• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.228-236
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• 2016

Extraordinarily the establishment of towing tank has been initiated after the allocation of space at the basement floor of existing building through remodeling procedure. Therefore the asymmetric tank should be unavoidably determined by compromising with the allowable space and existing building structure. Consequently the shape of towing carriage ought to be selected as a cantilever type to match with the given environmental conditions. Finally the major role of the towing tank has been configured on the fundamental research work for the high speed marine vehicles. Due to the limited length of towing tank, it is appeared that the carriage should accelerated with 1.2m/sec² which is equivalent to twice of the maximum acceleration in ordinary practices on design application of carriage. In such a condition the exerted total power of motor could not be converted to traction force of the carriage without slip for the acceleration. To overcome these difficulties the contact pressure of a horizontal traction wheel to rail has been reinforced by the elastic recovery force of springs on supporting rollers. It is believed that the design experience of the high speed towing carriage under unusual circumferential condition and acceleration barrier could be utilized not only on the design of high speed towing carriage but also on the improvement of existing facilities.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.679-697
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• 2022

Having an awareness of the ongoing conception of Honam-Jeju, Korea-Japan, and Korea-China subsea tunnels for accommodating the railway, this paper investigates immersion tube tunnel technology, one of the underwater tunnel construction methods. This paper analyses the current status of immersed tube tunnels according to their location and function. This paper summarises the dredging methods and briefly introduces the muck disposal facility. Also introduced are the case studies where measures were taken to mitigate the impact of dredging on the surrounding marine environment. This paper also explains how the tunnel elements are connected underwater using an immersion joint. This paper classifies the foundation methods into bedding and ground improvement methods and provides summaries, including their environmental impact associated with drill cuttings and cementitious binders.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.717-725
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• 2018

IMO developed VIMSAS for effective application of IMO instruments related to maritime safety and environmental protection and was implemented from 2006 to 2016. Based on this, the purpose and procedures of VIMSAS applied to IMO member states by trial, and IMSAS was enforced from January 1st 2016. IMSAS was implemented to ensure that IMO Member States, such as flag states, coastal states and port states that ratified the IMO Convention, are properly performing their given responsibilities and to ensure the effective implementation of the IMO instruments through the improvement of identified non-conformities. In this study, the auditing contents and procedures were verified based on IMO documents in order to prepare for the IMSAS audit of Republic of Korea scheduled for 2020. For this purpose, this study proposed an update of a directory, development of monitoring system for information reporting required by IMO instruments, designation of relevant experts, preparation of an English version of related national laws, training of IMSAS auditors and establishment of an IMSAS audit response team for audit of IMSAS in 2020 by referring to the results of the VIMSAS for Republic of Korea, major findings of the VIMSAS of other IMO member states, and Consolidated Audit Summary Report (CASR), which was submitted at the 5th IMO III sub-committee.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.373-386
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• 2017

This study simulated water quality item and flow rate of subbasin for Saemangeum watershed using Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model and Environmental Fluid Dynamics Code (EFDC) model which simulate hydraulic and water quality in three-dimensions. The simulated values corresponded to observed value well. The result of simulation for floodgate operations at the M3 and M5 points, it exceeds water quality standard and at the M3 and D3 points, change of range for concentration is too wide, and upstream of Saemangeum reservoir is sensitive to inflow flow rate. Compared to the annual average concentration for observed station according to the discharge conditions, improvement of water quality for upstream was apparently compared to the downstream. Range of influence for change of water quality presented that maximum discharge condition, the influence range is 22 km in the direction of the Saemangeum downstream from the Mankyung bridge, and 15 km in the downstream direction of saemangeum in the Dongjin bridge. This study result demonstrated that floodgate operating at upstream has significant influence on water quality management of Saemangeum reservoir and it needs to be considered in plans of water quality management for Floodgate operation on Saemangeum reservoir.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.51-63
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• 2013

To assess the effect of environmental factors on the sustainability of cultured production shellfish, we investigated the habitat characteristics of tidal flat (Namhae-po in Taean). We measured the physiochemical parameters (temperature, salanity, pH, dissolved oxygen and nutrients) and the geochemical characteristics (chemical oxygen demand, ignition loss, C/N ratio and C/S ratio). Surface sediments were collected from several site of tidal flat to examine the geochemical characteristics of both the benthic environment and heavy metal pollution. The grain size for research area of tidal flat were similar at the ratio of silt and clay in comparison with the other site of it. The C/N ratio was more than 5.0, reflecting the range arising from the mix of marine organism and organic matter. The C/S ratio (about 2.8) showed that survey area had anoxic or sub-anoxic bottom conditions. The enrichment factor (Ef) and index of accumulation rate (Igeo) of the metals showed that those research areas can be classified as heavily polluted, heavily to moderately polluted, or more or less unpolluted, respectively. Adult surf clam (Mactra veneriformis) density was highest at St. 2 (middle part of the Namhae-po), on the other hand, surf clam spat density was highest at St. 3 (lower part of the Namhae-po). Heavy rain, terrigenous suspended clay with fresh water from neighboring agricultural land, and severe high air temperature during summer could be thought as detrimental causes of spat and adult mortality in Namhae-po tidal flat. We suggested that the growth of shellfish in the tidal flat was effected by the various environmental conditions, so an improvement in the cultured method was needed.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.248-255
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• 2015

Induction of regeneration and maturation of the free-living gametophytes of Saccharina japonica was studied at four temperatures (5, 10, 15 and $20^{\circ}C$), four levels of irradiance (5, 10, 20 and $40{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$) and three photoperiods (14 : 10, 12 : 12 and 10 : 14 h L : D). Female gametophyte fragments were maintained in active regeneration without reaching sexual maturity under conditions of $15^{\circ}C$, $20{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D), whereas the conditions for male gametophytes were slightly different at $15^{\circ}C$, $5{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 14 : 10 h (L : D). The sexual maturation of female and male gametophytes took place under $5^{\circ}C$, $20{\sim}40{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D) and $15^{\circ}C$, $40{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$, 10 : 14 h (L : D), respectively. These results provide basic information for controlling the regenerationand maturation of free-living gametophytes for strain improvement and cross breeding of S. japonica.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.23-40
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• 2019

The main purpose of this study is to analyze and examine the problems of the law systems of the safety and maintenance of nuclear facilities and to propose the improvements with respect to the related problems especialy focused on safety management of aquatic products. Therefore, the results of the paper would be helpful to build an effective management law system of safety and maintenance of nuclear facilities and fisheries products. The research methods are longitudinal and horizontal studies. This study compares domestic policies with foreign policies of nuclear plants and aquatic products. Using the above methods, examining the current system of nuclear-related laws and regulations, we have found that there exist 13 Acts including "Nuclear Safety Act", etc. Safety laws related on nuclear facilities have seven Acts including "Nuclear Safety Act", "the Act on Physical Protection and Radiological Emergency", "Radioactive waste control Act", "Act on Protective Action Guidelines against Radiation in the Natural Environment", "Special Act on Assistance to the locations of facilities for disposal low and intermediate level radioactive waste", "Korea Institute of Nuclear Safety Act". "Act on Establishment and Operation of the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission". The seven laws are composed of 119 legislations. They have 112 lower statute of eight Presidential Decrees, six Primeministrial Decrees and Ministrial Decrees, 92 administrative rules (orders), 6 legislations of local self-government aself-governing body. The concluded proposals of this paper are as follows. Firstly, we propose that the relationship between the special law and general law should be re-established. Secondly, the terms with respect to law system of safety and maintenance of nuclear plants should be redefined and specified. Thirdly, it is advisable to re-examine and re-establish the Law System for Safety and Maintenance of Nuclear Facilities. and environmental rights like the French Nuclear Safety Legislation. Lastly, inadequate legislation on the aquatic pollution damage should be re-established. It is necessary to ensure sufficient transparency as well as environmental considerations in the policy decisions of the Korean government and legislation of the National Assembly. It is necessary to further study the possibilities of accepting the implications of the French legal system as a legal system in Korea. In conclusion, the safety management of nuclear facilities is not only focused on the secondary industry and the tertiary industry centering on power generation and supply, but also on the primary industry, which is the food of the people. It is necessary to prevent damage to be foreseen. Therefore, it is judged that there should be no harm to the people caused by contaminated marine products even if the "Food Safety Law for Prevention of Radiation Pollution Damage" is enacted.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.118-134
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• 2017

The radiation observation data will be used importantly in research field such as climatology, weather, architecture, agro-livestock and marine science. The Ieodo Ocean Research Station (IORS) is regarded as an ideal observatory because its location can minimize the solar radiation reflection from the surrounding background and also the data produced here can serve as a reference data for radiation observation. This station has the potential to emerge as a significant observatory and join a global radiation observation group such as the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN), if the surrounding of observatory is improved and be equipped with the essential radiation measuring instruments (pyaranometer and pyrheliometer). IORS has observed the solar radiation using a pyranometer since November 2004 and the data from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2015 were analyzed in this study. During the period of this study, the daily mean solar radiation observed from IORS decreased to $-3.80W/m^2/year$ due to the variation of the sensor response in addition to the natural environment. Since the yellow sand and fine dust from China are of great interest to scientists around the world, it is necessary to establish a basis of global joint response through the radiation data obtained at the Ieodo as well as at Sinan Gageocho and Ongjin Socheongcho Ocean Research Station. So it is an urgent need to improve the observatory surrounding and the accuracy of the observed data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

Annual power consumption of our country is positioned in the upper percentile in the world, and because the proportion of fossil power generation is high, which ranks the 10th $CO_2$ emission country. In this regard, government has established and is implementing the National Energy Basic Plan to realize to get out of fossilization in energy supply while focusing on securing the technology for renewable energy as well as its commercialization in order to reduce greenhouse gas. Resource recovery technology for deep seawater thermal energy which is one of renewable energies is newly getting attention domestically as well as in overseas for securing resources and environmental improvement as a core technology for multilateral use of marine resources for low carbon and green growth. Economic feasibility analysis was conducted for the research and development as follows on the use of ocean thermal energy conversion and seawater air conditioning. First, in the case of power generation using deep seawater and warm discharge water from ocean thermal energy conversion plant of 1MW level, it is judged that the economic feasibility is insufficient but the feasibility will be significantly improved if we consider not only power generation but also drinking water and certified emission reduction by developing the power plant to the size for commercialization. Second, the economic feasibility for the use of deep seawater as air conditioning for the power plant of 1,000RT level turned out to be very good. Especially, when we consider certified emission reduction, it will be possible to secure sufficient economic feasibility. When we use it in connection with ocean thermal energy conversion, water conversion and agricultural and fishery use, it is judged that economic ripple effect will be significant and therefore it will be necessary to conduct research and development for early commercialization, distribution and diffusion of deep seawater energy.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.1-22
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• 2020

The global container terminal market is predicted to see continued future volume growth. According to Drewry, global container shipments rose by 6.3% year-on-year to 750 billion twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs) in 2017 and are forecast to experience continued growth to 9.3 billion TEUs in 2022. According to IHS Markit, the global terminal operator (GTO) market is forecast to grow more than 10% annually, up from $2.4 billion in 2017, to exceed $3 billion by 2022. However, Hyundai Merchant Marine is the only real GTO in Korea. In particular, the shipping and port markets are facing drastic changes, both at home and abroad, including a slowdown in the growth of domestic export and import shipments, environmental changes in the container market caused by the trade frictions between the US and China, and increased changes in container shipments caused by the trade frictions between Korea and Japan. In this study, we propose ways for domestic companies to participate in the continuously growing GTO market. After analyzing the current status of the global GTO market, the government expressed a desire to explore ways to establish GTOs through the Port Authority and the Korea Ocean Business Corporation. Therefore, four types of establishment plans were proposed, along with a legal framework for the establishment of GTOs.