• Korean Journal of Mineralogy and Petrology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.423-430
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• 2022

Pressure-dependent elastic behavior and chemical reaction of natural sepiolite (Mg₈Si₁₂O₃₀(OH)₄·12H₂O) was studied under two different pressure-transmitting medium (PTM) conditions using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. Under non pore-penetrating silicone oil PTM, we observed that the b-axis length increases up to ca. 3.6 GPa, marking an anisotropic compression region with negative linear compressibility of β^b= -0.0012 GPa^-1, which then decreases at 7.7 GPa. Under pore-penetrating water PTM, the anisotropic compression behavior is enhanced with doubled negative linear compressibility of β^b= -0.0025 GPa^-1 up to 3.2 GPa, where transformation into stevensite is observed upon ex-situ temperature treatment at 280 ℃ as confirmed via XRD and SEM. Derived bulk moduli (K₀) and linear compressibilities (β) were compared to other structurally and chemically related minerals.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.50-53
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• 2022

Recently, there have been cases in which counterfeit foreign ships have entered and left domestic ports several times. Vessels have a ship-specific serial number given by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) to identify the vessel, and IMO marking is mandatory on all ships built since 2004. In the case of airports and ports, which are representative logistics platforms, a security system is essential, but it is difficult to establish a security system at a port and there are many blind spots, which can cause security problems due to insufficient security systems. In this paper, a port security system is designed using deep learning object recognition and OpenCV. The security system process extracts the IMO number of the ship after recognizing the object when entering the ship, determines whether it is the same ship through feature point matching for ships with entry records, and stores the ship image and IMO number in the entry/exit DB for the first arrival vessel. Through the system of this paper, port security can be strengthened by improving the efficiency and system of port logistics by increasing the efficiency of port management personnel and reducing incidental costs caused by unauthorized entry.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.321-337
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• 1997

Rapid change in the technological environment of marine transportation and the development of the ocean shipping industry have fostered a revolution in the port system. This in turn has caused major changes in the function and use of port in Korea. Aside from this. Mokpo Port, however continues to decline, because the existing port facilities and related subsystem are already obsolete with no chance of regaining operational effectiveness and treatment for proper implementation. Although a few studies have been done on the Mokpo Port, has not been found, any reseach for the analytical approach to the transportation system of it. This paper aims to make an extensive analysis of the physical distribution system in Mokpo Port focusing on the coordination of subsystems such as navigational aids system, quay handling and transfer system, storage system and inland transport system. The base of introduced simulation tool here is the queueing theory. The overall findings are as follows; 1. Among those vessels called at Mokpo Port in 1994, the average size of oceangoing vessels is 4,922.1 G/T, and the domestic is 317.8 G/T. The average arrival interval and service time of the domestic vessels are 6.0 hours and 24.1 hours respectively marking the berth occupation rate over 100%. Those for oceangoing vessels are 34.5 hours, 120.0 hours and 37.2%. In order to maintainin the berth occupation rate to 70% the capacity considering the 1994 of domestic piers must be extended to 145% and oceangoing vessels must be increased to 165% year called. 2. The capacity of approaching channel is enough to handle the total traffic volume. 3. Tugs are sufficiently being provided to handle all ships requiring their services 4. The capacity of storage and inland transportation systems are sufficient to handle the throughput and the yard stroage utilization rate of No.1 $\cdots$ No.5 is 4.5% and No.6 1S 30% of 1993's. 5. The utilization rate of LLc(Level Looping Crane) and PNT(PNeumaTic) are 2.7% and 18.8%, respectively. Practical solution and proposal for improvement of Transportation System in Mokpo Port are as follows; 1. To avoid the congestion in domestic pier introduction of a new port operation system is necessary allowing the domestic vessel to use the oceangoing pier. 2. To establish the port management information system to improve the efficiency of port operation. 3. To build a new storage system for high valued cargos including modernization of the present storage and handling system. 4. To insure the safety of navigation in approaching channel, The Vessel Traffic System including separation scheme is introduced. 5. To interest enormously on public relation to ship owner's association, shippers and consignees by showing that they can save cost and ship turnaround time in order to promote the call to Mokpo Port. At last, to be strategically change the function of Mokpo Port to the Leisure, Fishing & Ferry as well as Maritime port.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.29
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• pp.47-64
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• 2023

Daehye Bogakseonsaseo (Letters of Master Bogak) in the possession of the National Museum of Korea is a Goryeo-era book produced in 1387, which was acquired in 2005 in a state of severe general damage. Subsequently, its production techniques and materials were examined using bibliographical characteristics and scientific analysis, based on which an overall conservation treatment was carried out. Janghwang(mounting) in bibliographical characteristics is a five-hole-stitch binding (五針眼線裝本), a single-lined rectangular box (四周單邊), and no column lines. The conservation treatment was examined in two aspects: the basic form and the conservation treatment process. The book is composed of the outer cover, original cover, end paper, and inner paper of 0.04-0.07mm thick, which is significantly thinner than general book paper. The conservation treatment was applied after the entire book was disassembled, based on the assessment that both the cover and the inner sheets of paper were in a dire condition due to deterioration. The conservation treatment comprised of the process of disassembly, cleaning, reinforcement of defective parts, scanning, and binding, with a paulownia box made for its storage. At the time of disassembly, samples were made for the inner sheets and the book string in order to conduct fiber identification. The fibers were identified using Safranin and C-stains. Safranin staining identified a thick fiber wall, in addition to cross-marking, dislocation, and transparent membranes. C-stain staining identified the fiber as mulberry, given the dark red residue. The book strap has a flat, circular cross-section, and was identified as cotton fiber, since a lumen was observed in the center.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.163-177
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• 2023

Complex and intricate preparation techniques, the imperative for utmost precision and sensitivity in instrumentation, premature sample failure, and fragile specimens collectively contribute to the arduous task of measuring the fracture toughness of concrete in the laboratory. The objective of this research is to introduce and refine an equation based on the gene expression programming (GEP) method to calculate the fracture toughness of reinforced concrete, thereby minimizing the need for costly and time-consuming laboratory experiments. To accomplish this, various types of reinforced concrete, each incorporating distinct ratios of fibers and additives, were subjected to diverse loading angles relative to the initial crack (α) in order to ascertain the effective fracture toughness (Keff) of 660 samples utilizing the central straight notched Brazilian disc (CSNBD) test. Within the datasets, six pivotal input factors influencing the Keff of concrete, namely sample type (ST), diameter (D), thickness (t), length (L), force (F), and α, were taken into account. The ST and α parameters represent crucial inputs in the model presented in this study, marking the first instance that their influence has been examined via the CSNBD test. Of the 660 datasets, 460 were utilized for training purposes, while 100 each were allotted for testing and validation of the model. The GEP model was fine-tuned based on the training datasets, and its efficacy was evaluated using the separate test and validation datasets. In subsequent stages, the GEP model was optimized, yielding the most robust models. Ultimately, an equation was derived by averaging the most exemplary models, providing a means to predict the Keff parameter. This averaged equation exhibited exceptional proficiency in predicting the Keff of concrete. The significance of this work lies in the possibility of obtaining the Keff parameter without investing copious amounts of time and resources into the CSNBD test, simply by inputting the relevant parameters into the equation derived for diverse samples of reinforced concrete subject to varied loading angles.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.795-799
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• 2023

The Canadian military participated in World War I and felt the limitations of the recruitment system through the continuous shortage of troops caused by the prolonged war, therefore expanded the role and scope of female manpower. The use of female manpower, which began with medical support for the first time, increased its necessity and importance as medical support personnel were dispatched overseas and women's manpower was expanded to combat support missions for the Army, Navy, and Air Force. Since then, the proportion of female manpower has been limited to 1.5% of the total number of employees at the end of the Second World War and the reduction of troops and the dismantling of the women's unit. In this situation, the Austrian Defence Force gradually accepts the recommendation of the Royal Canadian Women's Status Committee to improve the service conditions of women, marking a turning point in expanding the role of women in the Canadian military. The the Austrian Defence Force conducted long-term combat experiments to increase the proportion and role of female manpower, increasing reliability through observation and analysis to prove whether female manpower is suitable for combat troops. Korea also wants to draw implications for the future direction by comparing the history and current appearance of the Canadian military's use of female manpower with the Korean military at a time when the problem of a shortage of troops is emerging due to the recent decline in fertility and low birth rates.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.11-24
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• 1988

The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of cadmium, nickel and chromium in the air of the work-place, blood of and urine of workers and compare the level of those heavy metals by the duration of work, work-place, process of work, smoking and other factors. In this study, 48 male dental laboratory technicans and 72 office workers as the control group were subjected. The concentration of cadmium, nickel and chromium in their blood sand urine, and that of heavy metals in the air of their work-rooms were examined and analyzed from June I 1987 to September 30, 1987. The results were as follows : 1. The concentration of cadmium in the air was the highest in the porcelain part, $0.0087{\pm}0.0016mg/m^3$, that of nickel was the highest in the crown bridge part, $0.4253{\pm}0.0052mg/m^3$, and that of chrnmium was highest in the partial denture part, $0.1063{\pm}0.0024mg/m^3$. 2. cadmium, nickel and chromium concentrations in the blood and urine of dental laboratory techincians were higher that in the office workers'. Especially the concentration of cadmium in the blood($1.92{\pm}1.23{\mu}g$/100ml) of th dental laboratory techician was about two times as high as that in the office workers'($0.90{\pm}0.73{\mu}g$/100ml), and the concentration of nickel in the urine($48.53{\pm}38.83{\mu}g$/e) of the dental laboratory thchnician was about two times as high as that in the office worker's($20.24{\pm}15.35{\mu}g$/e). 3. there was no difference in the concentration of cadmium, nickel and chromium in the blood and urine with a longer duration of work. 4. The concentration of cadmium and chromium in the blood and urine differed significantly depending upon the place of work. The concentration of cadmium was the highest in the blood of dental laboratory technicians working kin the poreclain part marking at $2.53{\pm}1.08{\mu}g$/100ml. The chromium level was the heighest in the blood of partial denture park workers with a concentration of $3.60{\pm}1.02{\mu}g$/100ml. Concerning the level of cadmium in urine, it was the highest in the porcelain part workers with a concentration of $3.41{\pm}3.15{\mu}g$/e. 5. The concentration of cadmium in the urine of metal trimming and polishing group($2.64{\pm}2.41{\mu}g$/e) was higher than that of non-metal trimming and polishing group($1.39{\pm}1.18{\mu}g$/e). 6. The concentration of chromium in the blood of smoking group($2.46{\pm}1.54{\mu}g$/100ml)was higher than that lf non-smoking group($1.54{\pm}1.25{\mu}g$/100ml). 7. The height positive correlation coefficient was shown between the concentration of nickel and chromium in the blood among the all correlations between 3metals(Cd, Ni, Cr) in the blood and those in urine. The correlation coefficient was relatively high(r=0.605,,p<0.01). In general, the higher the concentration of heavy metals in the air of work places the higher the concention lf them in the blood and urine of workers, mere attention should be paid to the working environment of dental laboratory workers, Furthermore, continuous biological monitoring and further research are required for an efficient health management for dental laboratory workers.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2009

In Korea chicken meat price is not determined in the auction markets, but it is artificially calculated using the live chicken price of one day before, transporting cost, converting rate of live chicken into carcass, and slaughtering cost. This calculated price is published through the mass media and used as the base for chicken meat transaction. By the way, since 85% of the Korean broiler industry is composed by the integrated system, the live chicken price is nothing to do with ex-factory price of chicken meat produced by the integrators. Under this pricing system, when we estimate the margin of the chicken meat through the marketing process, the margin of the integrator is fluctuated by the live chicken price of one day before, which is nothing to do with integrators; When the live chicken price is low, the margin of the integrators is low, but the margin of the selling agencies' is relatively high. On the contrast, when the live chicken price is high, the margin of the integrators is high, but the selling agencies' margin will be relatively low, because consumer's price could not be increased in parallel with increase of the live chicken price. Accordingly, the ex-factory price of chicken meat determined using the production cost of live chicken and slaughtering cost of the integrator by adding resonable margin of the integrator should be determined and published, so that it could be used for chicken meat transaction. In Japan the Zen-Noh Chicken Foods Corporation announce the ideal piece of chicken every morning, and all the transactions of the chicken meat will be determined based on this price. In Korea, it will be desirable to make bench marking from Japanese case, in other words the NH could announce the ideal price of chicken meat every morning, so that it would be the base price of chicken meat transaction. Even though the market share of the NH is less than 5%, its publicity should be accepted, since it is a subsidiary of the National Agricultural Cooperative Federation of Korea.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2006

$\underline{Purpose}$: Using cone beam CT, we can compare the position of the patients at the simulation and the treatment. In on-line image guided radiation therapy, one can utilize this compared data and correct the patient position before treatments. Using cone beam CT, we investigated the errors induced by setting up the patients when use only the markings on the patients' skin. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: We obtained the data of three patients that received radiation therapy at the Department of Radiation Oncology in Chung-Ang University during August 2006 and October 2006. Just as normal radiation therapy, patients were aligned on the treatment couch after the simulation and treatment planning. Patients were aligned with lasers according to the marking on the skin that were marked at the simulation time and then cone beam CTs were obtained. Cone beam CTs were fused and compared with simulation CTs and the displacement vectors were calculated. Treatment couches were adjusted according to the displacement vector before treatments. After the treatment, positions were verified with kV X-ray (OBI system). $\underline{Results}$: In the case of head and neck patients, the average sizes of the setup error vectors, given by the cone beam CT, were 0.19 cm for the patient A and 0.18 cm for the patient B. The standard deviations were 0.15 cm and 0.21 cm, each. On the other hand, in the case of the pelvis patient, the average and the standard deviation were 0.37 cm and 0.1 cm. $\underline{Conclusion}$: Through the on-line IGRT using cone beam CT, we could correct the setup errors that could occur in the conventional radiotherapy. The importance of the on-line IGRT should be emphasized in the case of 3D conformal therapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy, which have complex target shapes and steep dose gradients.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

Domestic dairy industry is now standing at the crossroad for planning next fifty years, mainly because economic and environmental situations surrounding Korean peninsula are fast changing. For the aspects of dairy consumption, fresh milk consumed less, while consumption of the other milk and dairy products is slightly increasing every year. In 2010, it is approximately estimated that 1,939,000 tons of raw milk was used and the supply would be short by about 35,000 tons, based on the amounts in the previous year. Currently, multilateral negotiations against US and EU are underway. When it will be in effect in the future, significant damage would be expected in the dairy and livestock sectors, leading to cut domestic milk supply. Quality of farm-gate milk is graded as 1A on average 90% or more, loaded with very low in microbial and somatic cell counts. Therefore, policy implications have to be placed toward switch currently the UHT processing method to Pasteurization or the LTLT technology, by which natural flavors and nutrients in milk mostly remain after heat treatment. Domestic cheese products comprise only 10% and the rest is occupied by the various kinds of imported natural products. The market size keeps increasing up to 65,423,000 tons last year. When it comes to vitalization of our natural cheese industry, cheese whey, which is a main by-product in cheese manufacture, is a critical issue to be solved and also "On-Farm Processing" would be combined with a growth of big dairy companies when few immediate issues among the relevant regulations will be eased and alleviated in the near future. Fermented milk market is recorded as a single area of gradual increase in the past 10 years, Korea. Fermented yogurts with health claims targeted stomach, liver, and intestine are popular and has grown fast in sales amounts. In this context, researches on beneficial probiotic lactic acid bacteria are one of the important projects for domestic milk and dairy industries. Labelling regulations on efficacy or health-promoting effects of functional dairy products, which is the most important issue facing domestic dairy processors, should be urgently examined toward commercial expression of the functionality by lawful means. Colostrum, a nutrition-rich yellowish fluid, is roaded with immune, growth and tissue repair factors. Bovine colostrum, a raw material for immune milk preparations and infant formula, can be used to treat or prevent infections of the gastrointestinal tract. Nanotechnology can be applied to develop new milk and dairy products such as micro-encapsulated lactase milk for consumers suffering lactose intolerance. Raw milk is suggested to be managed by its usage in the processing line because imbalance of supply and demand is structural problem in every country and thus the usage systems as in the advanced dairy countries is worth of bench-marking to stabilize milk supply and demand. Raw milk produced is desirable to divide into the three parts; domestic, import, and buffering purposes. It is strongly recommended that a domestic dairy control center as an institutional framework should be urgently established as is Dairy Board in New Zealand and Australia. Lastly, government policy should be directed to foster the highly-educated people who are majoring in Dairy Sciences or working in the dairy industry by means of financial support in studying and training abroad as well.