• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.291-297
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• 2015

An oral environment is constantly exposed to environmental factors and microorganisms. The periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblasts within this environment are subject to bacterial infection and allergic reaction. However, how these condition affect PDL fibroblasts has yet to be elucidated. PDL fibroblasts were isolated from healthy donors. We examined using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and measuring the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ concentration ($[Ca^{2+}]_i$). This study investigated the receptors activated by exogenous bacterial pathogens (Lipopolysaccharide and peptidoglycan) and allergens (German cockroach extract and house dust mite) as well as these pathogenic mediators-induced effects on the intracellular $Ca^{2+}$ signaling in human PDL fibroblasts. Moreover, we evaluated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-8) and bone remodeling mediators (receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand and osteoprotegerin) and intracellular $Ca^{2+}$-involved effect. Bacterial pathogens and allergic mediators induced increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and these results are dependent on intracellular $Ca^{2+}$. However, bacterial pathogens and allergic mediators did not lead to increased expression of bone remodeling mediators, except lipopolysaccharide-induced effect on receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand expression. These experiments provide evidence that a pathogens and allergens-induced increase in $[Ca^{2+}]_i$ affects the inflammatory response in human PDL fibroblasts.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.40-46
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• 2017

Objective: To assess role of some inflammatory mediators in patients with primary and recurrent lumbar disc herniation. Expression of IL-6, transforming growth factor (TGF)-1, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, and Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) have been shown to be more intense in the primary group than the recurrent goup, but this mediators may be important aspects prognostic. Methods: 19 patients underwent primary and revision operations between June 1, 2009 and June 1, 2014, and they were included in this study. The 19 patients' intervertebral disc specimens obtained from the primary procedures and reoperations were evaluated. Expression of IL-6, TGF-1, IGF-1, and BAX were examined immunohistochemically in the 38 biopsy tissues obtained from the primary and recurrent herniated intervertebral discs during the operation. Results: For IL-6 expression in the intervertebral disc specimens, there was no difference between the groups. The immunohistochemical study showed that the intervertebral disc specimens in the primary group were stained intensely by TGF-1 compared with the recurrent group. Expression of IGF-1 in the primary group was found moderate. In contrast, in the recurrent group of patients was mild expression of IGF-1. The primary group intervertebral disc specimens were stained moderately by BAX compared with the recurrent group. Conclusion: The results of our prognostic evaluation of patients in the recurrent group who were operated due to disc herniation suggest that mediators may be important parameters.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.62-67
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• 2004

Trauma remains one of the important sources leading to systemic inflammatory response anti sub-sequent multiple organ failure. Although hepatic microvascular dysfunction occurs during trauma, the mechanism responsible remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of trauma on hepatic vascular stress gene expression. Femur fracture (EFx) was induced by torsion to the femur at midshaft. Liver samples were taken for RT-PCR analysis of mRNA for gtenes of interest: endothelin-1 (ET-1), its receptors $ET_A$ and $ET_B$, nitric oxide synthases (iNOS and eNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and tumor necrosis tactor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$). The expression of ET-1 mRNA was significantly increased by FFx. Expression of mRNA in FFx group showed no change in $ET_A$, $ET_B$, iNOS and HO-1 and showed a slight increase of 2.2-fold and 2.7-fold for eNOS tll1d COX-2, respectively. The level of TNF-${\alpha}$ mRNA significantly increased in FFx group. In conclusion, mild trauma alone causes little change in expression of vasoactive mediators.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.151-178
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• 2006

The objective of this research is to develop a formal framework and methodology to facilitate real-time data integration, thus enabling semantic interoperability among distributed and heterogeneous information systems. The proposed approach is based on the concepts of "ontology" and "semantic mediators." An ontology is developed and used to capture the intension (including structure, integrity rules and meta-properties) of the database schema. We also develop the agent communication protocol for semantic reconciliation, which is based on the theory of speech acts and agent communication language. This protocol is used by a set of semantic mediators, which automatically detect and resolve various semantic conflicts at the data- and schema-levels by referring to the ontology. A mediation-based query processing technique is developed to provide uniform and integrated access to the multiple heterogeneous information sources. Prototype tools are being implemented to provide proof of concept for this work.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.59 no.5
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• pp.215-221
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• 2015

Glucocorticoids are known to have anti-inflammatory effect. To investigate whether corticosterone pretreatment enhances or not lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory mediators, RAW 264.7 cells were pretreated with various concentrations of corticosterone for 24 h and then cultured without corticosterone in the presence or absence of LPS. Our results demonstrated that LPS remarkably increased production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-$1{\beta}$, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and NO (nitric oxide). Corticosterone pretreatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, and VEGF, while significantly enhanced IL-6 and NO. These findings suggest that corticosterone pretreatment may contribute to LPS-induced inflammatory responses in macrophages via pro- and anti-inflammatory imbalance of inflammatory mediators.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

An investigation for removal of 1-indanone (1-ID), which were commonly produced from the biological and/or chemical treatment and natural weathering of the PAHs-contaminated soils, via oxidative transformation mediated by birnessite in the presence of various phenolic mediators is described. This study also examines the potential effect of the natural occurring substance humic acid (HA) on the oxidative transformation. The experiment was carried out in aqueous phase as a batch test (10 mg/L 1-ID, 0.3 mM phenolic mediators, $1.0g/L\;{\delta}-MnO_2$, at pH 5). All of the 11 tested phenoilic mediators belong to the group of natural occurring phenols and are widely used as model constituents of humic substances. From the results of HPLC analysis, it is demonstrated that 1-ID was not reactive to birnessite itself, but it can be effectively removed in birnessite-mediated cross coupling reactions in the presence of the phenolic mediators. The percent removals of 1-ID after 2 day incubation were ranged from 9.2 to 71.2% depending on the phenolic mediators applied. The initial rate constant ($K_{int}$, $hr^{-1}$) values for the 1-ID removals obtained from the pseudo-first-order kinetic plots also widely ranged from 0.18 to 15.0. Results of the correlative analysis between the removal efficiencies and structural characteristics of phenolic mediators indicate that the transformation of the 1-ID was considerably enhanced by the addition of electron-donating substituents (e.g., -OH, $-OCH_3$) at the benzne ring, and much less enhanced by the addition of electron-withdrawing substituents (e.g., -COOH, -CHO). The presence of HA showed that removal efficiencies of 1-ID in the birnessite-phenolic mediator systems decreased with increasing HA concentrations. However at low concentration of HA (< 2 mg/L), it caused some enhancement in the removals of 1-ID as compared to the control.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.407-433
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• 2018

In order to analyze textbooks from a discursive approach, the purpose of this study is to structuralize an analytic framework based on previous literature review and apply it to analyzing the meanings and their syntheses developed by words and visual mediators appeared in the definition of graph in first-year middle school textbooks. The discursive approach consists of the communicational approach developed by Sfard(2008) and the systemic functional linguistics developed by Halliday(1985/2004). In this study, ideational meta-functions for ideational meanings and interpersonal meta-functions for interpersonal meanings were employed to analyze the meanings produced by words and visual mediators in textbooks, whereas textual meta-functions for textual meanings were used for analyzing the synthesized relationships between words and visual mediators. Results show that first, density in mathematical discourse was very high and subjects in mathematical activities were ambiguous in the ideational meanings of words, and behavior aspect was more emphasized than thinking aspect in the interpersonal meanings of words which request student participations. In the case of ideational meanings of visual mediators, there was a lack of narrative diagrams, whereas there were qualitative differences in the case of offer. Second, there was a need for promoting a wide range of diverse synthetic relationships between words and visual mediators for developing enriched mathematical meanings through the varying uses like specification, explanation, similarity, and complement. These results are so important that they provide a new analytic framework from a discursive approach to textbook analysis because not only words, but also visual mediators are analyzed as tools for producing meanings in mathematics textbooks and their synthetic relationships are also examined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.11-18
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• 1996

We have established an air pouch-type allergic inflammation model in rats [1,2] and a peritoneal eosinophilia model in rats [3]. Employing the two models, chemical mediators and cytokines responsible for the development of inflammation induced by at allergic mechanisms are investigated to clarify the usefulness of the two models for the screening of anti-allergic inflammatory drugs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry Conference
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• 2010.04a
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• pp.79-92
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• 2010

In the presence of laccase, generation of monomeric aromatic acids from nonphenolic lignin model dimer veratrylglycerol-$\beta$-vanillate ether (VVE) was observed. The addition of acetovanillone (AV) or acetosyringone (AS) intensified this process, i.e. transformation was more extensive than in the experiments omitting mediators. Among the products isovanillic (IA) and vanillic (VA) acids were identified.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.285-298
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to shed some light on how market orientation, mediators such as employee satisfaction, service quality and commitment, and business performance are related and to offer important managerial implication for managements or marketing practioners in the International logistics service industry.