• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2011

We evaluated whether liver markers such as aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT), and bilirubin have a relationship with other physiological factors in the normal (n=115) and fatty liver subjects (n=122) and there are differences between the two populations. Body indices were higher in the fatty liver group than in the normal group. Liver markers and blood pressure (BP) were greater in the fatty liver group than in the normal group. AST and ALT levels were positively correlated with body indices in the fatty liver group, but not in the normal group. AST, ALT and GGT levels in the fatty liver group had positive relationship with cardiovascular indices (CI). ALP and bilirubin levels were negatively associated with some of CI. Liver markers were negatively or positively correlated with inflammatory markers, thyroid hormones, or several biochemical markers levels. These findings suggest that abnormal changes in liver markers may be useful tool for diagnosis or prognosis of development of cardiovascular and/or inflammatory diseases as well as metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.38-43
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• 2006

There were numerous evidences that subjective health evaluation was a powerful indicator for morbidity and mortality in many countries. Since self-rated health (SRH) was a reasonable health measure, identifying predictors for SRH would be beneficial for assessment of overall health, monitoring health status, and development of health promotion programs. Health risks, health behavior, socioeconomic characteristics and social capital were potential indicators for SRH. We examined association. between SRH and indicators such as health risk factors, subjective living condition, income, education level and dietary variety score. Total 4,262 subjects, aged between 20 and 69 years old, were selected from KNHANES 2001; those who completed health examination, nutrition survey, and provided their socioeconomic information. Results of logistic regression showed that it was likely to have better SRH for those who were younger, male and have higher education, higher income, better living condition, no metabolic syndrome and higher dietary variety.

• Food Science and Industry
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 2018

The prevalence of obesity is continually increasing in South Korea; about 1/3 of adults are diagnosed with obesity and 1/2 of adults are overweight in 2016. Abnormal body fat mass increased the risk factors of metabolic syndrome (including hypertension, type II diabetes, dyslipidemia), chronic kidney failure, osteoarthritis, and cardiovascular disease. Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) in Korea established the validation and approval system for "functional food" based on related laws and regulations. According to the guideline of MFDS, the biomarkers for obesity study in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial are well summarized. The analysis of physical phenotypes is necessary condition to study further molecular phenotypes and pathway analysis in vivo study. Thus, we will review currently available physical phenotype analysis; dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and Oxylet gas analysis will be examined in-depth.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.125-136
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• 2022

Purpose: The aim of this systematic literature review was to synthesize and investigate the effects of shift workers' sleep in Korea. Methods: A search was conducted through three electronic databases using keywords such as "shift work" or "rotation work" and "sleep", with sleep as the independent variable, and 17 papers were reviewed. Results: The design of those 17 studies was analyzed in a cross-sectional analysis. The most commonly measured characteristic was quality of sleep, whereas the others were sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, and sleepiness. The study outcome variables were job-related factors, mental health, wellness, stress, fatigue, and metabolic syndrome. Conclusion: The results inform sleep and health-promoting behaviors and improvement in shift workers' working condition.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2023

Nutrition counseling and dietary intervention are essential to obesity management because weight reduction is the consequence of negative energy balance. The first step of the nutrition counseling in patients with obesity is thorough evaluation of the nutritional status. During the nutritional evaluation, amount of energy consumption, dietary habits, and medical and socioeconomic factors influencing diets should be evaluated. Diet interventions including low calorie diet, low fat diet, low carbohydrate diet, and high protein diet are all effective in weight reduction as long as decrease in energy consumption is accompanied. Amount of energy restriction and choice of diet interventions should be individualized based the medical condition and characteristics of each patient.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.64-70
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• 2023

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that is associated with various complications, including cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence of obesity among young adult males has increased, and this has increased the prevalence of several comorbidities. This trend was closely linked to lifestyle factors, including heavy drinking, smoking cigarettes, and an imbalanced diet. This emphasized the necessity of lifestyle improvements for effective obesity management. In this case, the comprehensive lifestyle changes and adjuvant medication resulted in weight loss and improvement in several comorbid conditions in a young adult male. The case highlighted the importance of a comprehensive approach to managing obesity. Furthermore, it emphasized the importance of a healthy lifestyle in addressing obesity and its complications.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.34-46
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• 2019

Obesity is frequently associated with metabolic disease. This study showed whether fenofibrate, a hypolipidemic agent, swimming and swimming combined with fenofibrate (: combination) regulate obesity, and whether combination is more effective than fenofibrate on regulation of obesity in high-fat diet-fed mice for 8 weeks. Both fenofibrate and swimming decreased obesity-associated factors such as body weight, adipose tissue mass, serum lipid levels and adipoctye size, compared with control mice. When mice were concomitantly treated with fenofibrate and swimming, combination reduced further the inhibitory effects on obesity-associated factors, compared with fenofibrate. Both fenofibrate, swimming and combination decreased serum glucose levels, compared with control mice. The evidence is presented herein that combination were effective to control obesity and serum glucose levels, suggesting that swimming combined with fenofibrate might contribute to inhibition of high-fat diet fed-induced metabolic syndrome.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.181-199
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• 2010

As rapid progress of population aging and strong interest in health, the demand for new healthcare service is increasing. Until now healthcare service has provided post treatment by face-to-face manner. But according to related researches, proactive treatment is resulted to be more effective for preventing diseases. Particularly, the existing healthcare services have limitations in preventing and managing metabolic syndrome such a lifestyle disease, because the cause of metabolic syndrome is related to life habit. As the advent of ubiquitous technology, patients with the metabolic syndrome can improve life habit such as poor eating habits and physical inactivity without the constraints of time and space through u-healthcare service. Therefore, lots of researches for u-healthcare service focus on providing the personalized healthcare service for preventing and managing metabolic syndrome. For example, Kim et al.(2010) have proposed a healthcare model for providing the customized calories and rates of nutrition factors by analyzing the user's preference in foods. Lee et al.(2010) have suggested the customized diet recommendation service considering the basic information, vital signs, family history of diseases and food preferences to prevent and manage coronary heart disease. And, Kim and Han(2004) have demonstrated that the web-based nutrition counseling has effects on food intake and lipids of patients with hyperlipidemia. However, the existing researches for u-healthcare service focus on providing the predefined one-way u-healthcare service. Thus, users have a tendency to easily lose interest in improving life habit. To solve such a problem of u-healthcare service, this research suggests a u-healthcare recommender system which is based on collaborative filtering principle and social network. This research follows the principle of collaborative filtering, but preserves local networks (consisting of small group of similar neighbors) for target users to recommend context aware healthcare services. Our research is consisted of the following five steps. In the first step, user profile is created using the usage history data for improvement in life habit. And then, a set of users known as neighbors is formed by the degree of similarity between the users, which is calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient. In the second step, the target user obtains service information from his/her neighbors. In the third step, recommendation list of top-N service is generated for the target user. Making the list, we use the multi-filtering based on user's psychological context information and body mass index (BMI) information for the detailed recommendation. In the fourth step, the personal information, which is the history of the usage service, is updated when the target user uses the recommended service. In the final step, a social network is reformed to continually provide qualified recommendation. For example, the neighbors may be excluded from the social network if the target user doesn't like the recommendation list received from them. That is, this step updates each user's neighbors locally, so maintains the updated local neighbors always to give context aware recommendation in real time. The characteristics of our research as follows. First, we develop the u-healthcare recommender system for improving life habit such as poor eating habits and physical inactivity. Second, the proposed recommender system uses autonomous collaboration, which enables users to prevent dropping and not to lose user's interest in improving life habit. Third, the reformation of the social network is automated to maintain the quality of recommendation. Finally, this research has implemented a mobile prototype system using JAVA and Microsoft Access2007 to recommend the prescribed foods and exercises for chronic disease prevention, which are provided by A university medical center. This research intends to prevent diseases such as chronic illnesses and to improve user's lifestyle through providing context aware and personalized food and exercise services with the help of similar users'experience and knowledge. We expect that the user of this system can improve their life habit with the help of handheld mobile smart phone, because it uses autonomous collaboration to arouse interest in healthcare.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.205-212
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• 2012

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) and assess nutrient intake levels for the purpose of improving MS risk factors. The participants in this study were 512 adults consisting of 271 men and 241 women aged 30 and over, who visited a public health center for a medical check up. The diagnosis of MS subjects was adapted from the NCEP-ATPIII guidelines and the WHO Asia-Pacific Area criteria for obesity. The MS group was defined as subjects displaying three or more risk factors, and the non MS group was defined as those displaying two or less risk factors. A dietary survey was conducted using the 24-hour recall method. The number of subjects displaying MS syndrome factors was 158 (30.9%), broken down into, 89 men and 69 women. Regarding risk factors in the MS group, the prevalence of waist circumference was 40.5%, hypertension 34.2%, hyperglycemia 31.0%, low HDL-cholesterol 24.7%, and hypertriglycemia 19.6%. BMI, sistolic blood pressure, blood glocose, blood triglyceride, and blood HCL-cholesterol of the MS group were significantly higher compared to the non MS group. Male subjects in the MS group reported high intakes of cereals, sugar, fruits, meat and poultry, oil and fats, and beverages and total food intake was significantly higher compared to the non MS group. Women in the MS group reported high intakes of meat and poultry, milk and dairy products, beverages, and seasonings, and total food intake was higher compared to the non MS group. Dietary diversity score (DDS) was 3.82~4.04, which was not significant among the groups. In men, dietary variety score (DVS) was 16.3 in the MS group and 19.4 in the non MS group, whereas in women, the DVS was 15.2 in the non MS group and 17.0 in the MS group. In GMVDF pattern, 11111 pattern was 30.7%, followed by 01111 for men and 11101 for women. Calorie, fat, and cholesterol intakes in men as well as, calorie, fat, and folate intakes in women in the MS group were higher compared to the non MS group. Intakes of protein, P, Fe, Na, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin E, and Zn were higher than the KDRIs. On the other hand, intakes of Ca, K, fiber, vitamin $B_2$, and vitamin C were below the KDRIs. Intakes of lipids, animal food, Na, and cholesterol in the MS group were higher compared to the non MS group, whereas intake of dietary fiber was lower. Our results indicate that continuous, systematic nutritional education program must implemented to reduce the risk factors associated with MS.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.135-140
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• 2013

Objective: To evaluate correlations between serum anti-M${\ddot{u}}$llerian hormone (AMH) levels, phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), obesity, and metabolic parameters in patients with PCOS. Methods: A total of 175 patients with PCOS were diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Consensus were included. Exclusion criteria were age over 40, FSH>25 mIU/mL, and 17a-OHP>1.5 ng/mL. The Phenotypes of PCOS were divided into a severe form (oligo-anovulation, ANOV/hyperandrogenism/polycystic ovary morphology [PCOM]; n=59) and a mild form without HA (ANOV/PCOM, n=105). The serum AMH levels were classified into 3 groups (<5 vs. 5-10 vs. >10 ng/mL). Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ${\geq}25kg/m^2$ (n=34). Results: The mean age was $25.9{\pm}5.7$ year and mean AMH level was $10.1{\pm}5.4$ ng/mL. The BMI ($kg/m^2$) was higher in group 1 ($24.2{\pm}6.3$) than in group 2 ($21.9{\pm}4.3$, p=0.046) or group 3 ($21.6{\pm}3.3$, p=0.019). There was no difference among the three groups in age, menstrual interval, antral follicle counts, androgens, or other metabolic parameters. The obesity group showed significantly lower AMH ($7.7{\pm}3.9$ ng/mL vs. $10.7{\pm}5.6$ ng/mL), p=0.004) and low-density lipoprotein levels ($93.1{\pm}21.2$ mg/dL vs. $107.5{\pm}39.3$ mg/dL, p=0.031), and showed higher total T ($0.74{\pm}0.59$ L vs. $0.47{\pm}0.36$ ng/mL, p=0.001), free T ($2.01{\pm}1.9$ vs. $1.04{\pm}0.8$ pg/mL, p=0.0001), and free androgen index ($6.2{\pm}7.9$ vs. $3.5{\pm}3.0$, p=0.003). After controlling for age factors and BMI, the serum AMH levles did not show any significant correlations with other hormonal or metabolic parmeters. Conclusion: For PCOS patients under the age 40, serum AMH is not negatively correlated with age. High serum AMH levels can not predict the phenotype of PCOS and metabolic disturbances in PCOS patients in the non-obese group. Further study might be needed to define the relation more clearly.