• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.447-454
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• 2003

Chemical and microbial properties of Northern sand lance, Ammodytes personatus, sauce fermented at $15^{\circ}C$ with fermentation accelerating agents, koji, enzyme, and squid viscera, were analyzed. Total creatine content of Northern sand lance sauce with squid viscera increased up to 2 months of ripening and decreased gradually thereafter, while that with koji or enzyme, and control, increased up to 3 months of ripening and then decreased slowly. TBA values of all samples increased sharply during early ripening, followed by slight decrease. Free amino acid content with all agents increased continuously as fermentation progressed. Major free amino acids of Northern sand lance sauce were glutamic acid, alanine, valine, leucine, and lysine. Total viable cell counts with all agents also increased during early ripening and then decreased. Total viable cell count of Northern sand lance sauce with squid viscera was the highest followed that with koji, enzyme, and control. Northern sand land sauce manufactured with koji showed the most acceptable sensory evaluation result, followed by that with squid viscera.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.292-296
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• 2006

Meat marination has been applied to improve product's physical and sensory attributes for years, but usually it is not intended to improve microbial quality of the product. Tumbling, which helps the distribution of marinade solution during processing, should enhance the action of antimicrobial agents. The objective of this study is to evaluate the combined effects of nisin, tumbling and storage time on total microflora and psychrotrophs counts on poultry. A marinade that contained acetic acid (1%) and salt (3%) with pH adjusted to 4 was developed as a standardized marinade. Drumsticks were marinated with various nisin levels (0, 50, or 100 IU/ml) combined with tumbling (0, 10, or 20 min), and then stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 18 h. The total microflora and psychrotrophs counts of the samples were evaluated after 0, 2, 4, and 7 days of storage. The results indicated that at a given storage time, the samples tumbled for either 10 or 20 min had significantly (p<0.05) lower microbial counts when compared with the samples without the tumbling treatment. The microbial counts of the tumbled samples increased as storage time increased. Microbial counts significantly (p<0.05) decreased when more nisin was increased up to the level of 100 IU/ml. In conclusion, adding of nisin at the level of 50 IU/ml with tumbling for 10 min decreased the total microflora and psychrotrophs counts of the marinated chicken broiler drumsticks.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate on storage characteristics of Herbal materials treated with Gamma-irradiation(10 KGy). Methods : This experiments were carried out by field survey and storage characteristics were carried out by physicochemical determination. Results : Antimicrobial activity of oriental medicine materials(Angelica dahurica Radix, Glehnia littoralis Radix) were examined, together with investigation of effects on gamma-irradiation. Oriental medicine materials contaminated in microbial cell were tend to be pinhole in packaging materials(polypropylene) by bug and Larva. At the same time, PVDC (polyvinylldichloride) package also was founded in bug and Larva by microbial contamination during storage in room temperature. Conclusions : In conclusion, it is very desirable to dose gamma-irradiation(10 KGy) in these oriental medicine materials in order to prevent microbial activity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.10.1-10.16
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• 2021

Root canal debridement, which includes the removal of infected tissues and microbial biofilms, is considered the corner stone of root canal treatment. Chemical adjuncts play a multitude of functions in this regard, as tissue solvents, antimicrobial agents and for removing the smear layer. These adjuncts (irrigants) are usually delivered using a syringe and needle. With increasing knowledge of the complexity of root canal anatomy and tenacity of microbial biofilms, the need for strategies that potentiate the action of these irrigants within the root canal system cannot be overemphasized. Several such activated irrigation strategies exist. The aim of this review is to comprehensively discuss the different irrigant activation methods from the context of clinical studies.

• 보존과학연구
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• s.26
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• pp.5-25
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• 2005

A consideration number of investigation have begun to elucidate the essential role biological agents play in the deterioration of stone. What is becoming clear is that many factors affect the durability of stone. Physical, chemical, and biological agentsact in co-association, ranging from synergistic to antagonistic, to deteriorate stone. Biodeterioration has usually been considered to be a degradation process following the initial deterioration effects of inorganic agents, especially objects of cultural value such as pagoda, stature of Buddha etc. These agents were thought to condition stone surfaces for microbial contamination due to structural changes and enrichment of inorganic organic nutrient substrates. This report concentrates on the action of biodeteriogens from bacteria to algae and higher plants. Preventive and remedial methods are surveyed, as are a selection of chemical treatments.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.507-516
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• 2005

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been isolated and characterized from tissues and organisms representing virtually every kingdom and phylum. Their amino acid composition, amphipathicity, cationic charge, and size allow them to attach to and insert into membrane bilayers to form pores by 'barrel-stave', 'carpet' or 'toroidal-pore' mechanisms. Although these models are helpful for defining mechanisms of AMP activity, their relevance to resolving how peptides damage and kill microorganisms still needs to be clarified. Moreover, many AMPs employ sophisticated and dynamic mechanisms of action to carry out their likely roles in antimicrobial host defense. Recently, it has been speculated that transmembrane pore formation is not the only mechanism of microbial killing by AMPs. In fact, several observations suggest that translocated AMPs can alter cytoplasmic membrane septum formation, reduce cell-wall, nucleic acid, and protein synthesis, and inhibit enzymatic activity. In this review, we present the structures of several AMPs as well as models of how AMPs induce pore formation. AMPs have received special attention as a possible alternative way to combat antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. It may be possible to design synthetic AMPs with enhanced activity for microbial cells, especially those with antibiotic resistance, as well as synergistic effects with conventional antibiotic agents that lack cytotoxic or hemolytic activity.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.253-262
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• 2016

The SS (Bacillus subtilis 10%), WS (Microbial extract 70%), and DS (Sulfur 78%) agents were selected by mycelial growth inhibitory effect test against kiwifruit soft rot pathogen (B. dothidea) with 11 kinds of environment-friendly agricultural materials on PDA medium for 10 days. They showed at 94.2%, 65.2%, 58.9%, respectively. The control value of WS and SS agents were better than DS in storage experiment. It was effective SS and WS single application, DS-WS and WS-SS alternate application in the field trial.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.179-183
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• 2018

Recently, several studies have been conducted on biogas and organic compost production using food waste in an anaerobic digester. In this study, basic experiments were conducted to produce biogas and compost by fermenting food wastes with microbial agents. First, a microbial agent was developed by combining various microorganisms. Then, the amount of generated biogas was identified through a food waste batch experiment. Further, we could maximize and demonstrate biogas production in an anaerobic digester by examining biogas production and composting in a pilot plant.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 1995

In the course of screening for new aminopeptidase M inhibitors which were expected to be analgesic, immunopotentiating, or anti-metastatic agents, the novel synthetic substance MR-387C[(2S,3R)-3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutanoyl-L-valyl-L-prolyl-L-leucine] (M.W. 504 daltons) was obtained. It was competitive with the substrate and had an $IC_{50}$ value of $0.04\;{\mu}m/ml$ ($7.9{\times}10^{-8}\;M$) and an inhibition constant ($K_i$) of $3.8{\times}10^{-8}\;M$. This novel MR-387C was compared with various known inhibitors of aminopeptidase M. It inhibited the enzyme more strongly than any other microorganism-originated inhibitor, except probestin.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.216-220
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• 2004

${\beta}$-CD and CM- ${\beta}$-CD as chiral NMR shift agents were used to resolve the enantiomers of noradrenaline (NA). The stoichiometry of each complex formed between the CDs and the enantiomers of NA was found to be 1 : 1 through the continuous variation plots. The binding constants (K) of the complexes were determined from $^1H$ NMR titration curves. This result indicated that both ${\beta}$-CD and CM- ${\beta}$-CD formed the complexes with the S(+)-NA more preferentially than its R(-)-enantiomer. The K values for the complexes with ${\beta}$-CD ($K_{S(+)}$ = 537 $M^{-1}$ and $K_{R(-)}$ = 516 $M^{-1}$ was larger than those with CM- ${\beta}$-CD ($K_{S(+)}$ = 435 $M^{-1}$ and $K_{R(-)}$ = 313 $M^{-1}$), however, enantioselectivity (${\alpha}$) of S(+)- and R(-)-NA to CM- ${\beta}$-CD ( ${\alpha}$ = 1.38) was larger than that to ${\beta}$-CD ( ${\alpha}$ = 1.04), indicating that CM- ${\beta}$-CD was the better chiral NMR solvating agents for the recognition of the enantiomers of NA. Two dimensional rotating frame nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (ROESY) experiments were also performed to explain the binding properties in terms of spatial fitting of the NA molecule into the macrocyclic cavities.