• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.291-297
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• 2015

An oral environment is constantly exposed to environmental factors and microorganisms. The periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts within this environment are subject to bacterial infection and allergic reaction. However, how these condition affect PDL fibroblasts has yet to be elucidated. PDL fibroblasts were isolated from healthy donors. We examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and measuring the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$). This study investigated the receptors activated by exogenous bacterial pathogens (Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and allergens (German cockroach extract and house dust mite) as well as these pathogenic mediators-induced effects on the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signaling in human PDL fibroblasts. Moreover, we evaluated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-8) and bone remodeling mediators (receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand and osteoprotegerin) and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-involved effect. Bacterial pathogens and allergic mediators induced increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and these results are dependent on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$. However, bacterial pathogens and allergic mediators did not lead to increased expression of bone remodeling mediators, except lipopolysaccharide-induced effect on receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand expression. These experiments provide evidence that a pathogens and allergens-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ affects the inflammatory response in human PDL fibroblasts.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제60권1호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Objective: To assess role of some inflammatory mediators in patients with primary and recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Expression of IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-1, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) have been shown to be more intense in the primary group than the recurrent goup, but this mediators may be important aspects prognostic. Methods: 19 patients underwent primary and revision operations between June 1, 2009 and June 1, 2014, and they were included in this study. The 19 patients' intervertebral disc specimens obtained from the primary procedures and reoperations were evaluated. Expression of IL-6, TGF-1, IGF-1, and BAX were examined immunohistochemically in the 38 biopsy tissues obtained from the primary and recurrent herniated intervertebral discs during the operation. Results: For IL-6 expression in the intervertebral disc specimens, there was no difference between the groups. The immunohistochemical study showed that the intervertebral disc specimens in the primary group were stained intensely by TGF-1 compared with the recurrent group. Expression of IGF-1 in the primary group was found moderate. In contrast, in the recurrent group of patients was mild expression of IGF-1. The primary group intervertebral disc specimens were stained moderately by BAX compared with the recurrent group. Conclusion: The results of our prognostic evaluation of patients in the recurrent group who were operated due to disc herniation suggest that mediators may be important parameters.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2004

Trauma remains one of the important sources leading to systemic inflammatory response anti sub-sequent multiple organ failure. Although hepatic microvascular dysfunction occurs during trauma, the mechanism responsible remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trauma on hepatic vascular stress gene expression. Femur fracture (EFx) was induced by torsion to the femur at midshaft. Liver samples were taken for RT-PCR analysis of mRNA for gtenes of interest: endothelin-1 (ET-1), its receptors $ET_A$ and $ET_B$, nitric oxide synthases (iNOS and eNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and tumor necrosis tactor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$). The expression of ET-1 mRNA was significantly increased by FFx. Expression of mRNA in FFx group showed no change in $ET_A$, $ET_B$, iNOS and HO-1 and showed a slight increase of 2.2-fold and 2.7-fold for eNOS tll1d COX-2, respectively. The level of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA significantly increased in FFx group. In conclusion, mild trauma alone causes little change in expression of vasoactive mediators.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.151-178
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to develop a formal framework and methodology to facilitate real-time data integration, thus enabling semantic interoperability among distributed and heterogeneous information systems. The proposed approach is based on the concepts of "ontology" and "semantic mediators." An ontology is developed and used to capture the intension (including structure, integrity rules and meta-properties) of the database schema. We also develop the agent communication protocol for semantic reconciliation, which is based on the theory of speech acts and agent communication language. This protocol is used by a set of semantic mediators, which automatically detect and resolve various semantic conflicts at the data- and schema-levels by referring to the ontology. A mediation-based query processing technique is developed to provide uniform and integrated access to the multiple heterogeneous information sources. Prototype tools are being implemented to provide proof of concept for this work.

• 약학회지
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.215-221
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• 2015

Glucocorticoids are known to have anti-inflammatory effect. To investigate whether corticosterone pretreatment enhances or not lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory mediators, RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of corticosterone for 24 h and then cultured without corticosterone in the presence or absence of LPS. Our results demonstrated that LPS remarkably increased production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and NO (nitric oxide). Corticosterone pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and VEGF, while significantly enhanced IL-6 and NO. These findings suggest that corticosterone pretreatment may contribute to LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages via pro- and anti-inflammatory imbalance of inflammatory mediators.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권7호
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 PAHs 오염토양의 자연 풍화 및 화학적 생물학적 처리과정에서 반응부산물로 흔히 발견되는 PAH-케톤화합물인 1-indanon (1-ID)을 대상으로 페놀계 반응매개체 존재 하에서의 망간산화물에 의한 산화 변환 제거특성 및 용존 자연유기물인 휴믹산(HA)의 존재에 따른 영향을 조사하였다. 반응성 평가 실험은 수용액 상에서 회분식(10 mg/L 1-ID, 0.3 mM phenolic mediators, $1.0g/L\;{\delta}-MnO_2$, at pH 5)으로 수행 하였으며, 페놀계의 반응매개체(phenolic mediator)는 자연산 페놀화합물로서 휴믹물질의 모델 화합물로서도 널리 사용되고 있는 11종을 사용하였다. 실험결과 1-ID은 망간산화물 자체에 대하여는 비반응성을 띠었으나 페놀계 반응매개체 존재 하에서 교차-결합(cross-coupling)반응을 통해 제거됨을 HPLC 분석을 통해 확인하였으며, 1-ID의 제거율은 반응 2일 경과 후 9.2~71.2%범위에서 페놀계 반응매개체의 구조적 특성에 따라 다르게 나타났다. 각 반응매개체 존재 하에서의 1-ID의 교차결합 반응은 유사1차 반응 속도식을 따랐으며, 초기 반응속도 상수 값($K_{int}$, $hr^{-1}$)은 0.48~15.0의 넓은 범위에서 나타났다. 1-ID의 제거효율(제거율, 속도상수)은 -OH, $-OCH_3$ 등 전자주게(electron donating) 작용기를 포함하는 반응매개체에서 높았으며, -COOH, -CHO 등 전자받게(electron withdrowing) 작용기를 포함하는 반응매개체일수록 낮았다. 또한 동일 반응 조건에서 HA 존재에 따른 영향을 검토한 결과 낮은 HA 농도(< 2 mg/L) 조건에서는 1-ID 제거효율의 상승효과를 보였으나 전체적으로는 HA 주입 농도가 증가할수록 교차 결합 반응효율이 저하됨을 확인하였다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈E:수학교육논문집
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.407-433
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 담론적 관점에서 수학 교과서를 분석하기 위해 선행 연구를 바탕으로 분석틀을 재구성하고, 중1수학 교과서의 '그래프 정의'에서 단어와 시각적 매개체가 생성하는 의미와 그 통합 관계를 분석하는데 적용하는 것이다. 담론적 관점은 Sfard(2008)의 의사소통학적 관점과 Halliday(1985/2004)의 체계기능언어학을 바탕으로 발전된 사회기호학적 관점이 통합된 것으로 이를 바탕으로 본 연구에서는 단어와 시각적 매개체가 생성하는 의미는 교과서에 구현된 수학을 관념적 메타기능이 실현하는 의미 측면과 학생의 수학적 활동의 참여 유도성을 대인관계적 메타기능이 실현하는 의미 측면으로 구분하여 분석하였고, 단어와 시각적 매개체의 통합 관계는 텍스트적 메타기능 측면에서 분석하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 단어의 관념적 의미는 수학 담론의 밀도가 높았을 뿐 아니라 수학적 활동의 주체가 모호하였고 학생 참여를 요구하는 단어의 대인관계적 의미는 사고보다는 주로 행동 측면이 강조되었다. 시각적 매개체가 구성하는 관념적 의미에서는 내러티브 다이어그램이 결여되었고 대인관계적 의미에서는 정보 제공에 질적 차이가 있었다. 둘째, 단어와 시각적 매개체의 통합 관계는 구체화, 설명, 유사, 보완처럼 다양한 방식을 통한 풍부한 수학 의미 형성을 위해 통합 관계의 다양성을 지향할 필요가 있었다. 이러한 결과는 수학 교과서를 분석하는데 의미를 생성하는 도구로서 단어와 함께 시각적 매개체의 사용을 분석하고 단어와 시각적 매개체의 통합 관계를 분석하였기 때문에 담론적 관점에서 교과서 분석의 새로운 분석틀을 제공한 의미가 있다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.11-18
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• 1996

We have established an air pouch-type allergic inflammation model in rats [1,2] and a peritoneal eosinophilia model in rats [3]. Employing the two models, chemical mediators and cytokines responsible for the development of inflammation induced by at allergic mechanisms are investigated to clarify the usefulness of the two models for the screening of anti-allergic inflammatory drugs.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2010년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.79-92
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• 2010

In the presence of laccase, generation of monomeric aromatic acids from nonphenolic lignin model dimer veratrylglycerol-$\beta$-vanillate ether (VVE) was observed. The addition of acetovanillone (AV) or acetosyringone (AS) intensified this process, i.e. transformation was more extensive than in the experiments omitting mediators. Among the products isovanillic (IA) and vanillic (VA) acids were identified.

• 한국항해학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.285-298
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to shed some light on how market orientation, mediators such as employee satisfaction, service quality and commitment, and business performance are related and to offer important managerial implication for managements or marketing practioners in the International logistics service industry.