• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.4
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• pp.429-437
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• 1999

Heavy metals(Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn) in tree rings of P. thunbergii growing at Onsan Industrial Complex of air polluted area were analyzed to study the condition of heavy metal pollution. The tree ring width began to decrease after operation of factories and decreased abruptly at Onsan Industrial Complex after 1991. Cd contents in tree rings showed 119.4ppb to 867.0ppb level and suddenly increased after 1991. Cu contents showed 309.5ppb to 3686.8ppb, and Pb contents 911.33ppb to 7997.1ppb and fluctuations of those were high after operation of factories. Zn contents showed the highest level of 3528.7ppb to 23826.7ppb and largely ascended after 1960, and increased suddenly after 1992, as compared to former tendency. On the other hand, heavy metal contents in tree rings of P. thunbergii at Gosung of non-air polluted area were far lower than Onsan I. C., and there was a wide difference between both areas after 1990. On the heavy metal contents accumulated in bark of P. thunbergii of both areas, it was higher to 10 times in Cd, 1,000 times in Cu, 285 times in Pb and 133 times in Zn contents at Onsan than at Gosung. In the heavy metal analysis for circle plate and cores, heavy metal contents in cores were generally higher than those in disk and Pb contents showed specially high difference, but pattern of variation by tree age showed a similar tendency.

• International Journal of Contents
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Existing improvement measures for resource management are merely concentrating on the document automation only. In addition, such improvements rarely benefit metal millwork management. Following the trend of constructing high rise and multi-complex buildings, the importance of resource management from the aspect of construction project management is being emphasized. Metal work resources are critical most of construction projects, it became a target for special management. Therefore, the study has determined work process of metal work resource management, for the metal millwork is one of the most important construction materials most of construction projects, and proposed a web based module for improving the management task.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.241-250
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• 1994

This research was carried out to investigate how the growth of corn was affected by the heavy metal contents in soils near the old zinc-mining sites, by analyzing correlation between the growth of corn and heavy metal contents in soils collected from Yonghari Ilwoulmyun YongyangGun in Kyeongpook province in 1993. The results obtained were summarized as follows. 1. The contents of heavy metals such as Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, and as in the Youngyang area were very high compared with those in a normal area. Heavy metal contents in soils collected from $2.0{\sim}2.5Km$ distance from the mining area were the highest, and those from 3.0 Km than those from 1.5 Km were even higher. 2. For heavy metal contents in leaves of all surveyed crops, Zn, Pb, Cu and As were the highest in soybean, followed by corn and rice. 3. Growth parameters of corn in polluted fields were comparatively poor and heavy metal contents in soils of the respective sites were higher than those in fields where rice was cultivated 8 years ago and irrigation was not done previously. 4. Heavy metal contents in the leaf part of corn plant showed a similar tendency to those in soils, being the highest among the different parts of corn plant, and they were in the decreasing order of Zn > Cu > As > Cd > Pb in each part. But the differences of metal contents in each part varied. 5. Generally, a negative relationship existed between the growth of corn and heavy metal contents in soil, of which Cu and Pb were significantly correlated with plant height, ear height, diameter of stem, ear length and yield of corn. 6. There existed a positive correlation between the contents of Pb,Cd and As in soils and those in the different parts of corn plant. The higher contents of Pb, Cd, and As in soil, the more those in corn plant incressed. The contents of Pb and As in corn grains showed a highly significant positive correlation with Cd and As contents in soils.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.898-901
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• 2001

This study was carried out to research on the heavy metal contents of domestic and imported medicinal herbs. The heavy metals contents in 116 samples of 51 types of medicinal herbs were measured by using a modified Monier-Williams, mercury analyzer and inductively coupled plasma spectrometer(ICP). The heavy metal contents of medicinal herbs were as follows; Hg: 0.010(domestic: 0.010, imported: 0.010), Pb: 0.380(0.311, 0.449), Cd: 0.080(0.101, 0.059), As: 2.085(1.845, 2.324), Mn: 31.564(33.844, 29.283), Zn: 15.436(18.703, 12.168), Cu: 3.406(3.374, 3.437), Fe: 134.944(108.327, 161.561) by ppm unit. The measured values of Pb and Cd of domestic and imported medicinal herbs showed lower levels than the recommended levels of those in medicinal herbs by WHO/PHARM (Pb: not more than 10 ppm, Cd: not more than 0.3 ppm). Finally, this results will be used as a basic data for the future legislation on the regulation and control of heavy metal contents of medicinal herbs.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.561-568
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• 2009

We determined the contents of heavy metals in the muscle of wild and cultured fishes, collected from fish markets located in the eastern (Pohang), western (Gunsan), and southern (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea, from 2004 to 2005. As the results of monitoring the heavy metal contents in spring season, the wild fishes contained the range of Cd (0.01-0.08 mg/kg), Cr (ND-0.28 mg/kg), Cu (0.06-1.53 mg/kg), Hg (0.02-0.16 mg/kg), Mn (0.04-1.15 mg/kg), Ni (ND-0.09 mg/kg), Pb (0.03-0.41 mg/kg), and Zn (1.84-6.61 mg/kg). While for the cultured fishes, Cd (0.01-0.05 mg/kg), Cr (ND-0.17 mg/kg), Cu (0.05-0.61 mg/kg), Hg (0.02-0.13 mg/kg), Mn (0.03-0.17 mg/kg), Ni (ND-0.08 mg/kg), Pb (0.03-0.33 mg/kg), and Zn (2.06-6.20 mg/kg) were contained. In summer season, the contents of heavy metal in the muscle of the wild fishes were as follows: Cd (ND-0.11 mg/kg), Cr (0.01-0.37 mg/kg), Cu (0.21-1.31 mg/kg), Hg (0.01-0.11 mg/kg), Mn (ND-1.47 mg/kg), Ni (ND-0.26 mg/kg), Pb (0.06-0.48 mg/kg), and Zn (2.94-14.38 mg/kg). In comparison, the contents of heavy metal in the muscle of cultured fishes were Cd (ND-0.05 mg/kg), Cr (0.13-0.33 mg/kg), Cu (0.19-0.56 mg/kg), Hg (0.05-0.26 mg/kg), Mn (ND-0.14 mg/kg), Ni (ND-0.58 mg/kg), Pb (0.07-0.45 mg/kg), and Zn (2.43-7.53 mg/kg). Also the fall and the winter season, the heavy metal contents in the fishes showed almost similar with other season, however, Pb was lower and Zn was higher than both spring and summer season. The wild fishes contained the heavy metals a little more than the cultured fishes. We could not observe clear seasonal variation in the heavy metal contents of the fishes. The levels of Hg and Pb in all samples tested did not exceed the maximum permissible levels in the fishes set by the Korean Food & Drug Agency for safe human consumption.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.233-238
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• 2011

Smilax china L. rhizome extract(SCE), called 'Tobokreung' in Korean traditional medicine was investigated the influence on heavy metal contents(particularly Pb, Cd, As, and Hg) in Sprague-Dawley rats for 3 weeks. The test groups were divided into 4 group, normal, control, and SCE feeding groups, SC1(13 mg/kg) and SC2(26 mg/kg), respectively. The three group except normal group, were fed heavy metal such as Pb, Cd, As, and Hg. Body weight gain and the weight of target organs (liver and kidney) were determined and had not shown significant differences. Pb, Cd, and As contents in the kidney of SCE feeding groups were tended to decrease after 3 weeks, and SC2 group showed remarkably decrease of them. In the liver, the 3 heavy metal contents except Cd of SC2 group, were decreased rather than that of control group. Pb contents in the serum and the hair of the SC2 group showed significantly decreasing. All the taken together, we investigated the effect of SCE on the 4 heavy metal contents in rats for 3 weeks, and found out that more dosage of SCE made lower heavy metal contents in vivo, for the first time.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2003

To consider environmental characteristics in the scope of geochemistry of streams, Hwasun area, soil, sediment and water samples near/in the streams were analyzed in texture and metal contents of soil and sediment and in quality in water. From those analyses, the soils are loamy sand, sandy loam, loam and silty loam in texture. And, the sediments are slightly gravelly sand, gravelly sand and gravelly muddy sand in facies. Metal contents in soils and sediments are of high near Hwasuneup and Hwasun coalfield. In peculiar, P, Co, Li, Ni, Zn and Pb exceed over crust mean contents. Physico-chemistry of above streams according to pH-Eh and Piper's diagrams indicates that the streams are, typically, assigned to natural river water. Water qualities of BOD, T-N and T-P in areas near Hwasun coalfield, Dongmyeon and Hwasuneup are polluted over V level. Enrichment factor(EF) representing metal condensation in P, Cu, Zn and Pb appear near Hwasun coalfield and Hwasuneup from the soil and sediment samples, in part. Additionally, river water in dry season is very high in BOD, T-N, $Na^+$ and ${SO_4}^{2-}$. It is suggested that the relatively high metal contents in the stream be connected with above coalfield and urban areas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.131-137
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• 2006

This study was investigated the contents of heavy metals in plants at Dalcheun mine area, in order to offer basic data for phytoremedation on soil contamination by heavy metals. As the results of this study, the contents of Ni, As, Cd in plants were the highest at the west area of Dalcheun mine area. But the content of Zn was similar in all of Dalcheun mine area. For the herbaceous plants, the contents of heavy metals were higher in plants which were included in Gramineae and Compositae than any other families. And then the contents of Ni, Zn, Cd in root were higher $1.4{\sim}1.8$ times than stem, especially the content of As was higher 4 times. For the trees, the contents of heavy metals were usually high in Zanthoxylum piperitum, Pine tree, Chestnut tree, Quercus acutissima and Lindera obtusiloba. The contents of heavy metals with parts of tree were almost same range. All experimental result, we paid attention on two conclusions. First, the contents of heavy metals in herbs was higher than in trees. And second, if there were some spices that the content of heavy metal in leave were higher than in root, they could accumulate that kind of heavy metal. Therefore, It is above 2 times which the content of heavy metal in the leave is higher than in the root about herbs, that kind of plants was regarded as a accumulation species. According as the heavy metals, accumulation species were selected. We think that the accumulation species are able to absorb the heavy metals from the soil, they will make use of phytoremedation on contaminated soil by heavy metals.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.920-924
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• 2012

This study was performed to estimate total contents of arsenic (As) by stepwise multiple-regression analysis using chemical properties and extractable contents of metal in paddy soil adjacent to abandoned mines. The soil was collected from paddies near abandoned mines. Soil pH, electrical conductively (EC), organic mater (OM), available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$), and exchangeable cations (Ca, K, Mg, Na) were measured. Total contents of As and extractable contents of metals were analyzed by ICP-OES. From stepwise analysis, it was showed that the contents of extractable As, available phosphorus, extractable Cu, exchangeable K, exchangeable Na, and organic mater significantly influenced the total contents of As in soil (p<0.001). The multiple linear regression models have been established as Log (Total-As) = 0.741 + 0.716 Log (extractable-As) - 0.734 Log (avail-$P_2O_5$) + 0.334 Log (extractable-Cu) + 0.186 Log (exchangeable-K) - 0.593 Log (exchangeable-Na) + 0.558 Log (OM). The estimated value in total contents of As was significantly correlated with the measured value in soil ($R^2$=0.84196, p<0.0001). This predictive model for estimating total As contents in paddy soil will be properly applied to the numerous datasets which were surveyed with extractable heavy metal contents based on Soil Environmental Conservation Act before 2010.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.519-524
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• 2005

This study was carried out to survey the contents of mineral and heavy metal of the commercial salt and salted-fermented shrimp. Mineral and heavy metal contents of Korean products and imported salts, and their effects on shrimps were analyzed through ICP-AES/MS. K and Mg contents of Korean salts and salted-fermented shrimp were relatively higher than those imported ones, However, no significant differences were found for mineral of commercial salted-fermented shrimps between Korean products and imported ones. Heavy metal contents of commercial salts lower than the maximum permissible limit set by KFDA. As, HB, and Ni were not detected in both commercial and lab-made salted-fermented shrimps. Cd were detected ranges of ND-0.5 ppm (average 0.1ppm) for commercial salted-fermented shrimps. Pb were detected ranges of ND-0.8ppm(average 0.28ppm) for lab-made salted-fermented shrimps.