• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2009

Effective parenting attitudes have been known to be associated with children's health practices including dietary intake and physical activity. The objective of this study is to compare children's body weights and eating habits by maternal parenting attitudes. Data were collected at school (N = 396; 4th and 5th grade students) using self-administered questionnaires on maternal parenting attitudes, eating habits and physical activity. Parenting attitudes were categorized as 1 of 4 parenting attitudes (overprotective, authoritarian, democratic, and neglectful) using affection and control median cut points. Children's body weights, frequency of breakfast, eating out and fastfood, and physical activity were compared by maternal parenting attitudes. Children's body weights were related with mother's employment status (p < 0.05) and parenting attitudes (p < 0.01). Children of unemployed mothers were more likely to be overweight. Children of neglectful mothers (p < 0.01) were more likely to be underweight, compared with children of mothers with other parenting attitudes. Since, unfortunately, the number of children of neglectful mothers was very limited in this study, we could hardly assess eating habits of children of neglectful mothers. Children of authoritarian mothers ate breakfast more regularly (p < 0.05), but ate snacks less regularly (p < 0.01). Children of democratic mothers ate fastfood less frequently (p < 0.01) and ate snacks more regularly (p < 0.01). Meanwhile, children of overprotective mothers ate breakfast less regularly (p < 0.05) and ate out less frequently (p < 0.01). However, maternal parenting attitudes were not related to children's physical activities. In conclusion, the maternal democratic parenting attitude was associated with healthy eating habits including regular snack time and less fastfood. On the other hand, the maternal neglectful parenting attitude was associated with high risk of children's underweight. Understanding the mechanism through which parenting attitude is related with underweight risk and healthy eating habits may lead to the development of better interventions.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.195-202
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate parenting attitudes and to identify factors influencing this parenting attitude in mothers of children with hemophilia. Method: The participants in this study were 119 mothers of children with hemophilia (under 18 years of age) who were registered members of the Korea Hemophilia Foundation. Data were collected using the Mother-Infant Attachment Scale, Maternal Guilt Scale and Parenting Attitude Scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS program. Results: The parenting attitude was 3.02 (total possible score=4). By subcategories, achievement attitude was the highest (3.45). Of the factors influencing parenting attitudes, mother-child attachment, maternal guilt and self-esteem account for 45.6% of the variance. Conclusion: The findings of this study show that attitudes of parents of children with hemophilia were positive. As mother-child attachment and maternal guilt were identified as major factors in predicting parenting attitudes, there is a need to consider interventions that will increase mother-child attachment and decrease maternal guilt.

• Human Ecology Research
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.315-328
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• 2019

This study examined the mediating effect of self-esteem in the relationship between maternal rejective parenting attitude and children's leadership as well as identified gender differences in the mediating pathways. The mediating effects of this study were examined after controlling the effect of maternal employment status on rejection parenting attitude and the effect of siblings on the children's leadership. Participants consisted of 330 five- and six-year-old children (151 boys and 179 girls) and their mothers. Data analyses included t-tests, F tests, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ post-hoc tests and Pearson's correlation. Structure equation modeling examined the mediating effect of self-esteem. Bootstrapping method was applied to examine the significance of the mediating effects. Gender differences in the mediating effect were examined through multiple group path analyses. The results of this study were as follows. First, self-esteem mediated the relationship between the maternal rejective parenting attitude on children's leadership. Second, there was a significant gender difference in the mediating pathways with a full mediating effect of self-esteem for boys; however, there was only a partial mediating effect for the girls. This study has implication for investigating gender difference in the mediating mechanism of explaining variance in the leadership of preschoolers. The limitations and more implications of this study are also discussed.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.38-43
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between mother's temperament and child's and parenting attitude. Methods: One hundred twenty healthy mothers (above 20 ys) who has a child (7-11 ys) participated after informed consent. The temperament of the children was analyzed by the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory 7-11 (JTCI 7-11) by their mothers. The temperament of the mothers was analyzed by the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised Short (TCI-RS) and the parenting attitude of the mothers was analyzed by the Parenting Attitude Test (PAT). The relations between mother and child temperament and parenting attitude were assessed using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: There were some significant correlations between maternal temperaments and child's temperaments and maternal parenting attitude. Maternal temperament and parenting attitude: Novelty seeking (NS) of mother had low positive correlations with punishment, high expectation and inconsistency. Harm avoidance (HA) had low positive correlations with high involvement and high expectation, and had weak negative correlations with supportive expression and rational explanation. Reward dependence (RD) had low positive correlation with rational explanation. Persistence (P) had low positive correlations with supportive expression, rational explanation and superintendence, and weak negative correlation with high expectation. Child's temperament and parenting attitude: NS of child had low positive correlations with achievement press, high involvement, punishment, high expectation and inconsistency. Low positive correlations were found in many sets such as HA and high expectation, RD and supportive expression and rational explanation, P and supportive expression and rational explanation. Conclusions: These results suggest that there are significant relations between mother and child temperament and parenting attitude the temperament of mother and child.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.67-76
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• 2010

This study investigates working parent stress. This study surveyed 240 working mothers who are raising toddlers and 106 teachers in Seoul, Cyeong-gi, and Incheon. For this study, the Parenting Stress scale developed by Kim & Kang (1997) was used as the instruments for measurement and parental stress. To measure maternal separation anxiety, this study used the Maternal Separation Anxiety Scale (MSAS) developed by Hock (1989), while the Attitude for Occupation scale developed by Farel (1980) was used to measure the attitude for occupation. In addition, the Preschool Adjustment Questionnaire (PAQ) developed by Jewsuwan, Luster and Kostelink (1992), and modified by Oh Chong Eun (2001) were used as the instruments for measurement and adjustment. Data analysis was done using the SPSS WIN 15.0 version and the collected data were subject to a descriptive statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA t-test, and multiple regression analysis. The influential independent variables affecting parenting stress listed in order of significance were maternal attitude for occupation, adjustment of children, maternal anxiety, and income.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.31-44
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the difference of maternal parenting stress through early childhood between urban(Seoul and Incheon) and rural area(Iksan and Kimpo). The subjects were 286 unemployed mothers who have less than 5-year-old children. The statistics used for this data were frequency, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression. The finding from the present study certainly suggested that mother's level of self-differentiation, marital satisfaction, father's parenting support turned out to a significant variables on maternal parenting stress. Results of the regression analysis that the etiologic model of this study was more proper to urban than rural area, and father's parenting support is the most effective variable in predicting maternal parenting stress in both area. Implications based on this study are as follows ; parenting education programs to encourage for father's parenting support with be developed, and various empirical studies about maternal parenting stress in with area will be needed.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.13-22
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• 2006

This purpose of this study was to examine the effects of maternal attitude toward parenting and children's basic living habit on children's social maturity. Subjects were 252 mothers of 5-6 year-old children in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. The data obtained were analyzed by Cronbach's alpha, Pearson's correlation, t-test, and multiple regression. The major result of this study was that exercise and conversation ability of children had close relationships with several elements: birth order of children, educational background of mother, and affectionate and autonomous child-rearing attitude. Especially, mother's educational level and mother's warmth and self-regulatory child-rearing attitude were the most strongly related variables for children's social maturity.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.139-167
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• 2021

After experiencing school closures and online learning caused by COVID-19, the important role of school education was reinforced. Elementary school is the foundation of life and allows students to develop both social and academic skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediational role of Self-Regulatory Skills (SRS) on the relationship between Maternal Parenting Attitude (MPA) and School Adjustment (SA) of elementary school students. A total of 99 students enrolled in an international school in Seoul, Korea from grades 3 to 6 participated in this study. Data were analyzed through Independent Sample T-Test, one way ANOVA, Multiple Regression Analysis, and Hierarchical Regression Analysis using the SPSS 23.0. The findings of the study were as follows. First, there is a difference between genders and among grades. Second, only acceptance was significantly related to school adjustment. Third, acceptance, strict control, and accepted control are significantly related to SRS. Fourth, Self-Regulatory Skills (Sustained Attention) fully mediate the relationship between Maternal Parenting Attitude (Acceptance) and School Adjustment (Academic Attitude/ Rule compliance). Educational implications for understanding the role of parenting attitude and future directions are discussed.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.12
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• pp.227-237
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• 2018

This study focuses on the mediated effect of value of children with a purpose of examining the influence of maternal family-of-origin. A group of 247 mothers having young children in the age of 3 to 5 years participated in a survey which is consisted of the scale of family-of-origin experiences, parenting attitude and value of children. The study results show four aspects: First, family-of-origin experiences have positive effect on value of children. Second, maternal value of children also appears to be positive on parenting attitude. Third, family-of-origin experiences have positive effect on parenting attitude. Lastly, value of children shows mediated effect between family-of-origin experience and parenting attitude. In other words, having high level of positive awareness in family-of-origin experiences brings positive value of children, and the value of children brings positive effect on parenting attitude. Therefore, multilateral measures and methodical supports are needed to develop positive value of children, and consideration on father is required as a joint partner of rearing children.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the maternal parenting stress and related variables through early childhood in rural areas (Iksan and Kimpo). The subject were 134 mothers who have less than 5-year old children. The statistics used for this data were freguency, percentile, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis. The main results obtained from this study were as follows. The degree of maternal parenting stress differed according to level of mother's education, sex of the child, physical and mental health of the mother, child rearing attitudes, mother's level of self-differentiation, marital satisfaction, and father's parenting support. Results of the regression analysis that the etiologic model of this study were that father's parenting support is the most effective variables in rural areas.