• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2012

The effects of methanol extract of the leaves of Brassica juncea and its major component, isorhamnetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside on hepatic alcohol metabolizing enzymes were investigated. The methanol extract and isorhamnetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside supplementations increased the activities of microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and aldehyde dehydrogenase in a dose-dependent manner, and had mild effects on the activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and catalase. Isorhamnetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside alleviated the adverse effect of ethanol ingestion by enhancing the activities of alcohol oxidizing emzymes, microsomal ethanol oxidizing system and aldehyde dehydrogenase.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.375-380
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• 2015

Recently, methane has attracted much attention as an alternative carbon feedstock since it is the major component of abundant shale and natural gas. In this work, we produced methanol from methane using whole cells of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b as the biocatalyst. M. trichosporium OB3b was cultured on NMS medium with a supply of 7:3 air/methane ratio at 30℃. The optimal concentrations of various methanol dehydrogenase inhibitors such as potassium phosphate and EDTA were determined to be 100 and 0.5 mM, respectively, for an efficient production of methanol. Sodium formate (40 mM) as a reducing power source was added to enhance the conversion efficiency. A productivity of 49.0 mg/l·h, titer of 0.393 g methanol/l, and conversion of 73.8% (mol methanol/mol methane) were obtained under the optimized batch condition.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.163-163
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• 2008

Methylophaga aminisulfidivorans $MP^T$, a restricted facultative marine methylotrophic bacterium, was able to utilize methanol as a sole carbon and energy source, and possessed a methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) that is a key enzyme in the process of methanol oxidation. During purification of MDH, three types of MDH (MDH I, II, and III) were obtained in the cell free extracts from $MP^T$ cells grown on methanol. When analyzed by SDS-PAGE and ESI-FT ICR MS, MDH I was confirmed to consist of two subunits and with molecular masses of ~66 and ~10 kDa, respectively, in a form of ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2$. While MDH II and MDH III contained an additional ~30 kDa protein, designated ${\gamma}$, in a form of ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2{\gamma}$ and ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2{\gamma}_2$, respectively. MDH III showed 1.5.2.0 times higher activity than MDH II, while MDH I remained the lowest activity. Based on these observations and experimental data, it seems that the original MDH conformation is ${\alpha}_2{\beta}_2{\gamma}2$ within $MP^T$ growing on methanol, and subunit ${\gamma}$ keeps MDH in an active form, and/or makes MDH easily bind to the substrate, methanol.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.204-209
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• 2011

This study investigated the effects of mulberry fruit extract on antioxidant activities and the alleviation of an alcoholinduced hangover, which was measured with alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) enzyme activity. The antioxidative capacity of each mulberry extract was measured by total phenolic compounds, electron donating ability, superoxide dismutase-like ability, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and nitrite scavenging ability. The 60% methanol extract yielded the highest total phenolic compounds. The electron donating ability of the 40% ethanol and 40% methanol extracts were 68% and 67%, respectively. The superoxide dismutase-like abilities of the 40% methanol and 40% ethanol extracts were 30% and 28%, respectively, when extracts were assayed at 2.5 mg/$m\ell$. The nitrite scavenging ability of the 60% ethanol and 40% methanol extracts were 98% and 97%, respectively. The 60% ethanol extract yielded the highest ADH.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.216-220
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• 2006

Thermophillic fungus Thermoascus aurantiacus showed excellent growth and produced high amount of alcohol oxidase and catalase in a pectin medium. Besides, the strain produced enzymes which related with pectin or alcohol decomposition. We detected extracellular pectin esterase (EC 3.1.1.11) activity and, both intracellular and extracellular pectinase (EC 4.2.2.10) activity, as pectinolytic enzymes produced by T. aurantiacus. The production of methanol decomposition enzymes, such as alcohol oxidase (AOD, EC 1.1.3.13), alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH, EC 1.1.1.1), formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FADH, EC 1.2.1.1) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH, EC 1.2.1.2) follows by pectin esterase reaction which is converted to methanol. We concluded that T. aurantiacus has pectinolytic and alcohol - oxidative enzymological mechanism which produced carbon dioxide as a final material, started from pectin.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2009

The antifertility activity of methanol extract of Cuscuta reflexa Roxb. stem (MECR) and Corchorus olitorius Linn. seed (MECO) were studied on male Swiss albino mice. The extracts were found to decrease sperm count, percentage of motile sperm and testosterone level in treated mice when compared with vehicle control after 17 days of treatment. The weight of gonads, epididymis were decreased whereas no significant changes of the body weight of mice were observed after methanol extract treatments. The fertility test showed 100% negative result in MECR and MECO treated mice at medium and high dose level of treatment. MECR and MECO in low (25 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg, respectively), medium (50 mg/kg and 20 mg/kg, respectively) and high (75 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively) dose level caused a simultaneous fall in testicular ${\Delta}5$-$3{\beta}$-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities which are involved in testicular steroidogenesis. Total cholesterol and ascorbic acid content in testis were increased significantly in gonads. The activities of lactate dehydrogenase, malic dehydrogenase and ascorbic acid oxidase were reduced whereas that of carbonic anhydrase was increased significantly in the testis of MECR and MECO treated mice. All these observations indicate that the methanol extract of C. reflexa stem and C. olitorius seed produced antifertility activity in sexually matured male mice, which may be due to inhibition of gonadal steroidogenesis. This activity may be attributed due to the presence of flavonoids and steroids, respectively.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.303-306
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• 2009

The defatted methanol extract of Raphanus sativus Linn. (Cruciferae) seed (MERS) was evaluated for its antisteroidogenic potential in mature female Swiss albino mice. The methanol extract at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight significantly elevated the levels of cholesterol and ascorbic acid contents which serve as a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones in ovaries. The extract also significantly inhibited glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and ${\Delta}^5-3{\beta}$-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase, the two key enzymes involved in ovarian steroidogenesis. Hence the extract (MERS) exhibited significant antisteroidogenic activity.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.499-502
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• 2005

Methylophaga sp. strain SK1 is a new restricted facultative methanol-oxidizing bacterium that was isolated from seawater. The aim of this study was to characterize the electron carriers involved in the methanol oxidation process in Methylophaga sp. strain SK1. The gene encoding cytochrome $c_L$ (mxaG) was cloned and the recombinant gene was expressed in Escherichia coli $DH5\alpha$ under strict anaerobic conditions. The recombinant cytochrome $c_L$ had the same molecular weight and absorption spectra as the wild-type cytochrome $c_L$ both in the reduced and oxidized forms. The electron flow rate from methanol dehydrogenase (MDH) to the recombinant cytochrome $c_L$ was similar to that from MDH to the wild-type cytochrome $c_L$. These results suggest that recombinant cytochrome $c_L$ acts as a physiological primary electron acceptor for MDH.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.207-211
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• 1998

Melhylovorus sp. strain SS1 grown on methanol was found to show activities of key enzymes of the linear route, $NAD^+$-linked formaldehyde and formate dehydrogenases, and the cyclic route, hexulose-6-phosphate synthase, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, for formaldehyde oxidation. The activities of the cyclic route enzymes were higher than those of the linear route enzymes. The bacterium also exhibited activities of the key enzymes of the ribulose monophosphate and Entner-Doudoroff pathways and transaldolase involved in the formaldehyde assimilation and the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of extracellular polysaccharide. Cells grown in the presence of 2.3 mM ammonium sulfate were higher in the productivity of extracellular polysaccharide, but lower in the growth yield, than those grown in the presence 7.6 mM ammonium sulfate. The activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, phosphoglucomutase, and UDP-pyrophosphorylase in cells grown under nitrogen-limited condition were higher, but that of 6-phosphogluconate dehydratase/2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase was lower, than those in cells grown in the presence of sufficient amount of nitrogen source.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.261-266
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• 1993

A new methyltrophic bacterium which utilizes methanol as a sole source of carbon and energy was isolated from soil. It was Gram-negative, nonmotile, nonspore-forming rod, and strictly aerobic bacterium. Catalase and oxidase activities were present. Nitrate was reduced to nitrite. Vitamins and other growth factors were not required. Generation time was 1.6 hr under the optimal condition. The isolate assimilated methanol via the ribulose mono-phosphate pathway (Enter-Doudoroff varient) and did not have .alpha.-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. It assimilated ammonia through glutamate dehydrogenase. The guanine plus cytosine content of the DNA was 61.0 mol%. The celular fatty acid composition was primarily straight-chain saturated $C^{16 : 0}$ acids (palmitic acids) and unsaturated $C_{16 :1}$ acid (palmitoleic acids), and the isolate also contained two unidentified $C_{17}$ branched fatty acids. The major ubiquinone was Q-8, and Q-6 and Q-7 were present as minor components. Phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol were predominantly present, and diphosphatidyglycerol was also detected. Based on the physiological and biochemical properties, the isolate was assigned to a novel species of the genus Methylobacillus, Methylobacillus methanolovorus sp. nov.