• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.143-162
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• 1998

This is a study for the construction of nursing care based upon the Korean attitude toward medicine. Factors which were investigated include the source of nursing care, the reason for choosing care, the type of heath care chosen, the accessability of caregivers, and the desired location of death. The population examined in this study consisted of 517 adults distributed in six large cities and 191 adults from five rural communities. Data was analyzed using frequency, percent, Cronbach alpha, $X^2$ - test, t - test, F - test and scheffe post hoc contrast with an SAS program. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. Among sources of nursing care used, first rank rated-pharmacy(54.4), private hospital(18.2), general hospital(8.4), folk remedies in house (5.0), chinese hospital(2.8), prayer(2.8) and others(8.4), and the reasons for choosing nursing care rated 'the easiest method' (63.6), 'the best method'(15.7), 'reliable'(10.8) and 'lower cost burden'(4.6) in order of preference. 2. The type of nursing care chosen rated western medicine(6.80), chinese medicine(6.15), folk remedies(5.46), faith remedies(3.51) and divination remedies (1.41). There were significant differences in the effect recognition degree to various kinds of medicine. 3. The difference of the type of nursing care chosen according to general characteristics showed that urban residents were higher than rural community residents(t=2.15, p=0.0320) in western medicine, and urban residents, women, and singles were higher than rural community residents(t=2.04, p=0.0414), men (t= -2.89, p=0.0039), and married(t=2.50, p= 0.0126) on folk remedies. With repect to age and education those 21-30, under 20 and 31-40, graduated from college and graduate school were higher than above 51, above 61 (F = 7.76, p = 0.0001), graduated from elementary school(F=4.39, p=0.0006) on folk remedies. In other categories, rural community residents, women, younger people. Christians were higher than urban residents ( t = -2.73, p=0.0305), men(t= -4.15, p=0.0001), older people (F=2.48, p=0.0307), Catholic, Buddhist, or atheist (F= 70.18, p=0.0001) on faith remedies. Those graduated from high school and Buddhist were higher than unschooled, graduated from middle school(F=3.18, p= 0.0075), atheist, Catholic or Christian(F=18.32, p=0.0001) on divination redemies. There were significant differences concerning age and education level. 4. The accessibility of caregivers rated 'caregivers should be nearby if the patients need them' (50.0), 'caregivers must be there all day (24 hours)' (39.6), 'caregivers must be there at night only'(5.0), 'caregivers must be there during the day only'(2.6), 'caregivers always should visit during visiting hours' 0.4), 'caregivers don't need to be there at all' (1.2). The frist rank of suitable caregivers were rated as spouse(66.6), mother(24.2), daughter (3.6), daughter-in-law(1.9), and the reasons of thinking thus were rated as 'the most comfortable' (81.5), 'people should correctly with regards to family they'(7.1), 'the easiest' (5.4), 'take good care of the patient' (5.1) and 'lower cost burden' (0.4). 5. The desired location of death rated as the following: his/her house (91. 6) to the hospital(8. 4). A person going to encounter death in the hospital wanted his house(78.5) over the hospital(21.5), and a person dieing in the hospital prefered his house(52.9) over the hospital(47.1) as a funeral ceremony place. The following suggestions are made based on the above results. 1. A sampling method that enhances the re presentativeness should be used in regional and/or national related research and replicated to confirm the result of this study. 2. This study should be used to understand the Korean view of medical centers and to meet the expectations of patients in Korean nursing. 3. Research on the Korean traditional view of humans and expectations of the sick, health and illness, and health behavior, the perception of dying, the decision to heal, and the view of general medicine should continue to be conducted continuosly so that Korean nursing theory can be advanced on these concepts.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.316-323
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• 2008

= ABSTRACT = Objectives : Incheon metropolitan city has set a model program of community partnership for hypertensive or diabetic patients detection and follow-up since 2005. This study examines the effects of the model on the compliance and the control of blood pressure or blood sugar level Methods : Telephone-surveys were done for 140 persons selected from 408 patients who were detected newly as hypertensive or diabetic patients at Gangwha-Gun and Seo-Gu in Incheon between January 1st and August 31th in 2006, and finally completed in 110 patients(78.6%). Survey questionnaires included socio-demographic(age, gender, and educational level), health behavioral (smoking, drinking, physical activity, and diet), and therapy-related (registration state, compliance, blood pressure or blood sugar control) variables. Odds ratio and 95% CI were derived from logistic regression model. Results : Registered group exhibited high compliance and well managed blood pressure or blood sugar level. The odds ratio of registration were 5.55(95% CI:1.83~16.89) for compliance and 3.78(95% CI:1.43~9.99) for blood pressure or blood sugar control after adjusting for age, gender, disease, and area Conclusions : It is independently related to compliance and blood pressure or blood sugar control whether the patient is registered or not. To control hypertension or diabetes mellitus in terms of compliance and control state, a community-based registration program through community partnership could be a powerful tool.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2010

본 연구는 에탄올 농도별(0, 30, 50, 70, 100 %)로 추출한 사매추출물의 항산화 효과를 Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity(ORAC)로 평가한 결과 30 % 에탄올 추출물에서 가장 우수하였다. 따라서 30 % 에탄올 추출물의 주름 완화에 관련한 효능 및 효과를 확인하기 위하여 마우스 유래 섬유아세포에 대한 세포 독성, MMP-8 collagenase 억제 활성 검사를 실시하였다. 그 결과 30 % 에탄올 사매추출물을 섬유아세포에 처리한 결과 세포 독성이 없었고, 20 %의 MMP-8 collagenase 억제 활성을 보였다. 사매 추출물 1 %가 함유된 Di-Wrinkle Free Cream (DWFC)으로부터 35 ~ 50세의 21명 여성을 대상으로 하루에 2번 도포하여 8주간 인체 안전성과 주름개선 임상평가를 수행하였다. 주름 평가 방법은 3차원 입체 측정기(PRIMOS)를 이용하여 평가를 하였다. DWFC에 대한 안전성 평가는 피험자 방문 시 마다 이상반응, 부종, 인설, 가려움, 자통, 작열감, 뻣뻣함, 따끔거림이나 다른 이상반응이 발생하는지 육안평가와 문진으로 평가하였다. PRIMOS(GFM, Germany)를 이용하여 눈 주변의 주름을 분석한 결과 시험제품 사용 8주 후 통계적으로 유의하게 주름이 13 % 감소하였으며, 시험기간 동안 특별한 피부 이상반응은 관찰되지 않았다. 이와 같은 결과로 보아 사매추출물은 인체에 부작용이 없는 주름개선에 효과 있는 화장품으로 개발이 가능할 것으로 사료된다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

본 연구는 19세 이상 성인들을 대상으로 B형간염 백신 접종률, 백신 접종이유 및 미접종 이유, 백신 접종 관련 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. B형간염 백신 접종률은 사후가중치를 적용 후 1차 38.0%, 2차 32.5%, 3차 26.9%로 나타났다. B형간염 백신 접종 관련 요인으로는 여자가, 저연령에서, 군부 거주자가, 직업이 있을 때, 고학력자가, 건강보험 가입자가, 배우자가 있을 때, 동거가족이 있을 때, 국가 권고 성인 예방접종을 인지하고 있을 때, 의사에게 성인 예방접종의 필요성을 설명 받은 경험이 있을 때, 본인의 성인 예방접종 기록 보관하고 있을 때, 성인 예방접종이 감염병 예방에 도움이 된다고 높게 인지하고 있을 때, 국가나 지방자치단체의 성인 예방접종 홍보 경험이 없을 때에 백신 접종률이 높게 나타났다. 결론적으로 우리나라 성인의 B형간염 백신 접종률은 양적 향상 및 질적인 측면에서의 개선을 위한 국가 정책 마련이 필요함을 발견하였다. 또한 성인의 B형간염 항체 형성률을 함께 파악하여 감염병 발생 감소나 퇴치를 위해서 국가수준의 예방접종률 목표치 선정과 함께 달성 정도 평가를 위한 정기적인 성인 예방접종률 산출이 필요하다. 더욱이 국가의 예방접종통합관리시스템을 통하여 안정적으로 성인의 예방접종 기록을 관리할 수 있도록 전산등록률 향상 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다.

• 분석과학
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2006

본 연구에서는 trimethylsilyl (TMS) 및 trifluoroacetyl (TFA)유도체화를 이용하여 소변여지에서 대사이상 질환을 신속하게 스크리닝하는 GC/MS 분석법을 개발하였다. 유기산과 아미노산을 동시에 유도체화하기 위해 메틸오렌지를 지시약으로 하여 $60^{\circ}C-70^{\circ}C$에서 15-20 분간 카르복실기는 TMS로 아미노기는 TFA로 유도체한 후 GC/MS-SIM으로 분석하였다. 유기산과 아미노산의 직선성의 범위는 0.001-50 mg이었고, 소변에서의 검출한계는 10-200 ng, 정량한계는 80-900 ng 이었다. 직선성을 보이는 범위에서의 상관계수(R2)는 0.994-0.998이었고, 회수율은 methylcitric acid와 glycine을 제외하고 80-100%를 보였다. 이 방법은 기존의 유기산분석에는 GC/MS를 아미노산 분석에는 아미노산분석기를 사용하는 것과 비교할 때 GC/MS만 사용하여 동시에 유기산과 아미노산을 분석함으로써 전처리가 간단하고 짧은 분석시간과 우수한 감도, 정확도, 정밀도를 보여 주었다. 정상인과 대사이상질환 환자의 검체에 적용해 보았을 때, 본 분석방법은 유기산과 아미노산대사이상의 유전성대사질환 환자의 스크리닝, 진단 및 모니터링에 임상적으로 유용함을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.167-177
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• 1982

This study was undertaken to observe relationships between patterns of feeding, supplementary-feeding and various maternal, family, and socioeconomic charactereistics in Hae Cheog Apartment area in Cheongdam-dong, Kangnamku, Seoul on July 2 to 12 in 1982. The results were based on a questionnaire from 179 mothers who have the last-born child under two years old. Results were as follows: 1) In socio-demographic characteristics, most of mothers were 25 to 30 years old and 52.0% of index children were under 6 months old. About 56.0% of families were the salaries and 47.0% of them earn over 500,000 won a month. 40.8% of mothers were college graduates and 81.6% of mothers had no occupation. 2) 89.4% of mothers received prenatal care in pregnancy of the index children and mothers who have delivered the child in medical institute were 88.3%. Mothers who recieved education of breast care and feeding technique through prenatal care were 22.4%, 31.8% respectively. 3) In the feeding method, 44.1% of mothers took the breast feeding, 24.0% of them chose the artificial feeding, and 20.7% of them chose the mixed feeding. Mothers who changed the-method from breast feeding to artificial feeding were 10.6% and only 0.6% of mothers changed from artificial feeding to breast feeding. 4) According to the questionnaire, 37 mothers have already finished lactation (no relation with. the beginning of weaning food). In breast feeding, one mother has lactated for $4{\sim}6$ months, one has lactated for $7{\sim}9$ months, four have lactated for $10{\sim}12$ months, and seven have. continued the lactation over 12 months. In artificial and mixed feeding, as the same phenomenon, most of mothers have lactated for more than 12 months. 5) The reasons for feeding method were as follows: In breast feeding, 64.6% of them took the method because they thought the breast milk nutrious, in artificial feeding, 34.9% of them chose it because they had occupation and in the mixed feeding, 67.6% of mothers took the method because of lack of their breast milk. In the case of changing the method from breast feeding to artificial feeding, 42.1% of them answered that they had to change the method because of lack of breast milk. 6) In most of cases, the 4th month was the proper period to begin the weaning food and 32.5% of breast feeding children and 27.6% of artificial feeding children began the weaning food in 4th month. After 4th month, there was no difference between breast feeding and artificial feeding in the beginning of weaning food. 7) In the matter of menstruation, 29.8% of mothers who had breast feeding started their menstruations in 3 months and the rest of them delayed until 12 months. 40% of mothers who had artificial feeding began to menstruate after 2 months and all the rest started within 5 months. 8) The birth interval between the index child and next new child (would-be-born): In breast feeding, the interval of $18{\sim}24$ months had a majority as 50.0%, and in the artificial feeding, the interval of over 24 months marked 66.7% of them. It was analyzed that the birth interval of artificial feeding was wider than that of breast feeding. 9) In the desirable number of children, the mothers who had breast feeding wanted two sons and two daughters as proper children. Those who want two children in disregard of the sex (son or daughter) were 89.3% of breast feeding, and 80.0% of artificial feeding respectively. Mothers who had breast feeding wanted two children rather than one child. 10) In the family planning practice, the rate of practice were 41.9% in breast feeding, and 58.1% in artificial feeding respectively. In the case of breast feeding, the using rate of family planning practice in men was higher than in women.

• 대한간호
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.45-62
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• 1998

The study was conducted from November 1995 to May 1996 at the one general hospital in Seoul. The total subjects of this study were 412 patients who have the experience of fall accident, among them 31 was who have fallen during hospitalization and 381 was who visited emergency room and out patient clinic. The purposes of this study were to determine the characteristics, risk factors and results of fall accident and to suggest the nursing strategies for prevention of fall. Data were collected by reviewing the medical records and interviewing with the fallers and their family members. For data analysis, spss/pc+ program was utilized for descriptive statistics, adjusted standardized $X^2$-test. The results of this study were as follows: 1) Total subjects were 412 fallers, of which 245(59.5%) were men and 167(40.5%) were women. Age were 0-14 years 79(19.2%), 15-44 years 125(30.4%), 45-64 years 104(25.2%), over 65 years 104(25.2%). 2) There was significant association between age and the sexes ($X^2$=39.17, P=0.00). 3) There was significant association between age and history of falls ($X^2$=44.41. P= .00). And history of falls in the elderly was significantly associated with falls. 4) There was significant association with age and medical diagnosis ($X^2$=140.66, P= .00), chief medical diagnosis were hypertension(34), diabetis mellitus(22), arthritis(11), stroke(8), fracture(7), pulmonary tuberculosis(6), dementia(5) and cataract(5), 5) There was significant association between age and intrinsic factors: cognitive impairment, mobility impairment, insomnia, emotional problems, urinary difficulty, visual impairments, hearing impairments, use of drugs (sedatives , antihypertensive drugs, diuretics, antidepressants) (P < 0.05). But there was no significant association between age and dizziness ($X^2$=2.87, P=.41). 6) 15.3% of total fallers were drunken state when they were fallen. 7) Environmental factors of fall accident were unusual posture (50.9%), slips(35.2%), trips (9.5%) and collision(4.4%). 8) Most of falls occurred during the day time, peak frequencies of falls occurred from 1pm to 6pm and 7am to 12am. 9) The places of fall accident were roads(22.6%), house-stairs 06.7%), rooms, floors, kitchen (11.2%), the roof-top, veranda, windows(10.9%), hospital(7.5%), ice or snowy ways(5.8%), bathroom(4.9%), playground, park(4.9%), subway-stairs(4.4%) and public-bathrooms (2.2%). 10) Activities at the time of fall accident were walking(37.6%), turning around or reaching for something(20.9%), going up or down stairs09.2%), exereise, working07.4%), up or down from a bed(2.7%), using wheelchair or walking aids, standing up or down from a chair(2.2%) and standing still(2.2%). 11) Anatomical locations of injuries by falls were head, face, neck(31.3%), lower extremities (29.9%). upper extremities(20.6%), spine, thorax, abdomen or pelvic contents(l1.4%) and unspecified(2.9%). 12) Types of injures were fracture(47.6%), bruises03.8%), laceration (13.3%), sprains(9.0%), headache(6.6%), abrasions(2.9%), intracranial hemorrage(2.4%) and burns(0.5%). 13) 41.5% of the fallers were hospitalized and average of hospitalization was 22.3 days. 14) The six fallers(1.46%) died from fall injuries. The two fallers died from intracranial hemorrage and the four fallers died of secondary infection; pneumonia(2), sepsis(1) and cell lulitis(1). It is suggested that 1) Further study is needed with larger sample size to identify the fall risk factors. 2) After the fall accident, comprehensive nursing care and regular physical exercise should be emphasized for the elderly person. 3) Safety education and safety facilities of the public place and home is necessary for fall prevention.

• 한방재활의학과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.105-116
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• 2021

Objectives Lumbar herniated intervertebral disc (L-HIVD) is common disease in which Western-Korean collaborative treatment is performed in Korea. This study aimed to analyze Western-Korean collaborative treatment utilization of Korean patients with L-HIVD using Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service's Patients Sample Data. Methods This study used the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service-National Patient Sample (HIRA-NPS) in 2018. Claim data of L-HIVD patients were extracted. The claim data were rebuilt with the operational concept of 'episode of care' and divided into Korean medicine episode group (KM), Western medicine episode group (WM) and collaborative treatment episode group (CT). General characteristics, medical expenses and healthcare utilization were analyzed. In addition, the difference of average visit day and average medical expenses between non-collaborative group (KM plus WM) and CT were analyzed by the propensity score matching method. Results A Total of 64,333 patients and 365,745 claims were extracted. The number of episodes of WM, KM and CT was 69,383 (92.97%), 3,903 (5.23%), and 1,341 (1.80%) respectively. The frequency of collaborative treatment episode was higher in women and the age of 50s. The most frequently described treatment in CT was acupuncture therapy. As a result of the propensity score matching, the number of visit days and medical expenses in the collaborative treatment group was higher than in the non-collaborative group. Conclusions The analysis of healthcare utilization of Korean-Western collaborative treatment may be used as basic data for establishing medical policies and systematic collaborative treatment model in the future.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권12호
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• pp.1566-1577
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• 2010

Nandrolone, 19-nortestosterone, is a synthetic androgenic-anabolic steroid promoting muscle growth. Nandrolone is also present in pig meat and sera at non-negligible levels. A number of scientific reports have suggested a positive relationship between incidence of infertility and increased meat consumption in humans. The present study was designed to determine out the effect of feeding nandrolone on the testis of the male reproductive tract. Mixtures of food and nandrolone at different concentrations (0.005 ppm and 0.5 ppm) were supplied to pubertal male rats for 6 weeks. Body weight was recorded every week during the entire experimental period. At the end of the treatment, the testis, epididymis, and epididymal fat were collected and weighted. Sperm numbers in the caudal epididymis were counted. Differential gene or protein expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental groups was determined by semi-quantitative real-time PCR or western blotting analysis, respectively. Histological changes of the testis induced by nandrolone treatment were examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunohistochemical analysis was employed to detect changes in the localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental animals. There were no significant changes on body, testis, epididymis, and epididymal fat weights among experimental groups. A significant increase of caudal sperm number was found in the 0.5 ppm nandrolone-treated group. Histological examination of the testes noted a high frequency of germ cell sloughing in seminiferous tubules of 0.5 ppm nandrolone-treated rats. Even though transcript levels of $3{\beta}$-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) I, $17{\beta}$-HSD4, and $17{\alpha}$-hydroxylase were influenced by nandrolone treatments, protein levels of all molecules examined in the present study were not significantly affected. Immunohistochemical analysis showed no visible changes in the localization of steroidogenic enzymes in the testes among experimental groups. The current study showed that oral intake of nandrolone in male rats for 6 weeks did not cause significant damage to the testis. It is considered that a feeding effect of nandrolone on male fertility would not be remarkable.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.4337-4347
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• 2011

본 연구는 골프웨어 소비자의 구매선택기준이 의복추구혜택과 구매만족도에 관한 연구를 분석하기 위하여 강원도 지역에 소재한 각 시 군 골프경기 및 골프연습장 이용객 중 총206명을 대상으로 선정하여 편의추출법(convenience sampling)을 사용하여 조사하였으며, 수집된 자료는 SPSS 13.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도와 백분율, 신뢰도 분석, 상관관계 및 다중회귀분석을 실시하였다. 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 인구사회학적 특성분석에 대한 결과 성별로 남자가 51.0%, 여자가 49.0%로 비슷한 분포를 보였다. 연령별로 40대에서 50대의 연령대가 가장 많게 나타났으며, 결혼 유무는 기혼이 57.3%로 미혼 42.7%로 조금 높게 나타났다. 건강상태별로는 건강한 편이 79.4% 가장 많음을 알 수 있다. 둘째, 골프웨어 소비자의 구매선택기준이, 의복추구혜택, 만족도의 상관관계에서 모두 양의 상관관계를 보였다. 셋째, 골프웨어 구매선택기준이 의복추구혜택의 관계에 대한 분석결과 구매선택기준이 의복추구혜택인 이상적 추구, 유행과 브랜드, 편안함 추구, 젊음과 개성 추구에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 골프웨어 구매선택기준이 구매만족도의 관계에 대한 분석결과는 소비자들의 골프웨어 구매만족도에서 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.