• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권10호
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• pp.1090-1095
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• 2008

목적: 소아 간질 환자에서 장기적인 신장의 변화 및 그에 영향을 미치는 인자들에 대해 연구하고자 하였다. 방법: 1996년 1월부터 2003년 12월까지 부산대학병원 소아과에서 처음으로 간질 진단을 받은 577명 중 최소 3년 이상 항경련제를 복용한 148명(남아 82명, 여아 66명)을 대상으로 전향적 연구를 시행하였다. 항경련제 복용 시작부터 매년 신장 측정을 하였고 성별, 경련의 형태, 간질의 원인, 항경련제 복용 전 경련 횟수, 경련 조절, 단일 및 복합약물요법, 항경련제 복용 전 신장, 복용시작 나이, 복용 기간과 같은 인자들에 따라 복용 전과 최종 방문시의 신장의 변화를 SDS를 구하여 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 대상 환아의 항경련제 복용 시작 시 평균 연령은 6.69세였고, 평균 복용 기간은 5.76년이었다. 항경련제 복용 전의 평균 신장 SDS는 -0.059였고 복용 후에는 0.101이었다(P=0.09). 복용 전 경련 횟수가 1개월에 1회 미만인 군(P=0.09), 단일 약물군(P=0.06)에서는 신장 SDS가 증가하였으나 통계적인 유의성은 보이지 않았다. 또 복용 후에 경련 조절이 잘 되었던 군(P=0.04), 복용 전의 신장 SDS가 (-)인 군(P=0.001)과 복용 기간이 6년 미만인 군(P=0.02)에서는 신장의 SDS가 유의한 증가를 보였다. 그 외의 군에서는 항경련제 복용 전과 복용 후 평균 신장 SDS에 유의한 차이가 발생하지 않았다. 결론:정상 경구 식이를 하는 소아 간질 환자에서 항경련제 투여 후 신장 성장은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하지 않았다. 하지만 경련 조절이 잘 되는 군과 항경련제 치료 기간이 짧았던 군에서 신장 성장이 유의하게 증가하였다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2006

Objective : As today obese children have increased rapidly in Korea, the interest has been much increased. And parents concern about the effect of Herbal Medication(HM) on gaining weight. Therefore we had a retrospective study HM and obesity for children. Method : We examined medical record of 38 patients who visited to Department of Pediatrics in 00 medical center from 2002 to 2006 and took HM. Their Hight, Weight, Obesity Index(OI) were estimated at two points: before and after HM treatment. And they were divided into two groups according to the HM type and analyzed for differences of OI. Result : There were no significant changes in 38 patients's OI before and after treatment. But only one case gained over weight(OI: 21.31). OI increased slightly after treatment but there were not statistically significance. OI according to the HM type had slightly difference but there were not statistically significance. There were no connections between HM type, the number of days taking HM and changes of OI. Conclusion : On the basis of this study, we thought there were no connections between HM and obesity for children. But this study's cases are small in number so more study is need.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 1976

Amongst varieties of clinical nursing role, the administration of medication is often highlighted as of prime importance. In order to attain data for the improvement of teaching strategies of medication, diagnostic evaluation of the knowledge level is a necessity. This study was performed from August through December 1975. 449 registered nurses, randomly sampled from general hospitals:16 of Seoul and 7 of Taegu and Pusan, were tested through 54 test questionaries based on 4 practical dimensions of administration of medication. Results are as follows ; 1. Status of respondents: Length of clinical experiences; the average length revealed to be 2 years and 7 months, 72% revealed to have had less than 3 years of experience; 38.6%-less than 1 year, 19 .2%-over 1 year and less than 2 years, and 14, 2%-over 2 years and less than 3 years. Type of Nursing education received ; 9.4% revealed to have graduated technical high school of nursing, 67.5o/o the 3 year diploma school and 21, 7% the baccalaureate degree program. The knowledge Level; Degree of self-satisfaction on knowledge level revealed that;27, 4% responded to "more or less satisfied", 48.8% "more or less un-satisfied" and 19.8% to "not satisfied". The average level of basic knowledge revealed to be moderate by 66.95 points. The level of knowledge of 4 questionnaire categories revealed that; drug action category by average of 66.5 points, methodology category by 65.4 Points, safety measure category by 71.4 points and terminology and concepts category by 64.6 points, Questionnaire items which revealed high points are of;6 of drug action category, 4 of methodology, 4 of safety measure, and 3 of terminology. The items of low points are: 8 of drug action, 3 of methodology, 3 of safety measure and 5 of terminolology categories. 3. The type of nursing education revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge on the administration of medication. 4. The length of clinical experience revealed to have no significant influence on the level of knowledge. 5. 75. l% responded that the actual practice of medication modes are "similar" to that included in the fundamentals of nursing course. 6. In-service education on medication; 54.0% revealed to have some incidental in-service education on medication while 34.0% receive programmed in- service education. 61.8% revealed to have expressed the need of systemic In-service education as one of the means for improvement of medication. 32.7% revealed to obtain information concerning medicine by reading commercial publications on drug package, while only 20.9% by reading specific information channel.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.273-279
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• 2020

This review presents an overview of some diagnostic imaging-related issues regarding medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws(MRONJ), including imaging signs that can predict MRONJ in patients taking antiresorptive drugs, the early imaging features of MRONJ, the relationship between the presence or absence of bone exposure and imaging features, and differences in imaging features by stage, between advanced MRONJ and conventional osteomyelitis, between oncologic and osteoporotic patients with MRONJ, and depending on the type of medication, method of administration, and duration of medication. The early diagnosis of MRONJ can be made by the presence of subtle imaging changes such as thickening of the lamina dura or cortical bone, not by the presence of bone exposure. Most of the imaging features are relatively non-specific, and each patient's clinical findings and history should be referenced. Oral and maxillofacial radiologists and dentists should closely monitor plain radiographs of patients taking antiresorptive/antiangiogenic drugs.

• 혜화의학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2019

Objectives : This study analyzed domestic case reports of syndrome differentiation and herbal medicine treatment for tic disorder published from 2000 to 2018 and aimed to seize the latest trend of Korean herbal medicine treatment according to syndrome differentiation. Methods : We searched herbal medicine treatment of tic disorder through five major Korean academic literature databases; NDSL, KTKP, KISS, RISS, DBPIA. Results : 12 articles were included in this study from 49 articles. These studies were analyzed by year, evaluation criteria, Korean treatments, treatment effects, syndrome differentiation, herbal medication, duration of medication, and type of herbal medicine. Treatment results were assessed by YGTSS. Most cases accompanied Korean integrative treatments and only one case report used herbal medicine alone. Most common type of syndrome differentiation for patients was spleen. Duration of medication varied according to each case and decoction was the most used type of herbal medication. Conclusions : It has been reported that herbal medicine treatment according to the syndrome differentiation could be effective in treating tic disorder. This study suggests that additional studies will be required to justify classification of syndrome differentiation and the sole effectiveness of herbal medicine on tic disorder.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.311-323
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• 2021

Objective: The disabled are in a blind spot for obtaining information on drugs, and the pharmacies' counseling on drug use is centered on non-disabled people. Few studies have investigated the current statuses of drug use by type of disability. The purpose of this study is to understand the drug use by type of disability and by life cycle of visually impaired and hearing impaired in Korea. Methods: The study participants consisted of 16 people with visually impairments, 12 people with hearing impairments. One in-depth interview was conducted per participant, and each interview was recorded and documented. Results: Common barriers against safe medication and medical service uses across disability types are 'lack of consideration and service for the disabled, limited access to medical facilities due to disability, limited access to information regarding medication use, psychological anxiety about drug use and side effects, and inconvenience regarding COVID-19 epidemic. The specific factors were 'difficulties in identifying proper medicines and following prescribed dosages' in the case of visually impaired, and 'problems with sign language interpretation system' for the hearing impaired. Conclusion: Disabled people are hindered from using medicines properly due to various factors. Based on the content derived from this study, it is necessary to eliminate the inhibition factors and devise specific measures for the safety of each type of disorder such as developing a method for medication counseling considering disabilities and establishing communication support systems.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.118-138
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• 1999

This study presents the variations on drug utilization for outpatients' URI, gastritis. and hypertension by the type of hospital- tertiary hospital. general hospital. hospital. clinic. It investigated drug expenses. daily drug expenses. days of medication. the highest price of the drugs used. and the number of the different drugs used for each disease and type of hospital. This study also performed analysis to see how much the variations of variables related to drug use affect the variations of drug expenses. The dependent variable was drug expenses and the independent variables were days of medication. the average price of the drugs used. and the number of the different drugs used. Analysis of the drug utilization was performed on NFMI(National Federation of Medical Insurance) 1994 medical expense claim data. Patients with secondary diseases were excluded. In this study. 379 patients with URI, 386 patients with gastritis. 1.257 patients with hypertension were included. It was founded that there were large variation on drug utilization between the types of hospital for same diseases. Days of medication were longest in tertiary hospitals and shortest in hospitals or clinics. Clinics showed the lowest daily drug expenses in all of the diseases investigated. Daily drug expenses were highest in general hospitals or hospitals. which also tended to use drugs of higher price than other types of hospital. General hospitals and hospitals had larger variations in daily drug expenses and the highest price of drugs. It suggested that drug might be utilized overly in general hospitals and hospitals and some other factors might influence on drug utilization in these hospitals. It was found that the variations of drug expenses were affected by the variations of drug price and days of medication rather than the number of the different drugs. Then the strategy to reduce the variations of drug utilization and to improve the quality of drug utilization should focus on the drug price and days of medication. Further study is needed to assess the quality as well as the variation of drug utilization and to show the factors which affect them.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of three kinds of modes using bolus button of PCA on level of pain and side effects of analgesic and amount of drug consumption in post-operative patients according to whether the medication is controlled by the patient, the caregiver or the nurse. Method: The participants were 684 patients using PCA after an operation. The data collection period was from March 19 to April 6, 2007. Results: It was found that there were statistical differences in gender, age, type of surgery, pain on first post-operative day, amount of drug consumption, nausea, and vomiting. The ratio for patient controlled medication was 55.7% for women, and 70.5% for men, and for care-giver controlled medication, 35.1% for women, and 20.0% for men. Average pain scores for the first post-operative day were $3.9{\pm}2.2$ for patient controlled medication and $4.5{\pm}2.3$ for care-giver controlled medication. There were statistical differences according to mode used for PCA for amount of drug consumptions, nausea and vomiting but not for pain, operation day or pruritus. Conclusion: This study was carried out to examine risks according to who controls the PCA for post-operative patients. The results can help to develop education program for everyone who is involved in PCA, patients, caregivers, nurses and doctors.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.117-131
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• 2004

Purpose: This study was conducted to evaluate the health behaviors and to find out risk factors of blood pressure of adult women in a rural area. Method: The convenient sample consisted of 159 adult women who lived in G-gun. The data was collected using a self-report questionnaire for health behaviors and mercury type sphygmomanometer for BP, between Jun I and August 15, 2003. Health behaviors measured smoking, alcohol, salt, lipid, stress, exercise, coffee, BMI and medication. To accomplish the goal of study, descriptive statistics, t-test, $x^2$-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis were. performed with SPSS 10.0. Results: The average age of subjects was 49.2(SD7.34)years old. The average SBP and DBP of subjects were 126.22mmHg(SDl6.73) and 8 1.25mmHg(SDl 0.31). There were significant differences in smoking(p=.000), cigarette consumption(p=.001), smoking duration(p=.000), BMI(p=.033), medication (p=.001), family history(p=.000) between normotensive and hypertensive. The main risk factors on SBP were medication, age, BMI, family history and smoking duration by 35.7% of the total variance these variables explained SBP. The main risk factors on DBP were BMI, education and medication by 17.60% of the total variance these variables explained DBP. Conclusion: These results suggest that health professional have to emphasize prevention of obesity, lasting medication and no smoking for prevention and management of hypertension in community health promotion program.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2021

A 12-year-old male American Cocker Spaniel was diagnosed with a type of chronic hepatits (CH) called cholangioheaptits. Routine supportive medication was administered to the patient, and ex vivo boosted immune cell (EBI-C) therapy was used for the treatment. A histopathologic examination of the liver 19 months later revealed that the cholangiohepatitis had progressed to cholangiocarcinoma. The medication and immune cell therapy was maintained. Two months after the new diagnosis, the patient's state worsened, and the dog died 635 days after the first visit. EBI-C therapy is a type of immunotherapy, where immune cells are isolated from the patient's peripheral blood mononuclear cells, expanded ex vivo, and then infused into the patient intravenously every two weeks. EBI-Cs (mean: 2.78 × 10⁸ cells) were obtained 38 times and infused every two weeks. Most EBI-C were T-lymphocytes (99.24% of total EBI cells). T-lymphocytes produce large interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-γ inhibits liver fibrosis in dogs with CH. Moreover, in bile duct cancer, an increase in T-lymphocytes correlates with decreasing tumor invasion and metastasis. Thus, we propose that EBI-C therapy is applicable as a new supportive therapy for canine liver disease if other treatments like drug medication, surgery, or radiation are unavailable.