• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 1982

Authors made an experiment to know the relation of surface doses and multiple factors of exposure by using grids, fields, tube voltages objects and distances and obtained the results as follows: 1. Surface doses were increased in proportion to the thickness of objects. 2. Surface doses were more influenced when irradiated fields were small and tube voltages were low. 3. Surface doses were a logarthmic proportion to the focus-object distance. 4. Multiple factors of exposure by using grid were under the control of the thickness of objects, irradiated fields and tube voltages but the relation of them were not fixed.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.15-19
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• 1985

The seattered-ray have a bad effect to the image of x-ray film. Therefore, to obtain the better x-ray image, the most important point is to eliminate the scattered-ray, come from the patient, and the easiest method to eliminate the scattered-ray is to use a proper grid for tube voltages. Authors made an experiment on the scattered-ray contents and the image quality in skull radiography, and obtained the results as follows; 1. The scattered-ray content in skull radiography was 83%, but it could be reduced to 35%-50% by using grid. 2. The image contrast was most increased when the using grid ratio was 8:1. 3. The image quality was not influenced by the scattered-ray contents between 32% and 45%.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Currently, medical waste stoker incinerator is widely used in the emission control technology of health-care risk waste and miscellaneous contaminated waste. In the past, wet type control technology was used to remove the major harmful gaseous contaminants of medical waste such as HCl, $NO_x,\;SO_2$, CO, DUST, Dioxin. However, the treatment cost for wastewater was high and it has a disadvantage for frozen system during winter season. Therefore, in order to obtain effective treatment, the dry type control technology was developed and widely used to remove the gaseous contaminants. In this study, pre-coated bag filter using hydrated lime, ($Ca(OH)_2$), was applied to the dry type control system and the optimum dose of hydrated lime was investigated. The treatment results showed that the dust collection rate was approximately 26.7%. Moreover, the HCl removal rate using pre-coated bag filter ($50mg/sm^3\;Ca(OH)_2$) was 13.52%, which was significantly higher than 3.26% obtained from conventional bag filter.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.39-46
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• 2019

In the 21st century, medical facility projects are required to operate appropriate digital technologies as the development of technology and the interests of various participants become more complex. In order for architects to successfully lead negotiations among various stakeholder groups, it is necessary to plan for effective communication through appropriate design reflecting their opinions and coordination of conflicts. For this purpose, building information modeling (BIM), which is a method of designing based on knowledge information related to medical facilities in the building database, can respond to change of order promptly and minimizes the occurrence of design errors can do. Recently, BIM technology and cloud computing technology in ICT have been combined and research on cloud BIM has been actively carried out. The use of cloud computing technology in BIM-based healthcare facility projects can effectively support decision making among project participants and has the advantage of sharing and collaborating on various forms of information generated during the design process, regardless of location and time. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to build of system that can support the design of medical facility using cloud computing technology in BIM.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1634-1652
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• 2022

Due to the increasing need for data sharing in the age of big data, how to achieve data access control and implement user permission revocation in the blockchain environment becomes an urgent problem. To solve the above problems, we propose a novel blockchain-based data sharing scheme (BDSS) with fine-grained access control and permission revocation in this paper, which regards the medical environment as the application scenario. In this scheme, we separate the public part and private part of the electronic medical record (EMR). Then, we use symmetric searchable encryption (SSE) technology to encrypt these two parts separately, and use attribute-based encryption (ABE) technology to encrypt symmetric keys which used in SSE technology separately. This guarantees better fine-grained access control and makes patients to share data at ease. In addition, we design a mechanism for EMR permission grant and revocation so that hospital can verify attribute set to determine whether to grant and revoke access permission through blockchain, so it is no longer necessary for ciphertext re-encryption and key update. Finally, security analysis, security proof and performance evaluation demonstrate that the proposed scheme is safe and effective in practical applications.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1484-1502
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• 2023

The medical sector actively changes and implements innovative features in response to technical development and revolutions. Many of the most crucial elements in IoT-connected health services are safeguarding critical patient records from prospective attackers. As a result, BlockChain (BC) is gaining traction in the business sector owing to its large implementations. As a result, BC can efficiently handle everyday life activities as a distributed and decentralized technology. Compared to other industries, the medical sector is one of the most prominent areas where the BC network might be valuable. It generates a wide range of possibilities and probabilities in existing medical institutions. So, throughout this study, we address BC technology's widespread application and influence in modern medical systems, focusing on the critical requirements for such systems, such as trustworthiness, security, and safety. Furthermore, we built the shared ledger for blockchain-based healthcare providers for patient information, contractual between several other parties. The study's findings demonstrate the usefulness of BC technology in IoHT for keeping patient health data. The BDSA-IoHT eliminates 2.01 seconds of service delay and 1.9 seconds of processing time, enhancing efficiency by nearly 30%.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.167-175
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• 2005

This review explores recent works involving the use of the self-assembled nanoparticles of bile acid-modified glycol chitosans (BGCs) as a new drug carrier for cancer therapy. BGC nanoparticles were produced by chemically grafting different bile acids through the use of l-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC). The precise control of the size, structure, and hydrophobicity of the various BGC nanoparticles could be achieved by grafting different amounts of bile acids. The BGC nanoparticles so produced formed nanoparticles ranging in size from 210 to 850 nm in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH=7.4), which exhibited substantially lower critical aggregation concentrations (0.038-0.260 mg/mL) than those of other low-molecular-weight surfactants, indicating that they possess high thermodynamic stability. The SOC nanoparticles could encapsulate small molecular peptides and hydrophobic anticancer drugs with a high loading efficiency and release them in a sustained manner. This review also highlights the biodistribution of the BGC nanoparticles, in order to demonstrate their accumulation in the tumor tissue, by utilizing the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The different approaches used to optimize the delivery of drugs to treat cancer are also described in the last section.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.338-348
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• 2023

Objective: Patients with a history of ischemic stroke are at risk for a second ischemic stroke. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between carotid plaque enhancement on perfluorobutane microbubble contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) and future recurrent stroke, and to determine whether plaque enhancement can contribute to risk assessment for recurrent stroke compared with the Essen Stroke Risk Score (ESRS). Materials and Methods: This prospective study screened 151 patients with recent ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerotic plaques at our hospital between August 2020 and December 2020. A total of 149 eligible patients underwent carotid CEUS, and 130 patients who were followed up for 15-27 months or until stroke recurrence were analyzed. Plaque enhancement on CEUS was investigated as a possible risk factor for stroke recurrence and as a possible adjunct to ESRS. Results: During follow-up, 25 patients (19.2%) experienced recurrent stroke. Patients with plaque enhancement on CEUS had an increased risk of stroke recurrence events (22/73, 30.1%) compared to those without plaque enhancement (3/57, 5.3%), with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 38.264 (95% confidence interval [CI]:14.975-97.767; P < 0.001) according to a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model analysis, indicating that the presence of carotid plaque enhancement was a significant independent predictor of recurrent stroke. When plaque enhancement was added to the ESRS, the HR for stroke recurrence in the high-risk group compared to that in the low-risk group (2.188; 95% CI, 0.025-3.388) was greater than that of the ESRS alone (1.706; 95% CI, 0.810-9.014). A net of 32.0% of the recurrence group was reclassified upward appropriately by the addition of plaque enhancement to the ESRS. Conclusion: Carotid plaque enhancement was a significant and independent predictor of stroke recurrence in patients with ischemic stroke. Furthermore, the addition of plaque enhancement improved the risk stratification capability of the ESRS.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.127-134
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• 2003

An analysis was performed to evaluate the prehospital advanced emergency care in Emergency Medical Service system(EMS) through the review of the 119 transfort chart of 190 patients who visited to Jecheon Seoul hospital emergency center at Chungbuk Jecheon via 119 system during the period from October 2002 to September 2003. The results were obtained as follows: 1. Among 190 patients, male were 127(66.8%) and female were 63(33.2%) and nontraumatic patients were 81(42.6%) and traumatic patients were 109(57.4%). 2. The analysis of prehospital care by Emergency Medical Technician(EMT) revealed that Airway maintenance and keeping oral airway(37.7%), oxygen supply(75.9%), Tourniquett or MAST(18.9%), Immobilization of neck or spine(94.7%), Immobilization of extremities (51.4%), wound bandage and dressing(25.0%), BCLS(12.1%) and Application of AED(2 patients). 3. The analysis of prehospital care by EMT revealed prehospital care was limited to keep of intubation or LMA, medication and IV insertion, insertion of gastric tube and ACLS. 4. There was no case of the notification to medical institute or consultation to doctor.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.216-218
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• 2002

Fluence and LET spectrum for 290,400 MeV/u $\^$12/C and 400 MeV/u $\^$20/Ne beams have been measured by a $\Delta$E-E counter telescope. Total charge-changing cross sections are deduced from measured fluence. The measured cross sections agree with previous measurements, however, they are disagreement with a model calculation. To dose-averaged LETs, the model calculation can reproduce the measured LETs except for peak LETs at Bragg peak region.