• Journal of Korean Medical Ki-Gong Academy
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.80-116
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• 2009

It studies into viewpoints of 7 doctors of Wenbing studies on macula. The results concerning characteristics, remedy and prevention of macula are as follows; Macule does not protrude on the surface of skin and does not have any color change for external stimulus, but rash out on the surface and becomes white when pushed. It becomes macule when the blood leaks beneath skin as stomach-heat of yangming enters into blood system and damages it. On the other hand, when heat enters lung meridian, penetrates beneath the skin and congeals inside the vessel, it becomes rash. When you combine symptoms of body and pulse with numbers, color, shape and distribution status of macula, you can diagnose the depth of rash, seriousness, the possibility of treatment and prognosis of macula. The remedy for macule consists of cooling heat of yaming, removing heat from the blood and relieving feverish rash, and the one for rash consists of facilitating meridian with aroma, expelling pathogenic factors from muscles with drugs of pungent flavor and cool nature and clearing away heat from the blood systems. It relieves the inhibited functional activities of lung-Ki, and helps extermination of rash as well as clearing heat of the vessel. Also, it is the most important to preserve resin of stomach for every treatment. It is good to avoid expelling pathogenic factors with drugs of pungent flavor and warm nature, raising drugs and invigorating drugs during treating macula. Moreover, the patients should not over dose cold-natured drugs and purgative therapy. There are common clinical symptoms of macula in advance, so right recognition of symptoms can contribute to prevention of macula.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 2005

Objective : This study was designed to evaluate the effect of moxibustion with various scales on symptoms of idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Methods : Subjects were voluntarily recruited by newspapers and internet. All the subjects are confirmed as idiopathic parkinson's disease by a neurologist. The moxibustion therapy was performed 5 times a week by patient's family at home and once a week by oriental medical doctor at hospital. Moxibustion points were GV2O, CV12, ST36, BL18, BL2O. Intensity was up to pain threshold according to patients not to get burned. The patient's symptoms were assessed before, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks treatment by unified Parkinson's disease rating scale(UPDRS), modified Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y) stage, Schwab & England activity of daily living and freezing of gait questionnaire(FOGQ). Results : Total UPDRS scores were significantly improved after 4 weeks(p<0.01) and after 8 weeks(p<0.01) compared to the pre-treatment. There were significant changes in H-Y stage after 4 weeks(p<0.05), but there were no significant changes in H-Y stage after 8 weeks. The scores of ADL were not significantly improved after 4 weeks(p>0.05) and after 8 weeks(p>0.05). There were significant changes in FOGQ scale after 4 weeks(p=0.05) and but there were no significant changes in FOGQ scale after 8 weeks(p=0.13). Conclusion : This study suggests that moxibustion treatments can be applicable to improve symptoms in the patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.145-163
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• 2009

Background : Stroke occurrences are prevalent and require intensive care for its treatment and rehabilitation. Acupuncture has been widely used in Korea throughout the history and provides an efficient method in the treatment of it. Objectives : To establish a distinctive and efficient acupuncture method for the treatment of stroke based in literature research. Method : We reviewed four Korean medical literature, $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, and $ll$舍岩鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$, and analyzed the therapeutic characteristics in the treatment of stroke. Result : 1. In $ll$治腫指南Guide to Swollen Sore Treatment$gg$, various types of treatment can be found. Besides acupuncture, cupping, moxibustion with moxa tube, and bath therapy using Duchesneae Indicae Herba and Sal was applied. Needling in sublingual and vocal region, and also points like GB20, GB31, LI15, BL60, GV20, GV20, TE4, GB39, LU5, ST36, GB30 were frequently inserted. 2. In $ll$東醫寶鑑Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$, moxibustion treatment were in top priority. Points like GV20, LI15, LI11, GB31, ST36, GB39, LI4, GB20 pertinent to Governor, Conception, Gallbladder, Large Intestine, and Stomach meridian were most frequently needled. Selection of adjacent point was widely applied. 3. $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$ has some similarity compared to $ll$東醫寶鑑 Treasured Mirror of Eastern Medicine$gg$ in considering the moxa in top priority. But selected points far from the disease site. Main points were LI4, ST36, GB39, PC5, GV20, LI11, LR3, BL40, HT7. 4. $ll$校勘 舍岩道人鍼法Essential Rhymes on Acupuncture and Moxibustion by Master Sa-am$gg$ having the same content orders with $ll$鍼灸經驗方Experiential Prescriptions of Acupuncture and Moxibustion$gg$, it may had some influence from it. But the differences are also apparent. It emphasized in using mother-supplementing child-draining method, experiential prescriptions and visceral pattern identification. Conclusions : We could find various efficient methods through literature research of medical classics. This will not be limited in stroke alone but also will be applied in other diseases. This study will concurrently result in establishing distinctive therapeutic method characteristic of Korea.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.141-148
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate on the application of the yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) lasers for acupoints irradiation. Methods : We conducted a systematic search for peer-reviewed studies published from inception to November 2023, in the following electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science in English, Science ON, Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS) and Research Information Sharing Service (RISS) in Korean, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Wanfang in Chinese, and Japan Science Technology Information Aggregator, Electronic (J-STAGE) and Citation Information by NII (CiNii) in Japanese. Inclusion criteria were original articles including clinical and experimental studies related with YAG lasers for acupoints including Ashi or meridian sinews. Results : Among the 8 selected studies, there were 7 studies on human subjects and 1 study on animals, 7 studies on Nd:YAG (1,064 nm) laser, and 1 study on Er:YAG (2,940 nm) laser. A total of 16 acupoints were used, 15 of which were in the face and 1 of which was located in the foot. In addition, there were two studies using Ashi. 4 studies looked at the effect of pain relief, 2 studies looked at safety, 1 study looked at changes in blood flow, and 1 study looked at the effect of skin care. There were no reported adverse events, and the YAG laser was confirmed to be safe and effective in pain relief, beautifying the skin, and increasing blood flow. Conclusions : We suggest that high intensity YAG lasers can be applied to laser acupuncture or laser moxibustion. YAG lasers are considered to be worth using for various clinical indications of Korean medicine because of photobiomodulation effects, analgesic action, and deep penetration depth. Further scientific research and clinical evidences should be warranted.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.179-187
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• 2012

Objectives : Since acupuncture was accepted as an useful therapy for the drug addiction, a lot of studies about acupuncture have been carried out. This study was performed to review the articles about morphine addiction which used acupuncture as a treatment and to interpret the use of acupoints from the viewpoint of Six-meridian (Yuk Gyeong, three yin and three yang) theory. Methods : The authors searched 255 articles in PubMed with the key word of "morphine, acupuncture" and 629 articles in KISS (Koreanstudies Information Service System) with the key word of "morphine". The articles written in English only were included. The articles related with morphine (abuse, dependence, sensitization, addiction, intake, withdrawal sign, withdrawal syndrome, reinstatement, craving) only were included. The articles which used manual- or electro-acupuncture only were included and auricular acupuncture was excluded. Both of clinical and experimental study were reivewed. Results : The most frequently used acupoint was ST36-SP6 (electroacupuncture), and the second was HT7. LI4 was the third, and BL23 and PC6 were also used. Conclusions : The acupoints used in the morphine study seem to influence the brain through diverse mechanisms and it is thought that control of the reaction against stress appears to be related with these mechanisms.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.222-247
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• 1999

The back ground and purpose : The acupuncture of oriental medicine is very important in treatments. Until now it has been researched according to the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon of oriental medicine's theory. As electroacupuncture is one of acupuncture treatments, it will show more objective index to observe the meridian and qi xue(氣血) phenomenon. And then, I studied the effects on the thermal change of the face following electroacupuncture treatment. Objective and Methods : This study was performed from January 1999 to March 1999 on 10 healthy students. The objective was divided into three groups, those were the control group A(n=10), the group B(n=10) of electroacupuncture on Hapkok($LI_4$), Samgan($LI_3$) and the group C(n=10) of electroacupuncture on Shinmun($H_7$), T' ongni($H_5$). First, in the control group A, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation with the Digital Infrared Thermograph Imaging(D.I.T.I.) and did 3min after, 10min after, 15min after, 25min after, 45min after respectively. Second, in the electroacupuncture treatment group B, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation, and then treat electroacupuncture on Hapkok($LI_4$), Samgan($LI_3$) and took a picture immediately(3min after), 10min after, 15min after and remove needle and took a picture in the same way respectively. Third, in the electroacupuncture treatment group C, we took a picture for 10 men without any stimulation, and then treat electroacupuncture on Shinmun($H_7$), T'ongni($H_5$) and took a picture in the second way respectively. Results: 1. In healthy men, average skin temperture about Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area was higher than Soryo($G_{25}$) or Chich'ang($S_4$) area. They were Soryo($G_{25}$) area $31.495{\pm}0.766^{\circ}C$, Rt. Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area $31.664{\pm}0.936^{\circ}C$, Lt. Yonghyang ($LI_{20}$)area $31.686{\pm}0.767^{\circ}C$, Rt. Chich'ang($S_4$) area $31.226{\pm}0.875^{\circ}$, Lt. Chich'ang ($S_4$) area $31.453{\pm}0.855^{\circ}C$. 2. In the control group A, the skin temperature of Soryo($G_{25}$) showed the increase or decrease in below ${\Delta}0.1^{\circ}C\;except\;0.265{\pm}0.594^{\circ}C$ in 25min, but not significantly. 3. About Soryo($G_{25}$) area, the skin temperature decreased significantly after electroacupuncture immediately. ${\Delta}T $of the group B was $-0.970{\pm}0.87\;1^{\circ}C$, which was larger than one of the group C which was $-0.707{\pm}0.624^{\circ}C$ at 3min. And then ${\Delta}T$ of the group C was increase valuable at 25min, 45min. 4. About Yonghyang($L1_{25}$) area, the left ${\Delta}T$ of the group B showed below $0.2^{\circ}C$ or so in contrast to the right it. In the group C, on the both side showed continous increase of temperature as following times. 5. About Chich'ang($S_4$) area, the skin temperature increased valuable $0.3^{\circ}C$ or so on the both side and later inclined to decrease in the group B but not significantly. In the group C, it increased valuable on the both side. 6. The skin temperature of electroacupuncture treatment group B, C were more increase than the control group A except Lt. Yonghyang($LI_{20}$) area in the group B. The temperature of group C were more increase than the group B wholly. Conclusion : The above results indicate that D.I.T.I. is a useful method to observe and fallow-up the effects and the changes by electroacupuncture stimulation on objective evaluation of phenomenon for the meridian system and character. Thus, continuous thermographic study will be needed for more clinical application such as acupuncture and medicine or laser therapy according to oriental medicine.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.179-184
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• 2017

Objectives : Despite the applicability of Korean Medicine(KM) treatments for facial asymmetry, no relevant study has been reported. In this case report, we report the effect and safety of KM treatments on facial asymmetry by mandibular lateral displacement. Methods : Three patients suffering from facial asymmetry received twelve KM treatment sessions composed of Motion Style Treatment(MST), Yinyang Balance Appliance(YBA) of Functional Cerebrospinal Therapy(FCST), and Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization(IASTM). The photos of each patient were taken before and after the treatment. And four primary reference lines were assessed before and after the treatment. Results : All subjects were improved after KM treatments on photos. However, no statistical significance was observed. Conclusions : This case report is the first to introduce the effect of KM treatments on facial asymmetry. Further well-designed, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are needed to verify these results.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.13-21
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• 2017

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acupuncture treatment (AT) in the tendency of increase of the need for AT for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) worldwide and to investigate the advancements in AT research in Korea and the future directions of research on this topic. Methods : Until May 2017, the PubMed, Scopus, Medline, and four Korean databases were searched. The searched keywords were "Parkinson's disease", "Acupuncture", and "Intervention study". The intervention groups from all screened original studies were analyzed and the methods used to determine the effect of AT on PD were examined. Results : A total of 17 studies were grouped by country on the basis of the first author's position, of which 10 studies were conducted in China, four in the United States, two in Korea, and one in Brazil. The most common type of intervention was electroacupuncture (nine studies), followed by AT (six studies), and a combination of AT and bee venom AT (two studies). The most frequently used acupoints in AT were Baihui (GV20), Taichong (LR3), Zusanli (ST36), Sanyinjiao (SP6), and Yanglingquan (GB34). The most commonly used tool for evaluation of PD was the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale III, which assesses motor functions. Conclusion : The screened studies reported that there were no adverse effects of AT on drug therapy, and AT reduced the dose of drugs used in PD treatment. Future studies on PD treatment with AT should use the acupoints GV20, LR3, ST36, SP6, and GB34, and the meridians Gallbladder meridian and Governor Vessel. Clinical studies on PD should use CONSORT or STRICTA to ensure the quality of national studies and allow the development of new tools for the assessment of the effect of AT on PD using the above criteria.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.76-111
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• 2000

I examined and referred to literatures of every generations on the nicknames, causes, herb medications and acupucture treatments of ptosis(上胞下垂) And then the results were obtained as follows. 1. The nicknames of ptosis(上胞下垂) are hyumok(휴목), chimpung(侵風), geompye(瞼廢), geompisubok(瞼皮垂覆), posu(胞垂) and bigwon(脾倦) which corresponds to blepharoptosis in Western Medicine. 2. The congenital ptosis(上胞下垂) is mostly caused by innate disposition(稟賦不足). The acquired ptosis(上胞下垂) is mostly caused by Qi sinking of Tri-energizer(中氣下陷). And besides this, there are Blood stasis due to Qi stagnancy(氣滯血瘀), invasion of the eyelid by wind(風邪入絡), Qi and Blood deficiency(氣血不足), Phlegm syndrome due to wind(風痰阻絡), Wind syndrome due to Yang hypertrophy(陽亢動風) and Stagnation of Liver Qi(肝氣鬱結). 3. In herb medication of ptosis(上胞下垂), Bojungikgitang(補中益氣湯) was used 14 times most and its effects are nourishing the spleen to promote the flow of Qi(健脾益氣) and elevating the YangQi and activation the meridian(升陽活絡). In the following, Insamyangyeongtang(人蔘養榮湯) was done 6 times and has effects of promoting the Qi and activating the blood(益氣養血) and of promoting blood circulation and restoring flow(活血通絡). The next, Jungyongtang(正容湯) appeared 5 times and this can expel wind, resolve phlegm and restore flow(祛風滌痰通絡). As single herb, Radix glycyrrhizae(甘草) was used 66 times most. Besides this, there are a few herbs used many times like Rhizoma atractylodis macrocephalae(白朮), Radix angelicae gogantis(當歸), Radix ginseng(人蔘). Radix astragali(황기) and Rhizoma cimicifugae(升麻). 4. In acupunture treatment, Chanzhu(撰竹) was used 19 times most. Besides this acupoint, there are some points choson frequently like Zusanli(足三里), Sanyinjiao(三飮交), Yangbai(陽白), Taiyang(太陽), Tongziliao(瞳子 ), Jingming(晴明), Hegu(合谷) and Fengchi(風池).

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.99-112
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• 2007

Objectives : It was to translate three neck and spinal pain disability questionnaires - the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), and the Functional Rating Index (FRI) - into Korean language, and evaluate the psychometric properties of Korean versions of questionnaires to achieve a good cross-cultural adaptation. Methods : Forty (23 males, 17 females) subjects aged from 15 to 64 years old, participated to examine test-retest reliability. One hundred and eighty (76 males, 104 females) subjects with a primary diagnosis of non-specific neck pain and 81 healthy volunteers were undertaken to examine internal consistemcy, discriminative validity and longitudinal construct validity. Versions of each questionnaire in idiomatic modern Korean were developed using a procedure proposed by Beaton et al. (2000). To assess reliability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC $_{(2,1)}$) was calculated. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Discriminative validity was examined with independent-group t-tests. Responsiveness was tested by calculating the effect size and standardized response mean for each questionnaire and using Pearson' s r and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results : Test-retest reliability ofthe translated versions of the three disability questionnaires was excellent (ICC $_{(2,1)$ = 0.86-0.90). High internal consistency was found in the three disability questionnaires (Cronbach's alpha ranged from ${\alpha}=0.88$ for the FRI to ${\alpha}=0.96$ for the NPDS and 0.82 for the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SFMPQ)). the VAS subscale of the SFMPQ was found to be the most responsive of the subscales (ES=1.44, SRM=1.37). The VAS was also the most responsive pain and disability index in internal responsiveness analysis, although disability indices showed marginally better responsiveness when compared with external standards. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions : It is concluded that the questionnaires were successfully translated and exhibit acceptable measurement properties, and may suggest that they are suitable for use in clinical and research application.