• 제목/요약/키워드: methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)

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GC/MS를 이용한 모발 중 MDMA(Methylendedioxymethamphetamine)의 분석 (Analysis of 3,4-Methylendedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) in Human Hair by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry)

  • 박미정;김은미;임미애;정희선
    • 약학회지
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    • 제47권4호
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    • pp.195-199
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    • 2003
  • An analysis method for the determination of methylendedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolite methylendedioxymethamphetamine (MDA) in hair by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was proposed. For MDMA and MDA analysis, hair samples were incubated in MeOH (1% HCl), derivatized with trifluoroacetic anhydride and assayed by GC/MS. Hair of 18 subjects for drug abuse was analyzed for MDMA and MDA. Calibration curves for the determination of MDMA and MDA in hair showed a good linearity at a concentration range from 0.5 ng to 250 ng ($r^2$=0.999) The extraction recovery was determined from hair blanks at 50, 100 ng. The percentage of recovery were found to be 96.08∼103.48 with CV value of 1.62∼3.89. The concentrations of MDMA and MDA ranged 1.14∼38.06 ng/mg and 0.07∼3.91 ng/mg, respectively in 18 hair samples from MDMA abusers. The ratio of MDMA to MDA ranged from 9.65∼28.46 in all specimen. Hair analysis for MDMA is a useful method for identification of long-term drug abuser.

The Anti-hepatotoxic Effect of Ginseng in Rats: Meta-analysis

  • Kook, Se-Jeong;Han, Hye-Kyoung;Kim, Gun-Hee;Choi, Ki-Heon
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제19권3호
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    • pp.937-949
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    • 2008
  • The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced with CC14 or TCDD, the toxicities that cause liver damages. Primary studies were collected from the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS. The data on the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme are listed as many as possible: The effect factors were alanine transaminase(ALT), aspartate transaminase(AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase(AD), liver aniline hydroxylase(AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(liver MDA), cytochrome P450(P450), serum alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH), cytochrome b5(Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase(GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver($\gamma$-GCS), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine(serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase(SDH), serum total protein(TP), and serum $\gamma$-glutamyltransferase($\gamma$-GT). In order to investigate the effect of ginseng, the standard mean difference(HG) between the group of rats induced with toxicity(RH) and the group of rats induced with ginseng(RHG) were combined, and the significance of HGs were tested. The combined HGs checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases. Then they were adjusted by using the random effect model and trim and fill method. Although the publication biases were assumed, among all plasma factors the HGs of ALT, AST, serum MDA, SDH, TP, and $\gamma$-GT were significant, and among all enzyme factors the HGs of liver MDA, Cyto b5, GR, GST, and GT were significant. The treatment with ginseng significantly affected the plasma and enzyme levels in rats induced with toxicity.

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The Anti-hepatotoxic Effect of Ginseng in Rats: Meta-analysis

  • Kook, Se-Jeong;Han, Hye-Kyoung;Kim, Gun-Hee;Choi, Ki-Heon
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.161-170
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    • 2008
  • The aim of this meta-analysis was to systematically investigate the anti-hepatotoxic effect of ginseng in rats induced toxicity which damage to liver. Primary researches were gained on the ScienceDirect database, the DBpia, and the KISS, and the data about the effect factors in plasma and in enzyme were listed as many as possible. The effect factors were alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), liver aminopyrine N-demethylase (AD), liver aniline hydroxylase (AH), liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (liver MDA), cytochrome P450 (P450), serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP), serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cytochrome b5 (Cyto b5), glutathione reductase (GR), Liver glutathione S-transferase (GST), liver glutamyltransferase (GT), Liver (${\gamma}-GCS$), serum liver 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (serum MDA), serum sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), serum total protein (TP), serum ${\gamma}-glutamyltransferase$ (${\gamma}-GT$). To investigate the effect of ginseng, the mean difference (MD) between the group of rats induced by toxicity (RH) and the group of rats induced by toxicity with ginseng (RHG) were combined, and the significance of MDs were tested. The combined MDs were checked the biases caused by heterogeneity among studies and the publication biases, and adjusted by using random effect model and trim and fill method, respectively. The effect about ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, SDH, TP and ${\gamma}-GT$ in plasma factors were significant, and about AD, liver MDA, P450, Cyto b5, GR, GST, GT and ${\gamma}-GCS$ in enzyme factors were significant. The treatment with ginseng supplementation was significantly effected on plasma and enzyme factors of damaged-rats.

고체상추출과 GC/MS를 이용한 소변 중 암페타민계 마약성분 동시분석법 (Simultaneous determination of amphetamine-like drugs in human urine by SPE and GC/MS)

  • 정재철;김진영;인문교;정원조
    • 분석과학
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    • 제21권1호
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    • pp.41-47
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    • 2008
  • 소변 중 암페타민계 5성분(amphetamine; AP, methamphetamine; MA, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; MDA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine; MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine; MDEA)의 동시분석을 위하여 기존의 액체상추출(liquid-liquid extraction; LLE) 방법과는 달리 감정과정의 자동화가 가능한 고체상추출(solid-phase extraction, SPE) 방법을 도입하였다. 시험관에 소변 3 mL와 0.1 M 인산완충액 1 mL (pH 7.0)를 넣고, 자동추출장치를 이용하여 추출하고, 증발 건고하여 유도체화 한 다음 GC/MS로 분석하였다. 그 결과 검정곡선의 직선성 상관계수 ($r^2$)는 AP와 MDA [농도범위 34.0 (AP), 28.0 (MDA)~1000.0 ng/mL] 및 MA, MDMA, MDEA (농도범위 50.0~2000.0 ng/mL)에서 0.994 이상으로 나타났다. 그리고 각 성분들의 검출한계 (LOD)는 4.0~10.0 ng/mL 범위였고, 정량한계 (LOQ)는 12.0~34.0 ng/mL 범위였다. 상대 회수율은 5성분 모두 93.5~107.7%로 측정되었다. 정밀도 (precision)와 정확도 (accuracy)는 각각 1.9~14.8%와 -8.7~14.8 % 범위 값을 나타냈다. 본 실험방법을 실제 남용자 소변에 적용한 결과 메스암페타민 또는 엑스터시 투약자를 신속하고 정확하게 동시에 확인할 수 있었다.

가스크로마토그래피-질량분석기를 이용한 모발에서 암페타민형 각성제 약물의 동시 분석 (Simultaneous Determination of Amphetamine-Type Stimulants (ATS) in Human Hair by GC-MS)

  • 김진영;서승일;고범준;이재일;정재철;서용준;인문교
    • 약학회지
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    • 제47권3호
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    • pp.142-147
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    • 2003
  • Gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) procedure is presented for the simultaneous qualification and quantitation of methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AMP), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), and 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) in human hair. The method procedure involves decontamination of hair with distilled water and acetone, acidic hydrolysis, extraction in the presence of deuterated internal standards, and GC-MS analysis after derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) in ethylacetate. The limit of detection for 5 drugs were about 0.1∼0.15 ng/mg using 30 mg hair sample. Coefficient variations of correlation ranged from 0.9941 to 0.9993. The recoveries of these drugs were found to be 93.4∼104.4%. The concentrations of AMP, MA, MDA, and MDMA in abusers' hair samples were measured 0.17∼2.88, 2.09∼18.34, 0.24∼3.83, and 3.10∼22.81 ng/mg, respectively. The ratios of MA/AMP and MDMA/MDA ranged 5.67∼49.57 and 4.78∼54.31, respectively. This assay has been successfully utilized in the evaluation of the deposition of amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS) in human hair.

면역분석법에서 암페타민류의 교차 반응성 (Cross-reactivity of Amphetamine Analogues in Various Immunoassays)

  • 박미정;최화경;최상길;손행자;임미애;정희선
    • 약학회지
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    • 제47권5호
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    • pp.266-270
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    • 2003
  • We evaluated four commercially available methamphetamine immunoassays for their relative cross-reactivities of amphetamine analogues in human urine: Abbott TDx, Vitalab Selectra and on-site test kits (Accusign MET, SD bioline MET). High cross-reactivities were shown at designer's drugs such as methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) and methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDEA) in all of the tested immunoassays. Methoxyphenamine, fenfluramine and phentermine were positive in TDx and Selectra, but were not positive in on-site test kits. Pseudoephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, ephedrine, norephedrine, MDMA, MDA, fenfluramine and phentermine were detected by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(GC/MS) in false positive urines. Since the overall specificity of any of the devices was not 100%, we found it is important to confirm any positive screening test result, so we developed simultaneous determination of amphetamine analogues in urines. After alkalinization of the urine samples with 6-N NaOH, the analytes were extracted using ethyl acetate, derivatized with pentafluoropropyl anhydride (PFPA) prior at GC/MS analysis.

타액 중 페닐알킬아민유도체류의 일제분석법 확립 (Development of Simultaneous Quantification Method of Phenylalkylamines in Oral Fluid)

  • 최혜영;백승경;장문희;최화경;정희선
    • 약학회지
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    • 제55권2호
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    • pp.145-153
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    • 2011
  • A simultaneous detection and quantification method for determining the Phenylalkylamine derivatives, such as methamphetamine (MA), amphetamine (AM), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), ketamine (KT), norketamine (NKT), phentermine (PT), fenfluramine (FFA) and phenmetrazine (PM), in oral fluid was developed and validated according to international guidelines. The validated method was applied to actual oral fluid samples collected from drug abuse suspects. The recovery of phenylalkylamines from oral fluid collection devices was also assessed. Oral fluid specimens from 20 drug abuse suspects submitted by the police were collected using Salivette$^{TM}$, Quantisal$^{TM}$ or direct expectoration. The samples were screened using a biochip array analyzer. For confirmation, the samples were analyzed by GC-MS in selected-ion monitoring (SIM) mode after extraction using automated SPE with a mixed-mode cation exchange cartridge and derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). The results from the immunoassay were consistent with those from GC-MS. All the oral fluid samples gave positive results for MA, AM, PT and/or PM. The detection of phenylalkylamines in oral fluid can provide a better indication of recent use than urine or hair. Therefore, the oral fluid specimen was useful for demonstrating phenylalkylamines abuse in the driving under the influence of drug (DUID) as an alternative specimen for urine.