• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1783-1790
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• 2013

A simultaneous analytical method has been developed for the fluorimetric determination of haloacetonitriles (HANs) [dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN), trichloroacetonitrile (TCAN), dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN), haloacetamides [dichloroacetamide (DCAD), and trichloroacetamde (TCAD)] in drinking water by using the combined on-line perconcentration/reversed phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)-postcolumn detection system. This on-line perconcentration system was achieved by employing a precolumn packed with a commercial solid phase extraction (SPE) sorbent for the enrichment and purification of the target analytes. The haloacetonitriles and haloacetamides were separated on CN analytical column in a 7.5% methanol-0.02 M phosphate buffered mobile phase at pH 3. The column effluents were reacted with postcolumn reagents of ophthaldialdehyde (OPA) and sulfite ion at pH 11.5, to produce a highly fluorescent isoindole fluorophore, which were measured with a fluorescence detector. Under the optimized conditions for RPLC and the postcolumn derivatization system all of the coefficient of determination of the standard calibration curves for the target analytes were over 0.99 and had a linear range from 5 to 100 ${\mu}g/L$. The detection limits showed 1.6 ${\mu}g/L$ for DCAD, 0.1 ${\mu}g/L$ for TCAD, 0.6 ${\mu}g/L$ for DCAN, 1.6 ${\mu}g/L$ for TCAN and 1 ${\mu}g/L$ for DBAN, and the recoveries were ranged from 64 to 99% except for DCAD with precisions less than 4.9% in distilled water, and from 72(${\pm}4%$) to 116%(${\pm}2%$) in tap water.

• Environmental Mutagens and Carcinogens
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.51-56
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• 2001

Kimchi is a major Korean traditional fermented food, as a supplying source of vitamin and minerals which is prepared with various vegetables and condiments such as red pepper, garlic and salted fish etc. There are many types of Kimchi depending on the ingredients and preparation methods used. To investigate the clastogenicity and anticlastogenicity of Baechu (Chinese cabbage) Kimchi and Buchu (leek, Allium odorum) Kimchi in mouse, it was performed acridine orange supravital staining of micronucleus (AOSS-MN) assay using mouse peripheral reticulocytes. Baechu Kimchi and Buchu Kimchi were cultivated by organic agricultural technique, and Kimchi samples were prepared by methanol extraction and lyophilization. First of all, it was studied the clastogenicity of two Kimchi samples themselves (250-1,000 mg/kg) after oral adminstration in mouse. And also to study the anticlastogenic effect of oral administration of Kimchi samples, mitomycin C (MMC, 1 mg/kg, i.p.) was used as micronucleus inducing agent in this study. Dosing scheme was performed as simultaneous (co-treatment), 3 hr before (pre-treatment) and 3 hr after (post-treatment) with MMC treatment. Two Kimchi samples in the range of 250-1,000 mg/kg did not reveal any clastogenic effect in AOSS-MN assay in mouse. They also revealed anticlastogenic effects in post-treatment of Baechu Kimchi (1,000 mg/kg), and in pre-treatment of Buchu Kimchi (500 and 1,000 mg/kg) with statistical significance. The anticlastogenic effect revealed 1 and 6 hr after treatment of Baechu Kimchi, and Buchu Kimchi with 3 and 6 hr pretreatment. Consequently, it is suggested that antimutagenic and anticlastogenic mechanisms of Baechu and Buchu Kimchi in vivo attributed to sipindle formation and kinetic behavior of mutagens such as absorption and metabolism etc.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1097-1101
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to identify and quantify glucosinolates (GSLs) in Brassica napus cv. Hanakkori and its parents and to evaluate its potential bitter taste. 'Hanakkori' materials were cultivated with commercial chemical nutrients (20 kg/ha, N-P-K: 16-10-10) at the field. GSLs were isolated by means of extraction with 70%(v/v) boiling methanol (MeOH) followed by desulfation from those plants by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identified by electronic spray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) analysis. In 'Hanakkori', 11 GSLs were identified as progoitrin, glucoraphanin, glucoalyssin, gluconapoleiferin, gluconapin, 1-methylpropyl, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, 4-methoxyglucobrassicin, gluconasturtiin, and neoglucobrassicin. The total GSL contents were 109 and 36.1 mmol/kg dry weights (d.w.) for the seeds and edible parts, respectively. The major GSLs (>5 mmol/kg d.w.) in the seeds were progoitrin (78.8), gluconapin (10.7), and glucobrassicanapin (7.81), whereas they in the edible parts were progoitrin (16.1) and glucobrassicanapin (8.58). In addition, the bitter taste in the edible parts was presumably related with the presence of progoitrin (>45% to the total GSL).

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.342-348
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• 2011

Bacillus subtilis EBS05, an endophytic bacteria strain isolated from a medicinal plant Cinnamomum camphor, can produce antagonistic compounds that effectively inhibit plant pathogenic fungi. The greenhouse experiments showed that wheat sharp eyespot disease (WSED) was reduced by 91.2%, 88.2% and 43.0% after the treatment with fermentation broth, bacteria-free filter and a fungicide fludioxonil, respectively. The culture broth of strain EBS05 can more effectively control WSED than can fludioxonil. The fermentation broth and bacteria-free filter ability to suppress WSED was not significantly different, suggesting that an active secreted substance played a major role in controlling WSED. Separation and purification of the active compounds was carried out by serial processes, including hydrochloric acid (pH 2.0) treatment, methanol extraction and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, silica gel column chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. The purified compounds, one of active peaks in the HPLC spectrum, were obtained from the collection. Analysis of the chemical structures by time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) showed that the active substances produced by the endophytic bacteria EBS05 are mixture of the ${\beta}$-hydroxy-C12~C15-$Leu^7$ surfactin A isomers with 1035.65 Da, 1021.64 Da, 1007.63 Da and 993.65 Da molecular weights, respectively.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.63-67
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• 2009

To increase utilities as functional materials, 173 strains of silkworm genetic resources in the form of silkworm powder were evaluated for antioxidative capacity, with minilum L-100 device and ARAW-KIT (anti-radical ability of water soluble substance). Silkworm powder was prepared with freezing method from silkworms at 5th instar 3rd day larvae. All strains of silkworm powder were prepared with 80% methanol extraction. The data of pupation rate, longevity of silkmoth with origin and voltinism were used for data base of silkworm genetic resources. The weight of a silkworm larva with freezing method at 5th instar 3rd day was measured. The average of antioxidative capacity of 173 silkworm strains was 429.68 nmol. The analysis of correlation among variables was significant, showing negative correlation of the antioxidative capacity with longevity of silk moth and weight of 5th instar silkworm larva. The strains from the tropic, Europe and some other origins were comparatively high. In conclusion, short longevity and low weight of 5th instar silkworm larvae showed comparatively effective antioxidative capacity.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.8-13
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• 2009

This study investigated the hypoglycemic effect of fermented soymilk extract (FSE) in STZ-induced diabetic mice. FSE was prepared via fermentation of soymilk with Bacillus subtilis followed by methanol extraction. The hypoglycemic effect was determined by inhibitory activities against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase as well as the alleviation of postprandial glucose level. The non-fermented soymilk extract (SE) was used as control in this experiment. FSE showed higher (p<0.05) inhibitory activities than SE against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase. The $IC_{50}$ values of FSE for ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase were 0.77 ancd 0.94 mg/mL, respectively, which were comparable or even superior to those of acarbose (0.79 and 0.68 mg/mL, respectively). In addition, a further suppression on the postprandial blood glucose levels were observed in the FSE than SE group for both STZ-induced diabetic mice and normal mice. Furthermore, FSE significantly lowered the incremental area under the curve (AUC) in the diabetic mice and the AUC in normal mice corroborated the hypoglycemic effect of FSE (p<0.05). Results from this study suggest that FSE may help decrease the postprandial blood glucose level via inhibiting ${\alpha}$-glucosidase and ${\alpha}$-amylase and the usefulness of FSE was proven to be better than SE.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.328-336
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• 2011

A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detector (DAD) method was established for the discrimination of a folk medicine Forsythia suspensa and Forsythia viridissima. Five and three representative metabolites of the lignan and phenolic glycoside classes were selected for the analysis from F. suspensa and F. viridissima, respectively. The optimal chromatographic conditions were obtained on an ODS column (5 ${\mu}m$, $4.6{\times}250$ mm) with the column temperature at $40^{\circ}C$. The mobile phase was composed of methanol and 0.3% acetic acid using an isocratic elution with the flow rate 1 mL/min. Detection wavelength was set at 280 nm. All calibration curves showed good linear regression ($r^2$ > 0.996) within test ranges. Limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantitation (LOQ) values were lower than 0.096 and 0.291 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The developed method provided satisfactory precision and accuracy with overall intra-day and inter-day variations of 0.07-0.63% and 0.14-0.62%, respectively, and the overall recoveries of 97.79-102.46% for all of the compounds analyzed. In addition, effectiveness of diverse extraction methods was compared to each other for the development of standard analytical method. The verified method was successfully applied to the quantitative determination of representative metabolites in fifty-three commercial F. suspensa samples and fifteen commercial F. viridissima samples from diverse sources. The overall analytical results showed the unequivocal differences in bioactive constituents between F. suspensa and F. viridissima.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Natural colorant extracts were obtained by extraction from tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea using water, methanol, ethanol and acetone as extractants at room temperature for 3 hours under shaking condition(180rpm) with liquor ratio(solid:solvent; 1:100). The main pigment components of tumeric root, gardenia seeds, mugwort and green tea are known to be curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate, respectively. The effects of the kind of extractant and pH on the color characteristics of natural colorant extracts were investigated. The solubility parameters of pigment components were determined to find adequate extractant. The solubility parameters of curcumin, crocin, chlorophyll b and epigallocatechin gallate were found to be 27.85, 29.40, 19.48 and $37.97(J/cm^3)^{1/2}$. As expected, solvents that have a solubility parameter similar to that of pigment component were generally found to be effective to obtain pigment extracts having high visible absorbance(A). The extract(pigment/solvent) with high visible absorbance was generally found to have low $L^*$(lightness) and high Chroma($C^*$, purity).

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 2009

Fluoroquinolones in muscle and egg were separated by liquid extraction and determined. The analysis was carried out using following conditions; C18 column ($150{\times}4.6mm$, $5{\mu}m$), mobile phase composed of D.W. (containing 0.4% triethylamine and phosphoric acid) : methanol : acetonitrile (780:100:120, v/v/v), quarternary pump at a flow rate of 0.9ml/min and $20{\mu}l$ of injection volume, fluorescence detector with EX 278nm/Em 456nm. The calibration range of seven fluoroquinolones showed linearity ($r^2{\geq}0.999$) at concentration range of $0.025{\sim}0.8{\mu}g/ml$. The recoveries in fortified muscle and egg represented more than 81.3%. The detection limits for ofloxacin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, enrofloxacin, danofloxacin, saraloxacin and orbifloxacin were 3.1, 2.5, 3.6, 1.7, 0.9, 2.5 and $2.1{\mu}g/kg$, respectively. We also monitored fluoroquinolones residue in the sample (chicken muscle 182, cattle muscle 140, pig muscle 139, egg 212) using EEC-plate (E. coli ATCC 11303) screening and HPLC confirmation methods. The screening test results, fluoroquinolones, antibacterial substances were all negative.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.78-83
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• 1994

Membrane-bound alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) was purified to homogeneous state fron an acetic acid producing bacteria, Acetobacter sp. HA. The enzyme was purified about 153-fold with an overall yield of 35% from the crude cell extract by solubilization and extraction of the enzyme with Triton X-100 and subsequent fractions by column chromatography. Upon sodium dodecyl sulphate-PAGE, the enzyme showed the presence of three subunits with a molecular mass of 79,000 daltons, 49,000, and 45,000 daltons, respectively. Absorption oxidized aliphatic alcohols with a straight carbon chain except for methanol. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and glutaraldehyde were also oxidizable substrates. The apparent $K_m$ for ethanol was 1.38mM. The optimun pH and temperature were 5.0~6.0 and 32${\circ}C$, respectively. $V_2O_5$ and heavy metals such as $ZnCl_2\;and\; NiCl_2$ were inhibitory to the enzyme activity.