• Title/Summary/Keyword: mbc

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Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamon, Clove and Lemongrass Essential Oils against Biofilm Formation by Food Poisoning Bacteria (식중독 미생물의 biofilm 형성에 대한 계피, 정향 및 레몬그래스 정유의 억제 효과)

  • Kim, Hyeong-Eun;Kim, Yong-Suk
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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    • v.36 no.5
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    • pp.430-439
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    • 2021
  • Essential oils with excellent antibacterial activity were used to study the inhibitory effect against the six types of food poisoning biofilms formed on the surfaces of polyethylene (PE) and stainless steel (SS) that are widely used for food processing instruments and containers. The antibacterial activity of 20 kinds of essential oils was tested using the disk diffusion method. The result showed the degree of antibacterial activity in the following order: cinnamon> clove> lemongrass> peppermint> pine needle (highest to lowest). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of cinnamon and clove oil were in the range of 0.63-1.25 mg/mL and 1.25-2.50 mg/mL, respectively. The MIC and MBC of lemongrass oil were 1.25-2.50 mg/mL and 2.50-5.00 mg/mL, respectively, showing slightly less antibacterial activity. Although the preventive effect of three types of essential oils on the biofilm formation differed slightly depending on food poisoning bacteria, PE, and SS, it was found that the precoating of 0.5% cinnamon, clove, and lemongrass oil on the PE and SS affects the formation of biofilm. Increased essential oil concentration significantly inhibited the biofilm formation for all food poisoning bacteria (P<0.05), and biofilms of Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus were not formed when treated with 0.5% cinnamon and clove oil. The elimination effect of food poisoning bacteria biofilms formed on the surfaces of PE and SS differed depending on the type of food poisoning bacteria. Still, the biofilm elimination effect increased as the essential oil concentration increased, and the biofilm elimination rate of clove oil was generally high. Therefore, this study found that the cinnamon and clove essential oils (0.5%) are suitable natural materials that effectively prevent, inhibit, and remove the biofilms formed by the food poisoning bacteria on the surfaces of polyethylene and stainless steel.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant Potential of Methanol Extract of Viburnum sargentii Seeds (Viburnum sargentii 종자 메탄올 추출물의 항균 및 항산화 활성에 대한 연구)

  • Patil, Maheshkumar Prakash;Seong, Yeong-Ae;Kang, Min-jae;Singh, Alka Ashok;Niyonizigiye, Irvine;Kim, Gun-Do;Lee, Jong-Kyu
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.29 no.6
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    • pp.671-678
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    • 2019
  • Antibacterial and antioxidant activities of plant sources have attracted a wide range of interest across the world over the last decade. This is due to the growing concern for safe and alternative sources of antibacterial and antioxidant agents. In this study, we focused on the antibacterial and antioxidant activities and the chemical composition of a methanol extract from Viburnum sargentii seeds. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS), and the antibacterial activity was screened by a disc diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined using the microbroth dilution and spread plate method, respectively. The V. sargentii extract showed growth inhibition activity on all tested Gram-positive (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus saprophyticus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas putida, and Proteus vulgaris) pathogenic bacteria. The MIC and MBC ranged from 0.156~1.25 mg/ml for Gram-positive and 0.625~5.0 mg/ml for Gram-negative tested bacteria. The GC-MS results revealed the presence of several phytochemicals such as ${\beta}-sitosterol$ and vitamin E, which are known for their pharmacological applications. The antioxidant activities of V. sargentii extract were investigated by three different methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical scavenging assay, the reducing power assay, and the total antioxidant capacity assay. The results showed a concentration-dependent antioxidant potential for all three used methods. In sum, our findings suggest that the methanol extract of V. sargentii seeds has the potential to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria and provide antioxidant compounds, making it therefore worthy of further investigation.

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activities of Rhubarb Extracts on Putrefactive Microorganisms Related to Soybean Curd (Doobu) (두부 부패 미생물에 대한 대황(Rhubarb) 추출물의 항균 활성 평가)

  • Kim, Chul-Jai;Suh, Hee-Ji;Chung, Hee-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.225-231
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    • 2006
  • 대황(Rhubarb)은 중국과 일본에서 혈액 순환제, 진통제, 신장치료제 등으로 전통적으로 사용되고 있는 약용식물이다. 이 연구에서는 한국산 R. undulatum L.의 뿌리 추출물, 미국산 R. rhabarbarum L.과 중국산 R. palmatum L.의 줄기 추출물의 두부 부패에 관여하는 미생물에 대한 항균 활성을 평가하였다. Rhubarb의 최적 추출을 위해서 각각 50%, 70%, 80% 에탄올을 용매로 사용하였으며, 항균 활성은 Kirby-Bauert test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC)과 minimum bactericide concentration (MBC)에 의해서 평가되었다. Kirby-Bauert test 결과, R. undulatum L.의 뿌리 추출물은 대부분 두부 부패균에 대해서 항균 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, R. rhabarbarum L.의 줄기 추출물의 경우는 $20{\mu}g/disc$의 농도에서는 항균 활성이 거의 나타나질 않았으나, 고농도로 갈수록 높은 항균 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 R. palmatum L.의 줄기 추출물은 고농도로 갈수록 항균 활성이 높아졌으나, Pseudomonas aeruginosa에 관해서는 항균 활성이 나타나지 않았다. MIC와 MBC에 의한 항균 활성 평가실험에서는, 세 종류의 rhubarb 추출물 중에서 phenolic 화합물이 가장 많이 함유되어 있는 R. undulatum L.의 뿌리 추출물보다 R. rhabarbarum L.의 줄기 추출물이 MIC와 MBC 값이 낮았다. 이는 phenolic 화합물의 양 이외에 낮은 pH가 항균 활성에 영향을 준 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구를 통해서 rhubarb 추출물은 두부 부패에 관여하는 미생물에 대해서 항균 활성을 가지는 것으로 나타났으며, 천연 항균제로써 식품에 적용 가능성이 있는 것으로 평가되었다. 87.1%이었으며, 아침을 매일 먹는 채식남학생은 78.8%, 비채식남학생은 33.3%, 채식여학생 47.1%, 비채식여학생 39.6%이었다. 또한 식사의 양은 과식한다는 응답이 채식남학생 24.2%, 비채식남학생 38.1%, 채식여학생은 29.4%, 비채식여학생 40.6%으로 비책식군의 과식율이 높았다. 5. 식품 섭취빈도는 두부 및 콩제품을 매일 섭취하는 경우는 채식남학생 54.6%, 비채식남학생 16.7%, 채식여학생은 38.2%, 비채식여학생이 16.8%이었다. 우유 및 유제품을 매일 섭취하는 경우는 채식남학생 6.1%, 비채식남학생 33.3%, 채식여학생 14.7%, 비채식여학생은 21.8%이었으며, 녹차, 커피 등 차를 마시지 않는다는 비율은 채식남학생 69.7%, 비채식남학생 28.6%, 채식여학생 29.4%, 비채식여학생 25.7%이었다. 인스턴트 식품을 매일 섭취한다는 응답율이 채식남학생 9.1%, 비채식남학생 21.4%, 채식여학생은 17.7%, 비채식여학생은 14.9%이었다. 6. 운동, 체중 조절 등에 대한 조사 결과 항상 운동을 하는 경우는 채식남학생 30.3%, 비채식남학생 28.6%, 채식여학생 14.7%, 비채식여학생 18.8%이었으며 운동시간은 $1{\sim}2$시간 하는 경우는 채식남학생 30.3%, 비채식남학생 38.1%, 채식여학생은 8.8%, 비채식여학생은 17.8%이었다. 체중에 만족하는 정도를 보면 채식남학생 57.6%, 비채식남학생 23.8%, 채식여학생은 23.5%, 비채식여학생은 15.8%가 만족한다고 하였다. 체중 조절 경험에서 경험이 있는 경우가 채식남학생 3.0%, 비채식남학생 31.0%, 채식여학생은 23.5%, 비채식여학생 31.7%이었다. 7. 골밀도 BQI값과와 몇가지 요인의 상관관계를 살펴보았을때, 채식남학생은 영양보충제의 섭취와 유의적인 양의 상관관계를, 해조류의 섭취정도와 유의적인 음의 상관관계를 나타내었다.

Bactericidal activities of LB20304, a new fluoroquinolone

  • Paek, Kyoung-Sook;Kim, Mu-Yong;Kim, In-Chull;Kwak, Jin-Hwan
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • v.19 no.4
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    • pp.317-320
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    • 1996
  • The time-kill curves of LB20304, a novel fluoroquinolone that has potent antibacterial activity against gram-positve and gram-negative bacteria, were calculated at the concentrations of 1/4-, 1/2-, 1-, 2- and 4-times the MIC against Staphylococcus aureus 77, Escherichia coli 3739E, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1912E. The bactericidal activity of LB20304 for these strains was very rapid and comparable to that of ciprofloxacin. LB20304 produced a decrease in the $log_10$ CFU per milliliter of${\geq}$3 within 2 h at 4-times the MIC for all strains and consitently prevented regrowth of bacteria after 24 h of incubation. The MBCs (Minimal Bactericidal Concentration) of LB20304 against test organisms were equal to or at most four-times higher than the MICs.

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Early Hydrationl of Modified Belite Cement Prepared by Adding Borax

  • Chae, Woo-Hyeong;Park, Dong-Cheol;Sang Heul choi
    • The Korean Journal of Ceramics
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    • v.2 no.3
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    • pp.147-151
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    • 1996
  • By adding borax into the raw mix, Modified Belite Cement clinker and cements were prepared. Clinkerization and hydration reactions were investigated in order to better understand. Borax-bearing MBC clinker sintered at 1300℃ for 1 hour showed excellent burnability. Borax stabilized α'and β-C2S at room temperature. In the hydration of the cement prepared with the borax-bearing clinker, ettringite, monosulphate, C-S-H hydrates and CH were formed. The hydration of calcium sulphoaluminate was less reactive than the cement prepared with the controlled clinker at early hydration time. But, as hydration time elapsed, this cement showed more active hydraulicity and higher compressive strength development.

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In vitro antimicrobial activity of Korean propolis against fish pathogenic bacteria (Propolis의 어류 병원성 세균에 대한 in vitro 항균 효과)

  • Heo, Gang-Joon;Won, Tae-Gyeong;Shin, Gee-Wook
    • Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.65-70
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    • 2015
  • The present study was to investigate in vitro antimicrobial effects of propolis against six different fish bacterial pathogens, Aeromonas hydrophila, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, A. salmonicida subsp. masoucida, A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) tests. In the results, propolis exhibited antimicrobial activity against all bacteria used in the present study, but there was no marked difference in bacterial species except Vibrio species. Collectively, propolis was thought to be an usefulness antimicrobial substance for controlling bacterial diseases in the fish industry.

Digital Video Lighting for UHDTV (UHDTV를 위한 디지털 영상 조명)

  • Kim, Yong-Gyu
    • Broadcasting and Media Magazine
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.30-38
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    • 2017
  • 2017년 5월 31일, 우리나라는 세계 최초 지상파 UHD(4K) 본 방송을 실시해 이제는 본격적인 디지털 UHD 방송 시대를 맞이하고 있다. UHDTV는 기존의 HD 영상에 비해 4배 이상 선명한 화질을 만들고 빛과 색을 처리하는데 민감하게 반응함으로 고품질의 영상을 구현하는데 조명의 역할은 상당히 크다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 UHD(Ultra High Definition) 영상의 가장 큰 장점인 고해상도의 화면구성을 위해 다양한 조명기구의 활용과 함께 부분적으로도 강조할 수 있는 섬세한 조명이 요구된다. 작품 전체에 있어 라이팅 밸런스와 통일성이 잘 조화를 이루도록 조정을 잘 해야만 UHD 영상이 가진 장점들을 잘 나타 낼 수 있다. UHD 영상의 넓어진 계조표현과 색대역의 특징을 보다 효과적으로 표현하기 위해서는 영화 조명과 같이 어두운 조명(Low Key Tone), 즉 화면의 일부분을 어둡게 하는 조명으로서 어두운 부분은 많고 밝은 부분이 적은 명암대비가 뚜렷한 조명연출을 예상한다.

ATSC 3.0 기반 지상파 UHD 본방송을 위한 물리계층 필드테스트 결과

  • Jeon, Seong-Ho;Lee, Jae-Gwon;Sin, Yu-Sang;Choe, U-Sik;Lee, Heon-Ju;Jang, Jin-Yeong;O, Ju-Bong;Lee, Jae-Ho;Gang, Dae-Gap
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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    • 2017.06a
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    • pp.139-142
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    • 2017
  • 지상파 방송 3사(KBS, MBC, SBS)는 2017년 5월 31일부터 지상파 UHD(Ultra High Definition Television) 본방송을 개시하였다. ATSC(Advanced Television Systems Committee) 3.0 표준방식으로 이루어진 세계 최초 지상파 UHD 본방송으로써, 국내뿐만 아니라 미국, 일본, 유럽의 DTV선진국에서도 많은 관심을 보이고 있다. 본 논문에서는 시험방송 기간에 방송사와 가전사가 공동으로 실시한 ATSC 3.0 기반 지상파 UHD 본방송을 위한 물리계층 필드테스트 결과에 대해 살펴보고자 한다.

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Cell Cycle Regulation in the Budding Yeast

  • Nguyen, Cuong;Yoon, Chang-No;Han, Seung-Kee
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society for Bioinformatics Conference
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    • 2005.09a
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    • pp.278-283
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    • 2005
  • Cell cycle is regulated cooperatively by several genes. The dynamic regulatory mechanism of protein interaction network of cell cycle will be presented taking the budding yeast as a sample system. Based on the mathematical model developed by Chen et at. (MBC, 11,369), at first, the dynamic role of the feedback loops is investigated. Secondly, using a bifurcation diagram, dynamic analysis of the cell cycle regulation is illustrated. The bifurcation diagram is a kind of ‘dynamic road map’ with stable and unstable solutions. On the map, a stable solution denotes a ‘road’ attracting the state and an unstable solution ‘a repelling road’ The ‘START’ transition, the initiation of the cell cycle, occurs at the point where the dynamic road changes from a fixed point to an oscillatory solution. The 'FINISH' transition, the completion of a cell cycle, is returning back to the initial state. The bifurcation analysis for the mutants could be used uncovering the role of proteins in the cell cycle regulation network.

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In vitro Activity of Sodium Benzoate Against Clinically Relevant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium Isolates

  • Karabay Oguz;Kocoglu Esra;Ince Nevin;Sahan Tufan;Ozdemir Davut
    • Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.44 no.1
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    • pp.129-131
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    • 2006
  • The antimicrobial effects of sodium benzoate against Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium were investigated. The $MIC_{90}$ of sodium benzoate were 64 mg/ for E. faecalis and 32 mg/L for E. faecium, while the $MBC_{90}$ were 128 mg/L and 64mg/L, respectively. Although further studies are required for clinical evidence, sodium benzoate seems to be effective against Enterococcus spp.