• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.809-818
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to identify importance of gender in dynamic relationship structure in fashion internet shopping mall and to provide marketers e-CRM marketing strategy. Out of 473 customers, 470 who had purchased fashion products in fashion Internet shopping mall were surveyed for this study. The data was analyzed by factor analysis, 1-test, correlation analysis, Structural Equation Model(SEM) using AMOS program. As the results, both men and women had ‘relationship maintenance intention’ in e-CRM. However, only women had ‘intention to discontinue relationship’, when shopping mall made mistakes to them. Also, in men's group, ‘service’ only had effect on ‘Trust’, while ‘service’and ‘financial benefit’ had effects on‘Trust’ in women's group. If women would be dissatisfied with a shopping mall, they have a strong intention to disconnect with it. Based on these results, it could be concluded that men have more tolerance for shopping mall's mistakes than women have. Therefore, the results of this study provide e-CRM marketing strategy for fashion internet marketers.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.149-163
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to present a plan to activate the production and consumption of environmently friendly agricultural products through an analysis on the understanding degree, the level and inclination of consumption, the satisfaction degree of consumption, and the comprehension degree of production and circulation process of the environmently friendly agricultural products. 1 reviewed the literature and did survey In this study. The results are as follows : (1) As a result of an analysis on the understanding degree of the environmently friendly agricultural products, it is shown to get 6.37 points out of 10 and also, there is a difference between age, educational background, and income level. (2) In the case of research on the method to distinguish the environmently friendly agricultural products from others, it is proved that consumers have a strong faith on quality guarantee marks and there is a difference between gender, income level, and consumption period. (3) It is also shown that consumers purchase environmently friendly agricultural products for the family member's health in the survey on the motivation for purchasing them. And also, there is a difference between men and women. (4) The result of the survey on the consumption scale of the environmently friendly agricultural products shows that 94 people(60.3％) spend more than 50％ of their gloss foodstuffs cost purchasing them and 20 people(12.8％) spend 30-50％. (5) In the survey on the amount and the frequency of the purchasing items of the envirounently friendly agricultural products, respondents count livestock products mostly in amount while point out main cereals and a kinds of soy and pastes in frequency. (6) Consumers ask that the price of environmently friendly agricultural products is a little expensive or reasonable and there is no differences between individual groups. (7) In the case of the purchase of foreign environmently friendly agricultural products, there are more people who want to purchase domestic ones than those who want foreign ones. Therefore, it is shown that environmently friendly agricultural products have a counterpower after the market-open to import. (8) As a result of the analysis on the quality of environmently friendly agricultural products, it is proved that they have better quality than general agricultural products and also, it is found out that women feel larger differences than men in quality. (9) In the analysis on the satisfaction degree of the environmently friendly agricultural products, it is proved that respondents trust the safety and nutrition of them whereas they are not satisfied with the external shape of them. (10) It is analyzed that tile conversion of consumer's consciousness is the most critical factor for development of environmently friendly agriculture. (11) The factors to activate the consumption of environmently friendly agricultural products are proved in order of the enlargement of direct transaction, the conversion of consumer's consciousness, the easiness of purchase, activating consumers'unions, and publicity.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.21-27
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to understand the physiological characteristics of muscular men between the ages of 20 and 34 years who are distinct from the general population due to their muscular development, and to categorize them according to upper body somatotypes. This research was conducted in order to provide basic data necessary for developing clothing products for muscular men. The research method and results were as follows: 1. The study carried out factor analysis with the body measuring value of 168 muscular men according to the body classification method of Sheldon and Heath-Carter. The study materialized muscular men's lower body types statistically by carrying out cluster analysis, regarding scores of each factor extracted from the factor analysis as an independent variable. The study also carried out discriminant analysis with the results of cluster analysis classified so that morphological characters of each type were remarkably distinguished. 2. As the results of factor analysis, the study set up number of factors as three. Factor 1 occupied 38.149% of the total variables as a size factor of the lower body. Factor 2 occupied 20.417% of the total variables as a height and length factor of the lower body. Factor 3 occupied 8.466% of the total variables as a length factor of the hip. 3. The study classified the lower body type into three types and the characteristics by each type were as follows. Type 1 was a group with the best developed muscle in the lower of the body, considering that a size of their lower bodies was the largest. Type 2 was well-balanced muscular males though a size of the lower body was smaller than other types. This type didn't have fatness of the abdomen and large hips. Type 3 was a body type that the length from the waist to the hip was long. 4. As the results of carrying out discriminant analysis to distinguish muscular men's lower body types, the discriminant accuracy was 86.3% over all in the lower bodies.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.646-665
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• 2023

This study attempted to examine the characteristics of fashion cross-border e-commerce(CBEC) by analyzing about 35.7 million cases of customs clearance data received from the Korea Customs Service. The demographic characteristics of consumers and the features of products purchased from 2019 to 2021 were explored. Next, the association rules between products, brands, and websites were analyzed by men and women in their 20s to 50s. The results are as follows. First, women purchased more clothing products than men, and overall, consumers tended to purchase products at low prices every year. Second, the most commonly purchased products were T-shirts, bags, and other shoes. In the list clearance, the purchase frequency of international open markets increased for three years; in general clearance, the proportion of luxury brands was high every year. Finally, in the list clearance, the relationships between bags, other shoes, pants, and overseas open markets were significant, while the relationships between wallets, bags, and luxury brands were significant in general clearance. Based on this study, domestic companies participating in or competing against the CBEC market can develop appropriate strategies for merchandising and sourcing clothing products.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.88-100
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• 2015

In our increasingly aged society, the term centenarian, meaning people 100 years old or older, is used more and more frequently. Indeed, anticipating long life, middle-aged to advanced-age people have changed their lifestyles to purchase goods for themselves. In addition, as the social trend of careful grooming for positive appearance spreads within the Korean society, the demand for senior male cosmetic products is likely to grow as the society ages further. However, previous large studies on the market for senior male cosmetics are limited. Since information is lacking about senior male consumers' awareness of cosmetics, this study examined their use of cosmetic products, purchase behaviors, and demand for cosmetics in order to explore correlations among interest levels in appearance, cosmetic purchase behavior, and cosmetic demand levels through diverse factors related to multiple variables. The results of this study were as follows : First, the more senior men managed their practical appearance, the more frequent their functional and psychological purchase behaviors. Second, the higher their practical purchase behavior, the stronger their demand for reasonable cosmetic prices. Third, the higher their value-oriented purchase behavior, the stronger the demand for greater product diversity. This study investigated men aged 50 or older residing in Seoul. Therefore, generalizing the findings of this study will be limited. Relevant subsequent studies should examine men aged 50 or older in each Korean region and more clearly identify the correlations among interest in appearance, cosmetic product purchase behavior, and cosmetic product demand using various factors related to multiple variables.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Social commerce is a kind of internet shopping mall in which consumers purchase the products with other consumers through mutual interactions including the development of SNS(social network service). Social commerce has expanded rapidly as a mainstream online shopping mall over the past five years driving consumers to purchase more fashion products providing the cheaper prices than open market internet shopping mall. The purpose of this study is to identify the important parameters of social commerce characteristics and consumer characteristics that affect repurchase intention and word-of-mouth intention. A 221 survey questionnaire was distributed to men in their 20's and 30's who live in Seoul metropolitan area. The data were analyzed utilizing Cronbach's ${\alpha}$, factor analysis, and regression analysis using the SPSS 18.0 program. The results revealed, first, that in terms of social commerce characteristics, three variables(website reputation, interactivity, and product scarcity) influenced repurchase intention. Among them, website reputation identified as the most important factor influencing repurchase intention and word-of-mouth intention. Second, with regard to consumer characteristics, interest and a tendency toward impulse buying affected the repurchase intention, and interest and internet shopping experience have influenced the word-of-mouth intention. Among three variables interest in social commerce identified as the key factor affecting both repurchase intention and word-of-mouth intention. The results of the study provide the practical implications and suggest the business strategies to enhance social commerce in the future by identifying the key social commerce characteristics and consumer characteristics that influence male consumers' buying behaviors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.511-530
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• 2023

This study aims to analyze middle-aged men's frontal body shape asymmetry by measuring the left and right body dimensions and angles of 388 middle-aged men aged 40 to 59 using 3D body scan data and comparing the measured values. The study also compares the measured values of width, height, and angle and their relationships using Size Korea's anthropometric measurement and posture index of the New York Posture Rating Scale. The results confirm that the asymmetric shape characteristics of the upper and lower body appear differently. In addition, the asymmetrical characteristics between the upper and lower body differed, indicating that the close parts of the body affect each other. Similar to the difference in the left and right frontal body shapes and the average angle distribution, the asymmetrical upper and lower body characteristics also are found to be dissimilar when the correlations are examined. In contrast, there is no asymmetry in the width, height, and angle considering the age and BMI groups. Finally, the study classifies three body types and identifies their asymmetric characteristics. Overall, this study contributes primary data for further research on pattern production for asymmetric and unique body types and the development of customized apparel products.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.97-109
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the structural relationship among the pursuit benefits in clothing materials, the attitude toward natural dyeing products, and the purchase intent among consumers interested in natural dyeing products. For this study, 489 men and women in their 20s to 60s were surveyed, and the data was analyzed using SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 programs. The findings of the analysis were as follows. First, of the pursuit benefits in clothing materials, function and originality factors had a significant and positive impact on the purchase intent of natural dyeing products. Second, of the pursuit benefit of clothing materials, functions, sustainability, and originality significantly and positively impacted the emotional and cognitive attitude toward natural dyeing products. Third, the emotional and cognitive attitude toward natural dyeing products had a significantly positively impacted the purchase intent. Fourth, in the relationship between the pursuit benefits in clothing materials and the purchase intent of natural dyeing products, the emotional and cognitive attitudes toward natural dyeing products were shown to have partial mediating effects.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to assess the consumption patterns of Makoli and to provide age-specific suggestions to increase the popularity of newly developed products. The subjects of the study were 373 men and 329 women, and information was obtained by self-administered questionnaire in December of 2010. One major finding of the study was that regardless of gender, consumption of Makoli was correlated to age: older respondents drank more Makoli. Those in their thirties and older, especially women, drank Makoli at home with family. The reasons given for liking or disliking Makoli differed among age groups, but were the same between genders. More subjects in their twenties liked Makoli because of its distinctive taste, while more in their forties liked it for its cultural value. Subjects in their thirties disliked it because it caused headaches, while more in their forties complained of burping. Both genders in their twenties suggested that TV and internet advertisements may be the best strategy to increase the popularity of newly developed Makoli products, and women in their forties suggested promoting Makoli's health benefits. The low calorie content of new Makoli products appealed to women of all age groups and men in their twenties and thirties. Women in their forties were also attracted by Makoli's possible effect to alleviate constipation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1190-1202
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• 2009

A 3D body scan measurement (SM) is used as an alternative to physical measurements (PM) as the information for designing industrial products. This study compared the mean difference (MD) between SM and PM by gender and analyzed the causes of the difference. The data used in this study were the scan measurements and physical measurements of adults aged twenty to seventy years old of the fifth Size Korea survey. The results of this study are as follows: 1. The comparison of MD between men and women for all subjects: The measurement of the significant differences between men and women were height, neck base girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, back length, and foot length. The causes of difference are the difference of body shape. 2. The comparison of MD between men and women by BMI groups: Many measurements had significant differences between men and women at normal weight and overweight but underweight. Some measurements had significant differences only at a specific BMI group because the body shape difference between men and women is revealed clearly in the group. The comparison of MD between men and women by age groups: The measurements that show significant difference at more than four age groups were neck girth, chest girth, under-bust girth, waist girth, armscye girth, and foot length. The height and abdomen girth had a significant difference in the age range of 20's and 30's. There were measurements that increase MD with an increase in age; under-bust girth and lateral shoulder length for women and lateral shoulder length for men. This comparison of MD between men and women provide the correct guidelines for the use of SM.