• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.82-89
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• 2018

Objective: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the most common metabolic disorder that defined by chronic hyperglycemia for the deficiency in insulin secretion or resistance. Hyperglycemia could induce non-enzymatic glycation of proteins. It has been suggested that some traditional plants can improve blood glucose and inhibit glycation process. This work evaluates and compares the anti-glycation activities of four Iranian plant extracts in vitro. Methods: The methanolic extract of "Fumaria officinalis, Stachys lavandulifolia, Salvia hydrangea and Rosa Damascene" was prepared in three different concentrations. Phenolic, flavonoids content and antioxidant activity were evaluated. The multistage glycation markers- fructosamines (early stage), protein carbonyls (intermediate stage) and ${\beta}$ aggregation of albumin were investigated in the bovine serum albumin (BSA)/ glucose systemt. Results: All plants showed the high potency of scavenging free radicals and glycation inhibition in the following order: Fumaria officinalis> Rosa Damascene> Stachys lavandulifolia > Salvia hydrangea. There was a significant correlation between antioxidant and anti-glycation activity. Also, the antioxidant and anti-glycation capacity of extracts correlated with total phenolic and flavonoids content. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the studied plants are good sources of anti-glycation and antioxidant compounds and, these properties can primarily attributable to phenolics, particularly flavonoids.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.194-200
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• 2013

Polyporus umbellatus (Syn. Grifola umbellata) is a sclerotium forming mushroom belongs to family Polyporaceae of Polyphorales, Basidiomycota. The sclerotia of P. umbellatus have long been used for traditional medicines in China, Korea and Japan. This study was initiated to obtain the basic data for artificial sclerotial production of P. umbellatus. Here, we investigated the favorable conditions for mycelial growth of P. umbellatus and its symbiotic fungus Armillaria mellea. We also evaluate the favorable carbon and nitrogen sources for sclerotial formation in dual culture between P. umbellatus and A. mellea. The favorable conditions for mycelial growth of P. umbellatus were $20^{\circ}C$ and pH 4, while optimal conditions for mycelial growth of A. mellea were $25^{\circ}C$ and pH 6. The carbon sources for optimal mycelial growth of P. umbellatus were fructose and glucose, while carbon sources for favorable mycelial growth of A. mellea were also fructose and glucose. The nitrogen sources for favorable mycelial growth P. umbellatus were peptone and yeast extract, while optimal mycelial growth of A. mellea were obtained in peptone and yeast extract. When P. umbellatus and A. mellea were dual cultured on carbon sources, sclerotia were induced on basal media supplemented with glucose, fructose and maltose at pH 4~6, while nitrogen sources inducing sclerotia were basal media supplemented with peptone and yeast extract for 60 days at $20^{\circ}C$ under dark condition.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Ribes khorasanicum (R. khorasanicum); a plant growing in north Khorasan of Iran; on cardiovascular and stress oxidative in acute hypertension induced by N-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), anitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Methods: Rats were divided into Control, L-NAME (10 mg/kg), Sodium Nitroprusside (SNP) (50 mg/kg) + L-NAME and three treated groups with R. khorasanicum (4, 12 and 24 mg/kg) groups + L-NAME. L-NAME and SNP were injected intravenously and extract intraperitoneal. In R. khorasanicum groups, L-NAME was injected 30 min after injection of the extract. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded continuously using power lab software. At the end of study oxidative stress parameters including of total thiol content (SH), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in heart and aorta of all groups were also measured. Results: In groups 4 and 24 mg/kg extract +L-NAME, there was a non-significant decrease in SBP and MAP compared to L-NAME group but dose 12 mg/kg significantly attenuate the effect of L-NAME(P < 0.05). In L-NAME group the heart and aorta tissues antioxidant enzymes levels decreased, while in treated rats these enzymes significantly increased. Conclusion: The extract of R. khorasanicum in dose 12 mg/kg show anti-hypertensive effect that is mediated by an effect on NO system or antioxidant parameters.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2007

Alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna [TA] was evaluated far its hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl$_4$)-induced hepatic damage in rats. The hepatoprotective activity of TA was evaluated by measuring levels of serum marker enzymes like serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase (SGPT), serum alkaline phosphatase (SALP). The serum levels of total proteins(TP), total albumins (TAL) and bilirubin (BILN) were also estimated. The histological studies were also carried out to support the above parameters. Silymarin (SM) was used as standard drug. Administration of TA (250 and 500 mg/kg/po) markedly prevented CCl$_4$-induced elevation of levels of SGOT, SGPT, SALP, TP, TAL and BILN. These biochemical observations were supplemented by histopathological examination of liver sections. Alcoholic extract of TA also shown significant in-vitro free radical scavenging activity against 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) and nitric oxide (NO) radicals. Thus, the present study provides a scientific rationale for the traditional use of this plant in the management of liver diseases.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.150-154
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• 2022

This study examined the antioxidant activity of ethanol extract and fraction from Castanea crenata inner shell in vitro. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through total polyphenol and flavonoid contents and DPPH radical scavenging ability using electron spin resonance (ESR). The total polyphenol contents of the 70% ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction were 39.76 mg GAE/g and 323.92 mg GAE/g (p < 0.05). The total polyphenol contents of the ethyl acetate fraction were higher than other fractions. Furthermore, the total flavonoid contents of ethyl acetate were higher than other fractions at 13.12 mg QE/g (p < 0.05). In DPPH radical scavenging ability measurement, the RC₅₀ value of ethyl acetate was lower than ascorbic acid at 2.27 ㎍/mL (p < 0.05). In conclusion, this result showed that the ethyl acetate fraction of Castanea crenata inner shell 70% ethanol extract has high antioxidant activity.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.250-256
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• 2022

This study was conducted to measure changes in polyphenol components and antioxidant effects of Cirsium Lineare (Thunb.) after fermentation by lactic acid bacteria. First, Cirsium Lineare (Thunb.) extract (CE, unfermented) and Cirsium Lineare (Thunb.) extract fermented with Lactobacillus paracasei (FCE) were prepared. Changes in components resulting from fermentation were confirmed through changes in polyphenol compound content and silymarin derivative pattern, and antioxidant activity was confirmed using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, 2,2'azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) analyses. As a result, polyphenol contents of CE and FCE were confirmed as 21.94 ± 1.15 and 67.90 ± 4.48 mg GAE/g, respectively. Both values were increased approximately three times by fermentation, and there was also a change in the silymarin derivative pattern. In the case of DPPH radical RC₅₀ values in particular, CE and FCE were confirmed to inhibit DPPH radicals by 50% at concentrations of 129.44 ± 5.85 and 50.00 ± 3.47 ㎍/mL, respectively, with the FCE value approximately 2.5 times lower than that of CE. In addition, ABTS radical scavenging and FRAP activity were confirmed to share similar trends as DPPH radical scavenging activity. When CE and FCE were compared, FCE showed a better antioxidant effect overall. In conclusion, this study suggested that FCE prepared through lactic acid bacteria fermentation may be utilized as a powerful antioxidant material.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.540-548
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• 2008

Paeonia radix is the root of Paeonia aliflora Pallas, which is a perennial plant classified in the family Paeoniaceae. Paeonia radix possesses several pharmacological effects such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic, anti-oxidative, and anti-coagulant activities. In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous extract of Paeonia radix on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in mouse BV2 microglial cells. The aqueous extract of Paeonia radix at respective concentration was treated one hour before lipopolysaccharide treatment. In the present results, the aqueous extract of Paeonia radix suppressed prostaglandin $E_2$ synthesis and nitric oxide production by inhibiting the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase in mouse BV2 microglial cells. These results demonstrate that Paeonia radix exerts anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects probably by suppressing mRNA expressions of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthesis. The present study demonstrates that Paeonia radix may offer a valuable mean of therapy for brain inflammatory diseases.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 2009

We examined the inhibitory effects of loquat methanol extract on the adhesion, migration, invasion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activities of MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. Cells were cultured with DMSO or with 10, 25, or 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ of loquat methanol extract. Both leaf and seed extracts significantly inhibited growth of MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner, although leaf extract was more effective. Adhesion and migration were significantly inhibited by loquat extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Loquat extract also inhibited the invasion of breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner and leaf extract was more effective than seed extract. MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities were also inhibited by loquat extract. Our results indicate that methanol extracts of loquat inhibit the adhesion, migration and invasion of human breast cancer cells partially through the inhibition of MMP activity and leaf extract has more anti-metastatic effects in cell based assay than seed extract. Clinical application of loquat extract as a potent chemopreventive agent may be helpful in limiting breast cancer invasion and metastasis.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.209-216
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• 2009

During the period of June, 2005 to May, 2008, 44 host plants infected with powdery mildew were collected in the Jeon-ju and Jang-su districts of Jeonbuk province and in the Jang-sung district of Jeonnam province. The hyperparasites, Ampelomyces were confirmed in 12 plant species. Most of the pycnidium shapes of Ampelomyces were circular or oval shaped, and the sizes were different even within the same host plant, and also the color of pycnidium was ranged from light brown to dark brown. Ampelomyces species were isolated from 4 hosts including Impatiens balsamina L., Cucurbita pepo, Rudbeckia laciniata var. elatier and Youngia sonchifolia, and thus the most appropriate 12 Ampelomyces strains for the current experiment were selected. When analyzing the selected 12 strains' incubational and nutritional characteristics, the malt extract agar was the most appropriate media. When investigating the effect of osmotic pressure on the spore germination, 0.15M NaCl concentration was the optimum germination concentration. When the isolated Ampelomyces sp. was tested in-vitro, it was found to be effective to control in other plant pathogens, isolated Ampelomyces showed no pathogenicity to the plant. strains isolated . studied on rDNA ITS sequence analysis. The rDNA ITS sequence data of Ampelomyces sp. isolate BSLAH16 from Impatiens balsamina L. were analyzed and identified.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-171
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• 2005

The methanolic extract of the aerial parts of Persicaria thunbergii was found to show inhibitory activity on Farnesyl Protein Transferase (FPTase). Bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanolic extract resulted in the isolation of isorhamnetin, as an inhibitor on FPTase. This compound inhibited FPTase activity in a dose-dependent manner, and the $IC_{50}$ value of isorhamnetin was $37.5\;{\mu}M$.