• 생명과학회지
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1232-1236
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• 2016

Mitochondrial calcium uptake 1 (MICU1)은 2개의 canonical EF hands를 가지고 미토콘드리아 내막에 위치하여, 미토콘드리아의 칼슘 섭취에 중요한 기능을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 근육 세포의 미토콘드리아 칼슘 섭취는 사후에 급속냉각 또는 냉장 시, 근육 내 칼슘 방출로 인한 강직과 관련되어 있으므로 궁극적으로는 육질 형성에 관련이 있을 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 돼지 MICU1 유전자의 exon영역의 변이를 탐색하고, 발굴된 변이에 대해 육질 형질과의 연관성 분석을 실시하였다. 이를 위해 버크셔 667두(암퇘지 347두, 거세수퇘지 320두)가 이용되었으며, MICU1 유전자의 cDNA를 염기서열 해독하여 비교함으로써 exon 영역의 변이를 발굴하였다. 그 결과 MICU1의 3' 비해독 영역(untranslated region, UTR)에서 3개의 단일염기다형성(single-nucleotide polymorphism, SNP)를 발견했다. 그리고 이들 SNP에 대해 공시돈의 육질형질(근육 pH, 육즙 손실, 육색, 근내지방함량)과 연관성 분석을 실시했다. SNP1 (c.*136G>A)에서는 육즙 손실(p=0.017), 근내지방함량(p=0.039)과 연관되어 있었고, SNP2 (c.*222G>A)와 SNP3 (c.*485G>A)에서는 각각 육즙 손실(p=0.018)과 근내지방함량(p<0.001)과 연관되어 있는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 결과를 바탕으로, 돼지에서 육질과 관련된 후보 유전자로 추정된 MICU1 유전자로부터 3' 비해독 영역의 변이가 유의적으로 육질 형질과 관련되어있다는 것이 확인되었다. 향후 MICU1 유전자의 3' 비해독 영역의 변이들에 기능적 역할을 정확히 파악하기 위한 분자생물학적 특성 연구가 필요할 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.321-327
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• 2010

성별 한우쇠고기의 품질 특성을 조사하기 위하여 육질등급이 5개로 개전된 후 첫 해인 2005년도에 전국에 출하된 42,113두의 육질등급 요인을 조사하였으며, 2005년부터 2008년도 상반기까지 국립축산과학원에서 도축된 257두의 쇠고기 품질을 분석하였다. 성별 한우의 육질등급요인(근내지방도, 육색, 지방색, 조직감, 성숙도)은 유의적인 차이가 있었으며 한우 거세우가 가장 우수하였다(p<0.05). 근내지방도, 성숙도 및 조직감은 거세우가 각각 5.02, 2.17 및 1.31로 가장 우수하였으며 이에 따라 육질등급 지수도 2.75($1^{++}$ 등급 =1, 3등급= 5)로 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 수분함량은 수소가 73.23%로 가장 높았으며, 조지방 함량은 거세우가 17.27% 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 거세우의 명도($L^*$), 전단력 및 보수력은 각각 39.01, 4.03 kg 및 57.08%로 가장 높았으나(p<0.05), 암소와 수소 간의 차이가 없었다. 전단력에 있어서 암소 및 수소가 각각 7.73 kg 및 8.35 kg으로 비교적 높게 나타난 것은 연도 증진에 관련된 연구가 필요한 것으로 판단된다. 관능검사 결과 연도, 다즙성, 향미 및 총 점수에서 거세우가 가장 좋았다(p<0.05). 이와 같은 연구는 시대적으로 변화하는 한우산업의 여건에 따라 단계 별로 수행할 필요가 있으며, 암소의 경우 경산우 비육이 대부분인 우리나라의 실정에 비추어 볼 때 산차별 또는 연령별 품질관련 연구가 더욱 필요하다고 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.622-626
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• 2007

Using multi-trait animal model BLUP, selection was conducted over seven generations for growth rate (DG), real-time ultrasound loin-eye muscle area (LEA), backfat thickness (BF), and intramuscular fat content (IMF) to develop a new line of purebred Duroc pigs with enhanced meat production and meat quality. This study was intended to investigate the relationship between restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of a heart fatty acid-binding protein (H-FABP) gene and intramuscular fat content (IMF) of this Duroc purebred population. The present experiment examined the RFLP of 499 slaughtered pigs. The DNA was separated from the blood or ear tissue of the pigs, which were slaughtered at 105 kg of body weight. Intramuscular fat content of the longissimus muscle was measured using chemical analysis. A significant difference was detected in the breeding value of IMF among the H-FABP PCR RFLP genotypes. The AA genotype has a significantly larger positive effect on the IMF breeding value than do the Aa and aa genotypes for the MspI RFLP. In addition, the DD genotype has a significantly greater positive effect on IMF breeding value than the Dd and dd genotypes for the HaeIII RFLP. For the HinfI RFLP, the hh genotype has a significantly larger positive effect on IMF breeding value than the HH genotype. Multiple regression analysis was performed using the IMF breeding values as the dependent variable and the three H-FABP genotypes as independent variables. Results revealed that the contribution of the genotypes to variation in IMF breeding values was approximately 40%. These results demonstrated that H-FABP RFLPs affect IMF in this Duroc population.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.826-839
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• 2021

A 60-d feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diets supplemented with two concentrations (0% and 0.3%) of black raspberry (Rubus coreanus Miquel) fruit by-product (RCFB) on the physicochemical characteristics, oxidative stability, antioxidant capacity, antioxidant enzyme activity, and fatty acid profile of M. longissimus dorsi (LL) porcine muscle from Berkshire finishing pigs meat. Results revealed that regardless of the sex, diets supplemented with 0.3% RCFB reduced (p<0.05) the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) expressed as malonaldehyde (MDA) content effectively. A higher antioxidant capacity [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity] was found (p<0.05) in response to feeding supplemented with 0.3% RCBF for male or female pigs. Moreover, 0.3% RCFB dietary feed increased (p<0.05) the glutathione peroxidase enzyme activities (GPX1) in blood plasma for male or female pigs. However, no influences were observed (p>0.05) on meat color, WHC, shear force, and fatty acid contents while fed diet supplemented with 0% or 0.3% RCFB for male or female pigs. Overall, this study suggests that a diet supplemented with 0.3% RCFB may beneficially affect owing to better oxidative stability, higher antioxidant capacity, and antioxidant enzyme activity (blood plasma) in pigs which could be a promising natural antioxidant without affecting meat quality traits.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.85-100
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• 2023

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of high-intensity ultrasound (HIU) application on meat quality traits, sensory parameters, and the microstructure of semitendinosus muscle from Hanwoo cattle. The samples were treated in an ultrasonic bath (35 kHz) at an intensity of 800 W/cm² for 60 min, followed by aging at 1℃ for 0, 3, and 7 days. The application of ultrasound resulted in lower Warner-Bratzler shear force and higher myofibrillar fragmentation index values during the storage period. HIU also enhanced the tenderness, flavor, umami, and overall acceptability of cooked beef muscle. However, the electronic tongue evaluation results showed higher umami values in the control treatment on the seventh day of storage. The microstructure of sonicated meat showed disorganized myofibrillar architecture and swelling in the A-band region of sarcomeres during the storage period, which led to greater meat tenderness. The heatmap illustrated the high abundance of α-linolenic acid (C20:5n3) and eicosapentaenoic acid (C18:3n3) in sonicated meat samples on the third day of the storage. These results showed that HIU is a potential method for tenderizing and improving the sensory attributes of beef without compromising other quality aspects.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1529-1535
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• 2006

Leptin has been investigated as a candidate gene for fat characteristics in beef cattle. Previously, we have reported 57 sequence variants discovered in Korean cattle (Bos Taurus coreanae). In this study, we examined the association between polymorphisms of leptin and carcass traits (cold carcass weight (CWT) and marbling score (Marb)) in Korean cattle. Among 57 polymorphisms, 11 common polymorphic sites were genotyped in our beef cattle (n = 437). Statistical analysis revealed that one single nucleotide polymorphism in coding exon (c.+411T>C (A137A)) showed a significant association with the yield trait, CWT. The C-bearing genotypes (CC or CT) of c.+411T>C (A137A) showed the higher CWT (p = 0.006). c.+150C>G (S50S) also showed a significant association with the quality trait, Marb (p = 0.01). Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in leptin might be one of the important genetic factors that influence carcass yield and quality in beef cattle, especially in CWT and Marb.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.766-771
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate interaction effects of genes using a Harvester method. A sample of Korean cattle, Hanwoo (n = 476) was chosen from the National Livestock Research Institute of Korea that were sired by 50 Korean proven bulls. The steers were born between the spring of 1998 and the autumn of 2002 and reared under a progeny-testing program at the Daekwanryeong and Namwon branches of NLRI. The steers were slaughtered at approximately 24 months of age and carcass quality traits were measured. A SNP Harvester method was applied with a support vector machine (SVM) to detect significant SNPs in the CCDC158 gene and interaction effects between the SNPs that were associated with average daily gains, cold carcass weight, longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling scores. The statistical significance of the major SNP combinations was evaluated with $x^2$-statistics. The genotype combinations of three SNPs, g.34425+102 A>T(AA), g.4102636T>G(GT), and g.11614-19G>T(GG) had a greater effect than the rest of SNP combinations, e.g. 0.82 vs. 0.75 kg, 343 vs. 314 kg, 80.4 vs $74.7cm^2$, and 7.35 vs. 5.01, for the four respective traits (p<0.001). Also, the estimates were greater compared with single SNPs analyzed (the greatest estimates were 0.76 kg, 320 kg, $75.5cm^2$, and 5.31, respectively). This result suggests that the SNP Harvester method is a good option when multiple SNPs and interaction effects are tested. The significant SNPs could be applied to improve meat quality of Hanwoo via marker-assisted selection.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1553-1558
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of stocking density or group size on feed intake, daily gain, and carcass characteristics of Hanwoo (Korean indigenous breed) steers reared from 7 months to 31 months of age. Thirty Hanwoo steers were divided into four groups with three replicates each (a total of 12 pens). In each group, one (G1), two (G2), three (G3), and four steers (G4) per pen were allocated as treatments. Pen size was $32.0m^2$, and therefore Hanwoo steers in G1, G2, G3, and G4 were reared under different space allowances, i.e. 32.0, 16.0, 10.6, and $8.0m^2$/steer, respectively. Steers were reared following a conventional beef cattle management method in Korea, and were offered a fixed amount of commercial concentrate with ad libitum forages. Results were subjected to analysis of variance with stocking density as the main effect, and significance was declared at p<0.05. Although total feed intake was not significantly altered, it numerically increased in animals of low stocking density (G1) compared to those subjected to high stocking density treatment (i.e. G4). Feed conversion ratio was higher (p<0.05) in G3 compared to G1 and G2. Animals in G1 (low stocking density) grew faster (p<0.05) than those of high stocking density (G3 and G4). Back fat thickness, meat yield index, and meat yield grade were similar among all levels of stocking density. However, longissimus muscle area was larger in G1 and G2 (p<0.01) compared to G3 and G4, and animals in G3 produced smaller carcasses (p<0.05). Carcass quality traits, including marbling score, meat color, fat color, texture, maturity and meat quality grade, as determined by a group of experts, were not significantly different among the treatments. In conclusion, lower stocking density resulted in increased feed efficiency, daily gain, and carcass weight in Hanwoo steers. However it remains unclear whether such differences are the results of stocking density or group size, or a combination of both. Nonetheless, these results confirm previous studies reporting a negative effect of increased stocking density on animal productivity. Further, animal welfare under an intensive farming system in relation to economical return is discussed.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.914-918
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• 2018

Objective: The relationship between water-holding capacity (WHC) and intermuscular fat (IMF) was studied in Japanese commercial pork. Methods: Longissimus muscles of pigs (n = 62), obtained from two meat packing plants, were analyzed for IMF content, moisture content, drip loss, cooking loss, and pH. Pairwise relationships among these traits were determined using correlation analyses. Results: IMF content was significantly correlated with moisture content (r = -0.88; p<0.01) and pH (r = 0.32; p<0.05), but not with drip loss (r = -0.23; p = 0.07) or cooking loss (r = -0.10; p = 0.42). In contrast, drip loss was significantly (and negatively) correlated with pH (r = -0.57; p<0.01). Conclusion: IMF content was not significantly correlated with WHC in pork, and so ultimately, we consider pH to be one of the most important factors influencing WHC in pork meat.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.183-188
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• 2012

The bovine fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 (FABP4 and 5) is a major positional and physiological candidate gene for the bovine marbling and carcass weight. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between economic traits of Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and genetic variation in fatty acid binding protein 4 and 5 (FABP4 and 5) genes within carcass/meat quality traits and the before/after of fatting in breed Hanwoo. Here, we characterized the nucleotide polymorphism of FABP4 and 5 in 86 cattle. We were detected the variability of three types (GG, AG, and AA) by PCR, and economic traits were analyzed by the mixed regression model implemented in the ASReml program. As the result of statistical and supersonic analysis, FABP4 gene was highly showed significant effect (p<0.006) on marbling score (MS), in contrast FABP5 gene was lowed (p<0.084) on MS before fatting. But, FABP4 gene was highly showed significant effect (p<0.0054) on MS, in contrast FABP5 gene lowest (p<0.0899) on MS in the after of fatting. Compare to supersonic result before fatting in FABP4 gene, it was detected type GG: (p<7.18), AG: (p<8.50), and AA: (p<10.50) (n=50), showed type GG: (p<4.88), AG: (p<2.33), and AA: (p<0.00) after weed out (n=20). Futhermore, it was detected type GG: (p<9.30), AG: (p<7.95), and AA: (p<7.40) (n=50) before fatting in the FABP5 gene. It was shown type GG: (p<2.67), AG: (p<3.50), and AA: (p<5.00) after weed out (n=50). Our results indicate that FABP4 and 5 gene transcription is regulated by the environment of feeding and management, and suggest that feeding and management could be potential key in determining FABP4 and 5 genes transcription for carcass/meat quality traits in breed Hanwoo.