• The Mathematical Education
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.389-406
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to understand the learning mathematics in elementary mathematics classroom by considering mathematics as a kind of social practices and mathematics classroom as a kind of community of practice. The research questions of this study are as followings: 1) Do the identities which teacher has on mathematics and teaching mathematics, influence the social practices formed in mathematics classroom, and the identities which students has on mathematics and learning mathematics? 2) Do the social practices formed in mathematics classroom, and the identities which students has on mathematics and learning mathematics, influence the identities which teacher has on mathematics and teaching mathematics? This study was based on ethnomethodology. It was executed participation observations, interviews and surveys with teacher and 5 graders to collect the data for the social practices formed their classroom and their identities, and was analyzed the interaction between the social practices of mathematics classroom and teacher and students' identities. We found the scenes that teacher's identities influenced the social practices of mathematics classroom and students' identities, and also the scenes that the social practices of mathematics classroom and students' identities influenced teacher's identities. So, we could know that there existed the interaction between the social practices of mathematics classroom and teacher and students' identities.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.167-177
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• 2008

The students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning come from the social activities in mathematics classrooms; and the mathematics classroom culture to a large extent decides the social activities in mathematics classrooms. So, the students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning are decided indirectly by the mathematics classroom culture mainly. The students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning react to the social activities in mathematics classrooms, and the social activities in mathematics classrooms react to the mathematics classroom culture. Therefore, the students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning react indirectly to the mathematics classroom culture. So, the relationships between the students' beliefs about mathematics teaching-learning and the mathematics classroom culture are dialectic, and the social activities in mathematics classrooms are the medium. In addition, the relationships have some inspirations to the current mathematics curriculum reform in the mainland China.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.44 no.4 s.111
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• pp.603-625
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• 2005

Identity is the concept which approaches individuals' affective problems with the social and cultural view. The previous studies on the problems, studied the attitudes, beliefs, or emotions while they restricted the problems to teachers or students' private problems. Otherwise, identities focus on individuals which participate to any community and share its social practices(Mclead, 1994). This study purposed to get an understanding on the teaching and learning mathematics in elementary mathematics classroom with an ethnographic view, while we consider mathematics as a kind of social practices, and mathematics classrooms as communities of practice. We analysed teacher's identities on mathematics and teaching mathematics depending on her responses of the questions as following: How does she think about mathematics, what are the instructional goals in her mathematics classroom, how do students learn mathematics in her mathematics classroom. In addition, we analysed students' identities on mathematics and learning mathematics depending on their responses of the questions as following: What do students think of mathematics, do they like mathematics, why do they study mathematics, how do they feel their mathematics classroom(describe your classroom) and themselves in it(describe yourselves in your classroom), what are their duties and what do they do actually in their mathematics classroom.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.103-118
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• 2013

The purposes of this article are to discuss how mathematics classroom in the departmentalized classroom system can be established for effective education, and describe current efforts within departmentalized mathematics classrooms toward achieving this goal. A departmentalized mathematics classroom would be most effective in improving education if implemented after comprehensive preplan for the specificity of the subject and characteristics of students depending on their grades and levels in their unique school environment. Continued investigation for effective communication of teaching and learning methods in a mathematics classroom will be a key component to set a departmentalized mathematics classroom up and to improve the quality of education.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.163-172
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• 2001

Recently, higher discussions are made up on the culture of mathematics classrooms. These discussions are mostly about desirable culture and reform of culture in mathematics education. This paper is to offer a view point of seeing the culture of mathematics classroom. We need to look straightly our classroom as well as to reform the culture of mathematice classroom. This paper recommend sociomathematical norms to analyze and reform classroom culture. A elementary mathematics classroom was analyzed to understand our own culture of mathematics classroom.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.151-161
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• 2007

There were a lot of attempt to reform mathematics education. These may include reforms of teaching and learning methods, development of mathematics curriculum and textbooks, materials and resources for teaching. But the most important thing is reform of teaching and learning method. The teaching and learning in mathematics is related with culture of mathematics classroom. Thus the culture of mathematics classroom plays a critical role in the learning of mathematics. Although there is consensus what desirable culture of mathematics classroom is, the role of teachers is important to make desirable culture of mathematics classroom. So, this paper suggested the role of teachers in reforming the culture of mathematics classroom. Avoiding from routine and technical teaching, the teachers should play active role in constructing mathematical understanding of students.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.169-182
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• 2009

This study deals with the postmodern perspectives in mathematics classroom. Today, mathematics and mathematics education can be explored through postmodernism because they have very different practices, pluralism, and anti-authoritarianism. Thus practices and researches of mathematics classroom are coherent to postmodern perspectives such as situated theory, anthropological approach, and interactionism. In these socio-cultural views, learners' milieu and participation, language of classroom activities, and culture of mathematics classroom are considered very important. Therefore, it is required that both mathematics educators and researchers make a change toward postmodernism in attitude and subject of mathematics classroom research.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2011

This paper provides an outline of mathematics education based on the classroom ecology. Ecology is the subject that concentrates on the relations of human and environment. As mathematics education consists of many factors, it is natural that mathematics education should be interest in the perspective of ecology. This paper examines the meaning of ecology and classroom ecology of mathematics education in the perspective of ecology. And it provides the directions of ecological mathematics education. In special, I set the frame of mathematics classroom in the perspective of ecology. The ecological structure divides microsystem(teacher, student, content), mesosysten(relations of microsystems), exosystem(school), and macrosystem(the objects of mathematics education). Lastly, I suggest the ways of mathematical learning and research of classroom ecology in mathematics education. For we should focus the improvement of students' mathematical ability, we must search for the various teaching and learning methods and the ares of research in the perspective of ecology classroom. Therefore, we should be interested in the classroom environments as well as teaching methods, contents based on the ecology classroom in mathematics education.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-115
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• 2022

This study examined difficulties middle school students have in learning mathematics and proposed a flipped classroom consisting of Khan Academy activities, small-group problem solving, and mathematical modeling to help improve their learning. A mixed-method approach was used to identify difficulties students have in learning mathematics, explore how the flipped classroom helped them reduce the learning difficulties identified, and examine if there were differences in students' mathematics achievement and their affective characteristics after participating in the flipped classroom. Qualitative analyses showed that students had difficulties in understanding mathematical concepts and finding effective ways to learn as well as negative views towards learning mathematics. This study also found that each activity of the flipped classroom had a different impact on student learning. Before class, the Khan Academy activities were most likely to help students understand mathematical concepts. In class, small-group problem solving activities were most helpful for students who had trouble finding effective learning methods and environments. Mathematical modeling activities were most likely effective in changing students' negative views towards mathematics. A quantitative analysis showed that the flipped classroom not only significantly improved the students' mathematics achievement, but also positively affected their confidence and motivation and how much they valued learning mathematics.

• Research in Mathematical Education
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• v.9 no.2 s.22
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• pp.115-124
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• 2005

Traditional mathematics education research is based on mathematics and psychology, but its function is limited. In the end of the 1980's, the social research of mathematics education appeared. The research views are from sociology, anthropology, and cultural psychology, and then it is an exterior research. The social research considers the relations, power, situation, context, etc. This paper analyzes the power relationship in mathematics classroom. Firstly, the power is defined. The meaning of the power is the foundation of this paper. Secondly, the power relationships in mathematics classroom are analyzed. The traditional mathematics classroom and collaborative learning classroom are considered. Thirdly, the paper analyzes the power resources and finds the some important factors that affect the power distribution.