References
- Johnson SW, North RA. Opioids excite dopamine neurons by hyperpolarization of local interneurons. J Neurosci. 1992 ; 12(2) : 483-8.
- Vanderschuren LJ, De Vries TJ, Wardeh G, Hogenboom FA, Schoffelmeer AN. A single exposure to morphine induces long-lasting behavioural and neurochemical sensitization in rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2001 ; 14(9) : 1533-8. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0953-816x.2001.01775.x
- Wise RA, Bozarth MA. Action of drugs of abuse on brain reward systems: an update with specific attention to opiates. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1982 ; 17(2) : 239-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-3057(82)90076-4
- Everitt BJ, Dickinson A, Robbins TW. The neuropsychological basis of addictive behaviour. Brain Res Brain Res Rev. 2001 ; 36(2-3) : 129-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0173(01)00088-1
- Jiang YH, Jiang W, Jiang LM, Lin GX, Yang H, Tan Y, et al. Clinical efficacy of acupuncture on the morphine-related side effects in patients undergoing spinal-epidural anesthesia and analgesia. Chin J Integr Med. 2010 ; 16(1) : 71-4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11655-010-0070-7
- Bullock ML, Umen AJ, Culliton PD, Olander RT. Acupuncture treatment of alcoholic recidivism: a pilot study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1987 ; 11(3) : 292-5. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-0277.1987.tb01310.x
- Anonymous. NIH Consensus Conference. Acupuncture. JAMA. 1998 ; 280(17) : 1518-24 https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.280.17.1518
- Lee BH, Park SY, Lee JH, Lim SC, Kim JS, Lee YK, et al. Duration pattern of the effect of acupuncture at HT7 in morphine self- administration. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2010 ; 27(4) : 55-65.
- Yoon SS, Kim H, Choi KH, Lee BH, Lee YK, Lim SC, et al. Acupuncture suppresses morphine self-administration through the GABA receptors. Brain Res Bull. 2010 ; 81(6) : 625-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2009.12.011
- Cheng RS, Pomeranz B, Yu G. Electroacupuncture treatment of morphine-dependent mice reduces signs of withdrawal, without showing cross-tolerance. Eur J Pharmacol. 1980 ; 68(4) : 477-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/0014-2999(80)90423-9
- Wang GB, Wu LZ, Yu P, Li YJ, Ping XJ, Cui CL. Multiple 100 Hz electroacupuncture treatments produced cumulative effect on the suppression of morphine withdrawal syndrome: Central preprodynorphin mRNA and p-CREB implicated. Peptides. 2011 ; 32(4) : 713-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.peptides.2010.12.006
- Liu S, Zhou W, Liu H, Yang G, Zhao W. Electroacupuncture attenuates morphine withdrawal signs and c-Fos expression in the central nucleus of the amygdala in freely moving rats. Brain Res. 2005 ; 1044(2) : 155-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2005.02.075
- Lee JH, Kim HY, Jang EY, Choi SH, Han CH, Lee BH, et al. Effect of acupuncture on naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in morphine-experienced rats: the mediation of GABA receptors. Neurosci Lett. 2011 ; 504(3) : 301-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2011.09.052
- Wu LZ, Cui CL, Tian JB, Ji D, Han JS. Suppression of morphine withdrawal by electroacupuncture in rats: dynorphin and kappaopioid receptor implicated. Brain Res. 1999 ; 851(1-2) : 290-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-8993(99)02069-7
- Han JS, Zhang RL. Suppression of morphine abstinence syndrome by body electroacupuncture of different frequencies in rats. Drug Alcohol Depend. 1993 ; 31(2) : 169-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/0376-8716(93)90069-3
- Cui GH, Ren XW, Wu LZ, Han JS, Cui CL. Electroacupuncture facilitates recovery of male sexual behavior in morphine withdrawal rats. Neurochem Res. 2004 ; 29(2) : 397-401.
- Liang J, Ping XJ, Li YJ, Ma YY, Wu LZ, Han JS, et al. Morphine-induced conditioned place preference in rats is inhibited by electroacupuncture at 2 Hz: role of enkephalin in the nucleus accumbens. Neuropharmacology. 2010 ; 58(1) : 233-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2009.07.007
- Wang B, Luo F, Xia YQ, Han JS. Peripheral electric stimulation inhibits morphine-induced place preference in rats. Neuroreport. 2000 ; 11(5) : 1017-20. https://doi.org/10.1097/00001756-200004070-00024
- Hu L, Chu NN, Sun LL, Zhang R, Han JS, Cui CL. Electroacupuncture treatment reverses morphine-induced physiological changes in dopaminergic neurons within the ventral tegmental area. Addict Biol. 2009 ; 14(4) : 431-7. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00163.x
- Chen JH, Liang J, Wang GB, Han JS, Cui CL. Repeated 2 Hz peripheral electrical stimulations suppress morphine-induced CPP and improve spatial memory ability in rats. Exp Neurol. 2005 ; 194(2) : 550-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.04.001
- Lee B, Shim I, Lee H, Yin CS, Park HK, Yang JS, et al. Morphine-induced locomotor response and Fos expression in rats are inhibited by acupuncture. Neurol Res. 2010 ; 32 (Suppl 1) : 107-10.
- Kim MR, Kim SJ, Lyu YS, Kim SH, Lee Y, Kim TH, et al. Effect of acupuncture on behavioral hyperactivity and dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens in rats sensitized to morphine. Neurosci Lett. 2005 ; 387(1) : 17-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2005.07.007
- Chu NN, Xia W, Yu P, Hu L, Zhang R, Cui CL. Chronic morphine-induced neuronal morphological changes in the ventral tegmental area in rats are reversed by electroacupuncture treatment. Addict Biol. 2008 ; 13(1) : 47-51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00092.x
- Zhang Y, Du L, Wu G, Cao X. Electroacupuncture (EA) induced attenuation of immunosuppression appearing after epidural or intrathecal injection of morphine in patients and rats. Acupunct Electrother Res. 1996 ; 21(3-4) : 177-86.
- The committee for publish of meridian and acupoint textbook. Meridian and Acupoint of College (Ant.) 5th ed. Wonju : Euibang Publishing Company. 2010 : 70, 256, 341, 345, 424,
- Lee BH, Kim SJ, Jung CH, Kwon SY, Lim SC, Lee KM, et al. A study on the basic principle of the classification of sidong disease, sosaeng disease. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2008 ; 25(5) : 43-57.
- Kwak DU, Park KW, Yang CH. Effects of acupuncture at the Chok - Sammi (ST36) locus on plasma renin activity and plasma aldosterone, electrolyte levels in men. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 1991 ; 8(1) : 367-88.
- Cho NG. Effect of acupuncture treatment at S 36 on the blood pressure and cerebral hemodynamics of rats. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 1999 ; 16(4) : 307-19.
- Kim YI, Kim YH, Im YG, Lee H, Lee BL, Kim YJ. A fMRI study on the cerebral activity induced by electro-acupuncture on Zusanli(St36). J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2003 ; 20(5) : 133-50.
- Ross J. Acupuncture point combinations: the key to clinical success. Philadelphia : Churchill Livingstone. 1995 : 177-8, 190, 213-7, 231-3, 277-9, 306-8, 320-1.
- Hong KE, Lee BR, Lee H, Yim YK, Kim YJ. fMRI study on the cerebral activity induced by electro-acupuncture on Sanyinjiao (Sp6), J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2003 ; 20(3) : 86-103.
- Fortuna JL. Sweet preference, sugar addiction and the familial history of alcohol dependence: shared neural pathways and genes. J Psychoactive Drugs. 2010 ; 42(2) : 147-51. https://doi.org/10.1080/02791072.2010.10400687
- Jeong EW, Kim HS, Lee SK, Kim MS, Cho ZH, Sung KK. Effects of electroacupuncture on plasma stress hormone responses to acute and chronic immobilization stress. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2010 ; 27(5) : 105-15.
- Lim SK, Lee DH, Kwon YJ, Lee JC, Jung CJ, Kim YS, et al. Effects of fixed-intensity and varied-intensity electroacupuncture on heart rate variability in healthy people with stress task. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2011 ; 28(2) : 107-16.
- Jo MH, Choi BT, Jang KJ. The effects of 120 Hz high frequency electroacupuncture on the cold-restraint-induced gastric mucosal damages. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2003 ; 20(3) : 177-93.
- Lee CH, Kim YH, Song BY, Yug TH. Expression of neurotransmitter (CRF, CRF-R and CRF-BP) related to stress in stomach and zusanli in rats. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2003 ; 20(6) : 89-102
- Park HJ, Lyu YH, Hong MS, Kim ST, Im SBN. The effect of HT7 acupuncturing on the food intake and hypothalamic neuropeptide Y expression changed by maternal separation in rat pups. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2003 ; 20(4) : 93-101.
- Mun HC, Hwang WJ, Lee GM, Cho JW, Oh HH, Byun JY, et al. The nuclear medical study on the effect of LI4 acupucture on cerebral blood flow. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2001 ; 18(4) : 46-54.
- Lee GM, Hwang YJ, Yang YS, Kim SJ, Lyu DS, Kim MJ, et al. The nuclear medical study on the effect of Hap - Kok (LI4) Acupuncture on cerebral blood flow. J Korean Acupuncture and Moxibustion Society. 2001 ; 18(6) : 93-104.
- Lee KW. Pyun Ju Yeok Hae Hwang Je Nae Kyeong (1). Seoul : Yeogang Publishing Company. 2000 : 236.