• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.603-616
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• 2009

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the subjective opinions of first-generation Korean-Americans about survival. Methods: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. The 34 selected Q-statements from each of 38 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL/WIN program. Results: Four types of survival attitudes from 38 first-generation Korean-Americans were identified. Type I was a satisfaction type based on belief, Type II was an effort type based on purpose, Type III was an isolation type based on ethnicity, and Type IV was a compromise type based on adaptation. Results of this study indicate that approaches to a minority's survival strategies need to be differentiated taking this typology and various subject characteristics into account. Conclusion: This information may provide a basic understanding for healthcare providers who work with first-generation Korean-Americans.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.4_spc
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• pp.345-359
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• 2014

Technological, policy and economic factors are both important variables in maximizing the results of a national R&D program and key indicators in evaluating an R&D program's eligibility for financial support. Economic analysis, in particular, is used when selecting R&D programs, setting priorities, and estimating economic effects. This paper examines a series of methodological issues related to the economic analysis of national R&D programs within the framework of the current preliminary feasibility evaluation system, and proposes alternative approaches to each of the issues discussed. The issues include the definition of R&D valuation and establishment of valuation factors; estimation of sales attributable to R&D investment; assessment of the total economic value of R&D as intellectual assets; estimation of R&D benefits and assumption of related to sales; and the application of discount rates based on the weighted average cost of capital. Finally, this study presents directions for future research on analytical procedures and methods of improving the reliability of the results of economic analysis within the national technology planning system.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.704-713
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was done to identify the parenting experience of mothers of premature infants in order to provide basic data for educational solutions and desirable directions. Methods: Q-methodology was used as it provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item. The participants were 33 mothers of premature infants who sorted 34 selected Q-statements which were then classified into the shape of a normal distribution using a 9-point scale. Subjectivity on parenting experience among the mothers was analyzed using the pc-QUANAL program. Results: Four types of parenting experience were identified. Type I was named 'struggling', type II, 'self blame', type III, 'information collecting', and type IV, 'self-introspection'. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that different approaches to educational programs are needed for mothers of premature infants based on the four types of parenting experience.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.233-243
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the subjectivity of undergraduate students about well-dying. Method: Q-methodology, which is effective in scientifically measuring individual subjectivity, was used. The result of the Q-short of the 34 Q-statements by 42 participants was analyzed using the PQM program. Result: Four cognitive types of subjectivity about well-dying were identified and labeled as follows. Type 1: oriental and family-centered type, Type 2: Individual and fate-adapted type, Type 3: altruistic and afterlife-centered type, Type 4: self-leading and secularistic type. Conclusions: Undergraduate students have a well-dying concept which tends to be self-centered and secularistic. At the same times, they also have a well-dying concept which has a basically oriental view, that is, family-centered and fate-adapted views.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.905-916
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the types of suicide attitudes among the Korean elderly. Method: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four selected Q-statements from 38 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distributionusing a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Result: Three types of suicide attitudes for research subjects in Korean elderly were identified. Type I is understanding suicide-self conquest and labor type, Type II is opposing suicide-family band foundation type, and Type III is sympathizing with suicide-painful situation escaping type. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that different approaches of suicide prevention programs are recommended based on the three types of suicide attitudes among Korean elderly.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.111-121
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze attitudes toward a successful life of students majoring in nursing science. Method: The Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each items was used. The 32 selected Q-statements from each of 36 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Result: Four types of successful life attitudes for research subjects in nursing science were identified. Type I is purpose achievement type, Type II is calling fullness type, Type III is balance maintenance type, and Type IV is happiness eagerness type. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that different approaches to nursing professional education programs are recommended based on the four types of successful life attitudes.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.188-205
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• 2018

For STEM education science teachers usually choose topics which are related to both science and other disciplinary contents. Nevertheless it is not clear for the teachers to adopt what kind of criteria for their choices. Interdisciplinary teaching is not a mixture of science content with another one from different disciplines as resources for the content teaching. Instead the criteria and perspectives for the integration need to be clearly defined. In this study we investigated how to integrate science and other disciplines in terms of interdisciplinary teaching. Family resemblance approach by Wittgenstein, recently revised by Erduran and Dagher, was applied to comparative analysis of science, math, and physical education curriculum documents in Korea. Aim and value, methodological rules and methods, knowledge, and activities in each discipline were compared and analyzed with the view of FRA. Results of the study described alternative criteria of how to find appropriate topics for interdisciplinary teaching.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a tool to assess degree of health promotion behavior for infants & toddlers. Method: The research design was a methodological study. The tool was developed in 4 stages: first, preliminary items were developed based on a questionnaire that was given to 20 mothers of infants & toddlers second, a panel of specialists reduced the preliminary items using 3 validity tests; third, final items were selected from the results of a test with a sample of 262 families. Results: The final tool to measure the health promotion behavior consisted of 35 items and the Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .884. Using factor analysis, a 7 factor solution explained 45.6% of the total variance. Conclusion: This tool can be effectively utilized for child health care.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.265-272
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop a Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief Scale (MFIBS). Method: The research design was a methodological study. The items generated for this scale were drawn from a comprehensive literature review. Content validity was established for the MFIBS. The 26-item scale was developed to measure the construct of the MFIBS during pregnancy and tested on 186 pregnant women. Results: The final tool consist of 20 items which were sorted into 6 factors by factor analysis. The factors were identified as 'influence of pregnancy (5 items)', 'ability of fetus (3 items)', 'maternal-fetal interaction behavior (3 items)', 'practice of taegyo (3 items)', 'ability of infant (3 items)', and 'taemong (3 items)'. The six factors explained 62.37% of the total variance in the MFIBS. The Cronbach's alpha coefficient for internal consistency was .81 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60-.85 Guttman split-half coefficient was .66. Conclusions: This scale proves to be a effective, useful tool and suitable in Korean women for measuring the Maternal-Fetal Interaction Belief. Future studies are required for further refinement of the scale.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.823-834
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze types of nurse's attitudes toward the aging process. Methods: A Q-methodology which provides a method of analyzing the subjectivity of each item was used. Thirty-four selected Q-statements from each of 38 subjects were classified into a shape of normal distribution using a 9 point scale. The collected data was analyzed using a QUANL PC program. Results: Five types of attitudes towards the aging process from research subjects in Korean nurses were identified. Type I is a positive acceptance type, Type II is a negative acceptance type, Type III is a passive coping type, Type IV is an active coping type, and Type V is an ambiguous acceptance type. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that different approaches of educational programs for elderly care are recommended based on the five types of nurse's attitude toward the aging process.