• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.242-248
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• 2013

In the Northeast of Brazil, expansion of guava crops has been impaired by Meloidogyne enterolobii that causes root galls, leaf fall and plant death. Considering the fact that arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) improve plant growth giving protection against damages by plant pathogens, this work was carried out to select AMF efficient to increase production of guava seedlings and their tolerance to M. enterolobii. Seedlings of guava were inoculated with 200 spores of Gigaspora albida, Glomus etunicatum or Acaulospora longula and 55 days later with 4,000 eggs of M. enterolobii. The interactions between the AMF and M. enterolobii were assessed by measuring leaf number, aerial dry biomass, $CO_2$ evolution and arbuscular and total mycorrhizal colonization. In general, plant growth was improved by the treatments with A. longula or with G. albida. The presence of the nematode decreased arbuscular colonization and increased general enzymatic activity. Higher dehydrogenase activity occurred with the A. longula treatment and $CO_2$ evolution was higher in the control with the nematode. More spores and higher production of glomalin-related soil proteins were observed in the treatment with G. albida. The numbers of galls, egg masses and eggs were reduced in the presence of A. longula. Inoculation with this fungus benefitted plant growth and decreased nematode reproduction.

• 생약학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.213-225
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• 2022

Schisandra chinensis is widely known to regulate fatigue recovery, lowering blood pressure, and contains several bioactive compounds such as schizadran. In this study, we obtained basic data for the development of health food by measuring the schizandrin content, antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and enzyme activity of the hot water extract (SCW) and 40% ethanol extract (SCE) of S. chinensis grown in Sunchang-gun, Korea. Schizandrin content was measured as 7.87 ± 0.01 mg/g for SCW and 10.38 ± 0.05 mg/g for SCE. SCE had higher DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity than SCW, and the total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were also higher. Both SCW and SCE (500 ㎍/mL) exhibited more than 55% protective effects against oxidative stress in HepG2 cell lines. Anti-inflammatory efficacy was assessed using RAW 264.7 and Caco-2 cells and both SCW and SCE do not have cytotoxic effects. Anti-inflammatory results showed concentration-dependent NO activity and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) inhibition. The antibacterial activity increased with increasing dose concentrations of SCW and SCE, and the MIC was 25 mg/mL for L. monocytogenes, S. typhimurium, and 75 mg/mL for H. pylori. In addition, amylase and protease enzyme activity was observed in both SCW and SCE.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2015

Background Adipose tissue damage of cryopreserved fat after autologous fat transfer is inevitable in several processes of re-transplantation. This study aims to compare and analyze the survivability of adipocytes after thawing fat cryopreserved at $-20^{\circ}C$ by using thawing methods used in clinics. Methods The survival rates of adipocytes in the following thawing groups were measured: natural thawing at $25^{\circ}C$ for 15 minutes; natural thawing at $25^{\circ}C$ for 5 minutes, followed by rapid thawing at $37^{\circ}C$ in a water bath for 5 minutes; and rapid thawing at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 minutes in a water bath. The survival rates of adipocytes were assessed by measuring the volume of the fat layer in the top layers separated after centrifugation, counting the number of live adipocytes after staining with trypan blue, and measuring the activity of mitochondria in the adipocytes. Results In the group with rapid thawing for 10 minutes in a water bath, it was observed that the cell count of live adipocytes and the activity of the adipocyte mitochondria were significantly higher than in the other two groups (P<0.05). The volume of the fat layer separated by centrifugation was also measured to be higher, which was, however, not statistically significant. Conclusions It was shown that the survival rate of adipocytes was higher when the frozen fat tissue was thawed rapidly at $37^{\circ}C$. It can thus be concluded that if fats thawed with this method are re-transplanted, the survival rate of cryopreserved fats in transplantation will be improved, and thus, the effect of autologous fat transfer will increase.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.449-457
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• 2021

Photosynthesis and respiration rate of microalgae are important factors during advanced wastewater treatment research using microalgae, There are several equipments and measurement methods for measuring photosynthesis and respiration, with different challenges that occur during pretreatment and stabilization of the analysis process. Therefore, in this study, for accurate Photosynthesis and Respiration (P&R) analyzer measurement, the analysis process was divided into pre-processing, DO stabilization, and analysis stages and each was optimized to enable accurate evaluation. For this purpose, the effect of DO saturation of the sample on P&R analysis, DO stabilization according to the degassing flow rate, and photoinhibition of the OD level on photosynthesis was investigated. Based on our study results, when DO was supersaturated, photosynthetic efficiency decreased due to photorespiration, making it inappropriate as a P&R sample. In addition, 0.5 L-N2/min level was the optimal nitrogen degassing flow rate for DO desaturation. The inhibition of photosynthetic efficiency by self-shading caused by the increase in OD was observed from OD 2.0, and it was found that P& R analysis is preferably performed on samples with OD less than 2.0. In addition, based on the above three optimization results, an optimized P&R Analyzer instruction for accurate P&R analysis was also presented.

• 천문학논총
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.281-284
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• 2012

We utilize AKARI's slitless spectroscopic capability to detect the $3.3{\mu}m$ polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) emission and measure star formation (SF) activity for various AKARI programs. First, we obtain $2{\sim}5{\mu}m$ spectra of 20 flux-limited galaxies with mixed SED classes in order to calibrate the $3.3{\mu}m$ PAH luminosity ($L_{PAH3.3}$) as a star formation rate (SFR) indicator. We find that $L_{PAH3.3}$ correlates with $L_{IR}$ as well as with the $6.2{\mu}m$ PAH luminosity ($L_{PAH6.2}$). The correlations does not depend on SED classes. We find that ULIRGs deviate from the correlation between PAH luminosities and $L_{IR}$, while they do not for the correlation between PAH luminosities. We suggest possible effects to cause this deviation. On the other hand, how AGN activity is linked to SB activity is one of the most intriguing questions. While it is suggested that AGN luminosity of quasars correlates with starburst (SB) luminosity, it is still unclear how AGN activity is connected to SF activity based on host galaxy properties. We are measuring SFRs for the LQSONG sample consisting of reverberation mapped AGNs and PG-QSOs. This is an extension of the ASCSG program by which we investigated the connection between SB and AGN activities for Seyferts type 1s at z ~ 0.36. While we found no strong correlation between $L_{PAH3.3}$ and AGN luminosity for these Seyferts 1s, $L_{PAH3.3}$ measured from the central part of galaxies correlates with AGN luminosity, implying that SB and AGN activities are directly connected in the nuclear region.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.821-827
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• 2005

섬진강의 상류인 요천은 남원을 관통하며 흐른다. 요천의 수온은 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 높아지는 경향을 나타냈다. DO, 인, 총질소, 전기전도도, 총용존고형물은 정점 8에서 크게 상승하였다. 그러나 수소이온농도와 용존산소는 급져히 떨어졌다. 정점 8은 남원시의 중앙부를 지나는 작은 개천과 합류하는 지점이며, 주변에 남원위생사업소가 있다. 정점 8 이하의 하류에서, 갈수기인 4월과 6월의 COD양은 호소수질기준 3급수에 해당한다. 이러한 수질오염은 남원시에서 배출되는 생활하수 등으로 유입된 COD, 총인, 총질소가 원인일 것으로 추정된다. 별다른 오염원이 없는 정점 2와 3에서 높은 함량의 COD와 총질소는 농업활동에 의해 발생했을 가능성이 있다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.193-197
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• 2005

Isoflavones 4'-O-methylalpinumisoflavone (1) and 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-6,8-diprenylisoflavone (2) were isolated from stem bark of Cudrania tricuspidata (Carr.) Bureau. These compounds were the first reported from this plant. Antioxidant activities 1 and 2 were evaluated by measuring their ability to scavenge DPPH and ABTS radicals. Diprenylisoflavone 2 showed strong scavenging activity against ABTS ($IC_{50}\;=\;16.3\;{\mu}M$), three-fold higher compared to genistein, which do not possess prenylated group which indicates strong scavenging activity against ABTS radical of isoflavone 2 was due to prenyl group.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.193-199
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• 2000

The textbook is a predominant feature of most classrooms. Because the textbook is an important aspect of educational experience, it is essential that the content of the texts be carefully scrutinized. The purpose of this study was to examine the visual portrayal of gender groups in elementary $"Chay{\tilde{o}}n"$ textbooks developed by the 6th National Science Curriculum. An instrument was developed to analyze the nature and type of activity engaged in by these groups as well as how often members of these groups were portrayed. Data were collected from 8 elementary $"Chay{\tilde{o}}n"$ textbooks. The results show the following two different features. While the elementary $"Chay{\tilde{o}}n"$ textbooks do not show gender-biases in representing science learning activities such as observing, experimenting, measuring, they show distinct gender-stereotyped roles and activities. It is expected that the results of this study are considered in developing the new elementary "Science" textbooks which show gender-fairness.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.57-73
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• 2002

Illegal fishing is often cited as a principal cause of the failure of fisheries management, expecially fishing efforts regulations in traditional fisheries management. Usually, illegal fishing problems are perceived to be equivalent to inadequate enforcement, and policy prescription then follow to strengthen enforcement programs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the illegal fishing behavior relatively recent emphasis on fishing efforts regulations in traditional fisheries management. The analysis focuses on measuring, explaining and developing the effectiveness way of enforcement strategies responding to imperfectly managed fishing efforts regulations through illegal fishing behavior and avoid enforcement fishing efforts measures. A model of fishermen fishing behavior and profit-maximizing decision making is analyzed to determine optimal fishing at individual fisherman level in response to fishing efforts regulation. The results of economic analysis of the enforcement of illegal fishing in traditional fisheries management results are as follows: First, illegal fishing will occur only if enforcement effort is not so high as to remove the incentive to do so, and if the effectiveness of avoidance is not too great, nor its cost too low. Second, avoidance effort will occur at a level jointly proportional to the extent of illegal activity and of enforcement; for given levels of the latter, the desired avoidance effort increase with its effectiveness and decrease with its cost Third, to improve the effectiveness of enforcement, understanding avoidance behavior appears to be crucial to any efforts. Forth, enforcement and fishermen behavior interact depends strongly on characteristics of avoidance, specifically its cost and effectiveness. When avoidance is neither too cheap nor too effective, the interaction is regular. Fifth, in this case, at low levels of enforcement, fishers respond to increases in enforcement by increasing avoidance, but at higher enforcement levels, it becomes uneconomical to continue to do so, and avoidance decreases with enforcement. Sixth, illegal fishing activity decreases steadily with enforcement, so the fishery manager is able, in theory, to reduce illegal fishing toward zero by increasing enforcement. If, however, avoidance is very inexpensive and/or very efficient/ then the optimal level of avoidance will increase indefinitely with increasing enforcement. Finally, less fishery enforcement is required if fishermen have less incentive to overfish, and fishermen have less incentive to avoid fishery enforcement measures.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.498-507
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• 2024

In the field of mental health care, long-term healing programs have gained widespread recognition for their effectiveness in promoting well-being. However, the efficacy of shorter-term interventions, such as 1-night 2-day programs, remains relatively understudied. The primary objective of this initiative is twofold: firstly, to enhance the overall well-being and resilience of participants, and secondly, to investigate the program's potential to ameliorate specific mental health indicators. These indicators include physical stress levels, autonomic nervous system health, brain activity, brain stress, and concentration. A 1-night 2-day mental health healing program was implemented for 560 civil servants from Jeollanam-do (mean age 47.87 yrs). The focus was on measuring changes through baseline assessments before participation and post-program assessments upon completion. Measurements included physical stress index, autonomic nervous system health, brain activity level, brain stress, and brain concentration. There was a significant decrease in physical stress, as well as a significant decrease in autonomic nervous system health (p<0.05). Although there was no significant difference in brain activity level, there was a tendency for brain activity level to stabilize in the high-frequency range. Additionally, a significant decrease in stress levels and an improvement in concentration were observed. Incorporating 1-night 2-day relaxation programs into our daily lives offers a holistic approach to caring for both our physical and mental health, providing essential moments of rejuvenation and self-care that contribute to overall well-being and fulfillment.