• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.145-163
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• 2003

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the depigmentation effects of Aloe, Camellia sinensis and Mel. Methods : Inhibition of tyrosinase activity, melanin production & melanoma cell viability in cultured B16 melanoma cells, UV screen and cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide were measured. Results : Aloe has some inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity, on the other hand Camellia sinensis and Mel do not have. They did not show any inhibitory effects on melanin production in melanoma cells and cytoprotective effects on PC12 cells injured by hydrogen peroxide. Aloe and Camellia sinensis have some inhibitory effects on UV screen. Conclusions : This study shows that Aloe and Camellia sinensis which were generally used for external application have some depigmentation effects. Following this, We should use them for whitening agents and the depigmentation effects of the other natural subjects which were generally used for external application should be examined.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.241-242
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• 2003

The effects of N-acetylphytospingosine(NAPS), one of the phytospingosine derivatives, on melanogenesis of B 16F 1 0 mouse melanoma cell lines were investigated. We assessed the effect of NAPS on the depigmentation of B16F10 cells. The melanin content of cells was significantly reduced by NAPS. We examined the inhibitory effect of NAPS on tyrosinase activity using L-dopa as a substrate and the results showed that tyrosinase activity was inhibited in a does-dependent manner. The mRNA level of tyrosinase as well as that of tyrosinase related protein-l (TRP-l) and tyrosinase related protein-2 (TRP-2) genes were not affected by NAPS based on a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay. We also performed a Western blotting analysis using anti-tyrosinase antibody. It showed that there is no change in tyrosinase protein level after treatment of NAPS. These results suggest that the depigmenting mechanism of NAPS in B16F10 melanoma cells involves inhibition of melanosomal tyrosinase activity, rather than the mRNA expression or protein level of tyrosinase.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2011

Genistein (GT), a major isoflavone found in soybeans, has a potent antioxidant effect that protects the skin from UV-induced damages and malignant melanoma. In order to enhance the cellular uptake of GT, liposome/Tat complexes were prepared by an electrostatic interaction of anionic liposome (DMPC/DCP, 9:1 in molar ratio) with Tat peptide (0.02 to 0.08 mole), one of the well-known cell penetrating peptide (CPP). As the amount of Tat increased, the size increased but the zeta potential decreased. In vitro release study with dialysis membrane elicited GT release from liposomal preparations in a controlled manner. The addition of Tat increased GT release, especially for the initial period. In the cellular uptake study by incubating B16 melanoma cells with various liposomal preparations containing GT, B16 melanoma cells demonstrated a time-dependent increase of drug accumulation. Compared to the aqueous GT suspension, intracellular uptake was substantially enhanced by anionic liposomal formulation and further increased by the complex formulation. Therefore, liposome/ Tat complex might be a good candidate for facilitating intracellular drug delivery.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.81-108
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• 2010

Objective : Thujae Orientalis Folium (TOF) can cool the blood and stop bleeding, eliminate phlegm and relieve cough in Oriental medicine. In addition, the fresh is used alone externally. Recently, TOF is known to have anti-tumor component. And also known to have tyrosinase inhibitory effect. Method : For these reasons, this study was designed to investigate anti-cancer and whitening activities of TOF. In this experiment, effects of TOF on proliferation rates of melanoma cells and on changes in genetic profiles were investigated. The genetic profile for the effect on human derived melanoma cell, SK-MEL-2, was measured using microarray technique, and the functional analysis on these genes was conducted. Results : Total 541 genes were up-regulated and 1,079 genes down-regulated in cells treated with TOF. Genes induced by TOF were mainly concerned with anti-cancer effects and apoptosis. Genes suppresed by TOF were related in extracellular signalling pathway. The network of total protein interactions was measured using cytoscape program, and some key molecules, such as THAP1, MAX1, STAM2, SMAD6, CYCS, PEX5, PSEN1, NONO, MAP2K7 and CREB1 that can be used for elucidation of therapeutical mechanism of medicine in future were identified. Conculusion : These results suggest possibility of TOF as anti-cancer drug for human melanoma. In addition, the present author also suggest that related mechanisms are involved in inhibition of several cancer pathway, activation of apoptosis pathway and suppression of general metabolic pathway.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.479-490
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• 2020

Interleukin-9 (IL-9) is well known for its role in allergic inflammation. For cancer, both pro- and anti-tumor effects of IL-9 were controversially reported, but the impact of IL-9 on tumor metastasis has not yet been clarified. In this study, IL-9 was expressed as a secretory form (sIL-9) and a membrane-bound form (mbIL-9) on B16F10 melanoma cells. The mbIL-9 was engineered as a chimeric protein with the transmembrane and cytoplasmic region of TNF-α. The effect of either mbIL-9 or sIL-9 expressing cells were analyzed on the metastasis capability of the cancer cells. After three weeks of tumor implantation into C57BL/6 mice through the tail vein, the number of tumor modules in lungs injected with IL-9 expressing B16F10 was 5-fold less than that of control groups. The percentages of CD4⁺ T cells, CD8⁺ T cells, NK cells, and M1 macrophages considerably increased in the lungs of the mice injected with IL-9 expressing cells. Among them, the M1 macrophage subset was the most significantly enhanced. Furthermore, peritoneal macrophages, which were stimulated with either sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing transfectant, exerted higher anti-tumor cytotoxicity compared with that of the mock control. The IL-9-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were highly polarized to M1 phenotype. Stimulation of RAW264.7 macrophages with sIL-9 or mbIL-9 expressing cells also significantly increased the cytotoxicity of those macrophages against wild-type B16F10 cells. These results clearly demonstrate that IL-9 can induce an anti-metastasis effect by enhancing the polarization and proliferation of M1 macrophages.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.169-174
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• 2000

Pedunculagin is an ellagitannin purified from Alnus hirsuta var. microphylla. Betulaceae. The effects of pedunculagin on immune system have been characterized to induce enhancement of NK (natural killer) cell cytotoxicities against tumor cells. Here, we report the evaluation of the effects of pedunculagin on the growth of murine Bl6-F10 melanoma in vivo. After the intradermal inoculation of Bl6-F10 melanoma, Bl6-F10 tumors grew progressively in immunocompetent syngenic C57BL/6 mice. The mice treated with pedunculagin(10 mg/kg, every 48 hrs) resulted in a significant improvement in survival. Inhibitory effects of pedunculagin on lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice were also detected. Summarizing treatment with pedunculagin has a significant antitumor effect upon Bl6-F10 murine melanoma.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.533-540
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• 2000

Melanization of B16 melanoma cells was comparatively studied by the aqueous extract of Epimedium koreanum Nakai(EK) and $\alpha$-MSH. In addition, inhibitory effects of RA was investigated. B16 melanoma cells(about 1${\times}10_5$) have been shown an increase in tyrosinase activity and melanin contents in proportion to concentration of $\alpha$-MSH when treated with $\alpha$-MSH and incubated for 72 hrs. They indicated a 350% increase in tyrosinase activity and a 290% increase in melanin contents at 8 ng/mL. In case of EK, they have been shown a 200% increase in tyrosinase activity and a 180% increase in melanin contents at 100 ${\mu}g$/mL. In addition of RA to the above condition, they have been shown an inhibition from 350% to 210% in tyrosinase activity and from 290% to 250% in melanin contents in $\alpha$-MSH, and inhibition from 200% to 100% in tyrosinase activity and from 180% to 120% in melanin contents in EK. From the above results, it is suggested that EK promotes melanization of B16 melanoma cells through cAMP pathway, whereas RA inhibits it.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2011

Celastrus orbiculatus has been widely used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of many diseases including rheumatoid arthritis and odontalgia. In the present study, anti-metastatic activity of a methanolic extract from C. orbiculatus (MCO) was studied. A gelatin zymographic assay revealed that MCO has potent inhibitory effects on MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in B16F10 melanoma cells. Moreover, MCO attenuated MMP expression via down-regulation of NF-${\kappa}$B translocation to the nucleus. Melanoma cell migration and invasion were also down-regulated by MCO. In addition, MCO significantly suppressed lung metastasis in an in vivo model. These results strongly suggest that MCO may possibly be used as a valuable anti-metastatic agent for cancer treatment.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.345-351
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• 2003

Heptaplatin, cis-Malonato[(4R,5R)-4,5-bis(aminomethyl)-2-isopropyl-1,3-dioxolane]platinum(II), is a novel platinum-based antitumor agent with clinical potential against human stomach cancer and the 3rd generation of the cisplatin. This study was performed to study how cisplain, heptaplatin and sunpla which is a mixture of heptaplatin and mannitol (w: w=l : 2) affect cell viability of SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cell line. Heptaplatin ($IC_{50}$/; 95.35 $\mu$M) and sunpla ($IC_{50}$/; 10.95 11M) were less effect than cisplatin (IC $_{50}$; 10.92 $\mu$M) on the SK-MEL-28 cells. By cell cycle analysis using flow cytometry, it was identified that the cells were arrested at G2/M phase by cisplatin, heptaplatin and sunpla, and percentage of cell death group was increased according to increasing of time and concentration. These results suggest that cisplatin, heptaplatin and sunpla are a novel anticancer agent against human melanoma cell.l.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.137.2-137.2
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• 2003

Dendritic cells (DCs) are known to professional antigen presenting cell (APC). Due to the role as an effective activator of cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by expressing MHC, adhesion and co-stimulatory molecules, DCs are now widely recognized to play an important role in the immune responses to tumors.We investigated the effect of cultured DCs in murine melanoma pulmonary metastasis model. To follow the metastasis protocol, syngenic melanoma cells were inoculated intra-venously into the mouse (B16F10 into the C57BL/6)8 days prior to the first DC injection (1$\times$106 DCs/ mouse, i.p.) and the autologous tumor cell lysate pulsed-DCs were injected as a therapeutic module twice in two weeks. (omitted)