속 사용하겠다는 응답자로 총 학습자 34명중 25명$(73.5\%)$으로 나타났다. 둘째, 학습자들 중 학습자가 문제은행 기능이 있어 학습결과를 즉각적으로 알 수 있어 유용하다는 평가를 나타냈다. 셋째, 웹 사이트를 통해서 자기주도적 학습에 도움이 된다고 응답하여 매우 긍정적인 평가를 받았다.