• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

An example-based machine translation approach is a new paradigm for resolving various problems caused by the rules of conventional rule-based machine translation. But, in pure example-based machine translation, it is very hard to find similar examples matched with input sentences by using reasonable parallel corpus. This problem causes large overheads in the process of sentence generation. This paper proposes new method of English-Korean transfer using both patterns and examples. The patterns are composed of sentence patterns and phrase patterns. Meta parts of the patterns make the example-based machine translation more practical by raising the probability to find similar examples. The use of patterns and examples can reduce the ambiguities in source language analysis and give us a high quality of MT. And experimental results with a test corpus are discussed.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.114-120
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• 2011

Chronic inflammation has been implicated as one of the important etiological factors in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). To investigate the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in the development of T2DM, we conducted a case-control study to assess the association between IL4/IL4R polymorphisms and disease risk. We firstly identified single nucleotide poly-morphisms (SNP) at IL4 and IL4RA loci by sequencing the loci in Korean participants. Case-control studies were conducted by genotyping the SNPs in 474 T2DM cases and 470 non-diabetic controls recruited from community-based cohorts. Replication of the associated signals was performed in 1,216 cases and 1,352 controls. We assessed effect of IL4 -IL4RA interaction on T2DM using logistic regression method. The functional relevance of the SNP associated with disease risk was determined using a reporter expression assay. We identified a strong association between the IL4 promoter variant rs2243250 and T2DM risk (OR=0.77; 95% CI, 0.67~0.88; p=$1.65{\times}10^{－4}$ in the meta-analysis). The reporter gene expression assay demonstrated that the presence of rs2243250 might affect the gene expression level with ~1.5-fold allele difference. Our findings contribute to the identification of IL4 as a T2D susceptibility locus, further supporting the role of anti-inflammatory cytokines in T2DM disease development.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.93-103
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• 2019

In this paper, we introduce a big data platform and a metadata management technique for fishery science R & D information. The big data platform collects and integrates various types of fisheries science R & D information and suggests how to build it in the form of a data lake. In addition to existing data collected and accumulated in the field of fisheries science, we also propose to build a big data platform that supports diverse analysis by collecting unstructured big data such as satellite image data, research reports, and research data. Next, by collecting and managing metadata during data extraction, preprocessing and storage, systematic management of fisheries science big data is possible. By establishing metadata in a standard form along with the construction of a big data platform, it is meaningful to suggest a systematic and continuous big data management method throughout the data lifecycle such as data collection, storage, utilization and distribution.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.81-93
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• 2017

Objectives The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of Chuna therapy for primary dysmenorrhea. Methods Researchers searched on 7 electronic databases (Pubmed, National Digital Science Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang med online, Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Sharing Service and Oriental medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System). The search included Korean, English, Chinese reports and there was no limit on the search period. All of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that used Chuna manual therapy for primary dysmenorrhea were selected. Results 27 RCTs met required condition. Meta-analysis showed positive results for Chuna manual therapy for primary dysmenorrhea in terms of therapeutic effects and reduction of symptom scores compared to west medicine, herbal medicine, acupucture and other treatments. Conclusions Above results showed that performing chuna is effective in treating dysmenorrhea. However, in some studies, there was no statistic significance between the experimental group and the control group. Also, according to Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) evaluation method, quality of the studies were not high enough. Since most of the materials were in Chinese, more high-quality clinical trials about Chuna therapy for primary dysmenorrhea are needed in Korea.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.89-105
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• 2010

Research methodology on Traditional Medicine in East Asia refers to logical thinking system, empirical positivism system and methodology of developing these knowledge systems. Logical thinking system of abstract concepts such as analogy or abduction and positivism system of reasonable explanation such as the five elements and their characteristic theory have been used in various ways empirically or in the form of humanities and knowledge system was developed through parallel structure of empirical positivism and exegetical studies. After the 16th century, evidence was required along with the tradition of putting emphasis on rationality, logicality and empirical positivism and characteristics of medical humanities can be found in emphasizing on medical ethics. Data that can be considered as structural review paper or meta analysis from original data of research on Traditional East Asian Medicine should be evaluated as historical evidence which is equivalent to specialist opinion, descriptive disease research, single case report or case series. Historical evidence based medicine is a research method using Historical evidence to selectively support data that are faithful to traditional theory with higher possibility to be used in future traditional east Asian medicine that links between traditional knowledge and scientific research methodology. Moreover, historical evidence based medicine tries to re-evaluate the value of traditional knowledge and ultimately, guides the direction of development of traditional medicine through scientific rationality based on history and culture.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Health Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1386-1397
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• 2020

Purpose: To examine the effectiveness of various treatments; bifocal spectacles, orthokeratology, atropine, and time spent in outdoors; in slowing down the myopia progression for Asian adolescents (6-18age). Methods: The research focused on examining the most effective treatment in controlling myopia based on the literature sources that have been published. Through meta-analysis of various research papers that already has been done in this field, a lot of data was collected. For each treatment, the difference in axial length and spherical equivalent over time was measured and recorded. To quantitatively record the difference, both axial length and spherical equivalent was determined by value of control group value of treatment group. The paper compared the effectiveness of each treatment based on the data that was measured. Results: Adolescents who chose to spend time outdoors in order to slow down myopia progression had axial length difference of 0.03 mm and spherical equivalent difference of 0.17 D. Adolescents that used atropine had axial length difference of 0.36 mm and spherical equivalent difference of 0.92 D. Bifocal spectacle resulted in axial length difference of 0.21 mm and spherical equivalent difference of 0.59 D, and for orthokeratology 0.23 mm and 0.04 D, respectively. Axial length wise, myopia was most controlled by the atropine since there was a greatest difference between the group that got the treatment and the group that did not have the treatment. According to the spherical equivalent difference data, myopia was most controlled by atropine. Conclusion: Atropine showed the most effective result in controlling myopia among the four treatment. Again, compared to other three treatment, using atropine appeared to have greatest ability in slowing down myopia progression since adolescents who were treated with atropine had greatest difference from adolescents in the control group that had the same condition but didn't get the treatment. However, every treatment was only used for 2 or 3 years which is quite short time period to measure the long term effect of the four treatments. Also, since atropine is a pharmaceutical method to control myopia, it may harm adolescents' eyes compared to optical or environmental treatment.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.373-388
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• 2016

Background: Recent inquiries into high-quality foods have discussed the importance of the functional aspects of foods, in addition to traditional quality indicators such as color, firmness, weight, trimming loss, respiration rate, texture, and soluble solid content. Recently, functional Chinese cabbage, which makes up a large portion of the vegetables consumed in Korea, has been identified as an anticancer treatment. However, the investigation of practical issues, such as the effects of storage conditions on quality indicators (including functional compounds), is still limited. Purpose: We reviewed various studies on variations in the quality indicators and functional compounds of Chinese cabbage in response to different storage environments, focusing on storage temperature and storage period. In particular, we emphasized the effect of storage temperature and storage period on glucosinolate (GSL) levels, in order to provide guidelines for optimizing storage environments to maximize GSLs. Additionally, we used response surface methodology to propose experimental designs for future studies exploring the optimal storage conditions for enhancing GSL contents. Review: Large variations in quality indicators were observed depending on the cultivar, the type of storage, the storage conditions, and the harvest time. In particular, GSL content varied with storage conditions, indicating that either low temperatures or adequate air composition by controlled atmospheric storage may preserve GSL levels, as well as prolonging shelf life. Even though genetic and biochemical approaches are preferred for developing functional Chinese cabbage, it is important to establish a practical method for preserving quality for marketability; a prospective study into optimal storage conditions for preserving functional compounds (which can be applied in farms), is required. This may be achievable with the comprehensive meta-analysis of currently published data introduced in this review, or by conducting newly designed experiments investigating the relationship between storage conditions and the levels of functional compounds.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.422-428
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• 2004

At present, the design of extrusion dies and operation in extrusion companies are primarily based on trial and error. The experience of the die designer, the press operator and the die corrector determine the performance of the extrusion die and the efficiency of the process. In order to produce defect-free products of desirable quality in terms of strength, surface quality and geometrical dimensions, it is important to obtain more knowledge of the processes that occur during extrusion. Recently, to reduce the costs of designing and manufacturing of extrusion dies, and to ensure the quality of the extruded products, numerical simulation for extrusion processes such as FEM (finite element method) is applied increasingly and becomes a very important tool for the design and development of new products. However, most of the studies about FE simulation have been accomplished for simple geometry and low extrusion ratio in the filed of steady metal flow conditions. The extruded products of AI alloy in industrial practice involve complicated sectional geometry. This study was designed to reduce the time of die design and manufacturing in the extrusion process using FEM simulation. FEM simulations of extrusion process were performed in non-steady states conditions by changing weld plate included in extrusion die set. Product which was employed in this study is heat sink that has been used in the parts of heat exchanger of electric circuits. It is generally applied for aluminum or its alloys due to heat efficiency and easy production of complicated shapes, and manufactured by extrusion process. The simulated results showed that weld plate shape in extrusion dies influences meta] flow and dimensional accuracy of products.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1-15
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• 2014

Objective : This study was carried out to analyze the quality and quantity of Clinical Trials that have been published in the journal of korean medical ophthalmology, otolaryngology, dermatology(JKOOD). Methods : We analyzed 25 clinical trials that published in JKOOD from 1988 to 2014. We excluded case reports, protocol and retrospective studies and classified searched papers into three categories; Randomized Clinical Trials(RCT), Non Randomized Clinical Trials(NRCT), Before After Study(BAS) by using study Design Algorithm for Medical literature of Intervention(DMAI). All articles were analyzed according to diagnosis, statistics program and intervention period. The bias of RCTs were evaluated by Cochrane Risk of Bias(RoB). Result : 1. The number of searched journals is 25 papers; 13 RCT, 2 NRCT, 10 BAS 2. Distribution of clinical trial; 'Atopic dermatitis' ranked the highest(44%) in disease, 'External application' raked the highest(71%) in treatment method. 3. 'allocation sequence' and 'prevention of allocated intervent to patients and therapists' are graded 'Low' but 'incomplete outcome date' and 'selective outcome' are graded 'Uncertain'. Conclusions : It is necessary to study more RCT. It will be helpful to study systematic reviews and meta analysis in JKOOD.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.113-127
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• 2021

Purpose : This systematic review was conducted to identify which dyadic intervention could be implemented for heart failure patient-family caregiver dyads to improve patient and/or their family caregivers outcomes. Method : Eleven databases were searched from their inception to July, 2021. This review considered any randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of intervention including heart failure patient-family caregiver dyads. Two reviewers independently evaluated the methodological quality using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing risk of bias and extracted details of the included studies. The studies included in this review were not suitable for meta-analysis and therefore the results were presented as a narrative summary. Results : Six studies including 900 dyads were included and mainly primary family caregiver of patients was spouse. Majority of dyadic intervention were focused on psychoeducational intervention excepting one study on mobile health intervention. All studies included in this review focused on patients' outcomes compared to family caregivers' outcomes and dyadic outcomes. Individual interventions improved quality of life among heart failure patients and their family caregivers in two articles. The overall quality of selected articles was low. Conclusions : This study provides moderate support for the use of a dyadic intervention to improve quality of life among heart failure patients and their family caregivers. More rigorous high-quality studies investigating interventions to meet the needs of patient and family caregivers in heart failure care are needed.