• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2017.04a
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• pp.232-232
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• 2017

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-44
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• 2019

Marine activities are becoming more diverse and extensive due to recent social developments, exceeding the environmental capacity of the marine ecosystem. The resilience, resistance, and constancy of marine ecosystems are being damaged or degraded. This prevents the ecosystem from functioning properly, leading to a decline in ecosystem services and value. As a means of returning the damaged ecosystem to health, more and more people are interested in restoration. At a time when restoration projects are gradually expanding, various problems that may arise when implementing the Sea Area Utilization Consultation and Impact Assessment for restoration projects need to be checked, in addition to confirming the direction to be pursued. Therefore, in this study terms related to restoration from research papers and reports were summarized, and the status of the Sea Area Utilization Consultation related to restoration projects and the status of the restoration project were reviewed. In addition, problems with Sea Area Utilization Consultations were considered through a case study to ensure the successful execution of restoration projects. Based on this, we intend to present improvement measures for Sea Area Utilization Consultations and Impact Assessments for restoration projects. This will provide effective information for future policies and plans.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.102-115
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• 2015

Several emergy researches have been carried out to estimate the value of marine ecosystem services in Korea over the last decade. Their results cannot be compared mainly due to inconsistency in emergy-money ratios used to convert emergy unit into monetary unit. This study aimed at providing a standardized format for the emergy evaluation of the Korean economy and environment for different emergy evaluations to be compatible. Even though the area of the continental shelf increased in this study compared to those of previous studies, areaweighted average tidal range for the entire continental shelf of Korea resulted in smaller tidal range, decreasing the final emergy input from tide. However, emergy inputs from nonrenewable resources and purchased goods and services increased with new categorization and use of more detailed data, combined with updated unit emergy values. This led to higher emergy-money ratio for the Korean economy, indicating that previous emergy valuations might have overestimated the contributions of marine ecosystem to the real wealth of the Korean society. The base year for gross domestic product used in the emergy evaluation needs to be clearly indicated due to its impact on the calculation of the emergy-money ratio. A standardized emergy table for the Korean economy will contribute to ensuring consistency among future emergy researches on the valuation of marine ecosystem services.

• The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.109-124
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• 2018

In order to find the optimum culture condition for marine free-living nematoda in the laboratory, various agar media were developed and experiments were carried on nematodes. Nematodes have collected from the bottom of the sandy sediments' surface layer (about 5cm sediment) of Taean Mallipo beach's intertidal zone. Especially, with regard to agar medium, Killian medium was transformed slightly, density of agar had made a difference and this agar medium(height 2.0 mm on diameter 60 mm Petri dish) was divided. It was mixed with 5 different species of microorganism as nematodes' live food and added each culture medium. Five individuals of Enoplolaimus sp. on each culture medium were grown in a culture medium which was set on $20^{\circ}C$ and light blocked. Moreover, as a result of the optimum culture condition, 1.0% density of agar showed the highest survival rates (the average time of survival is 246.8 hours). On the other hand, the 0.4% density of agar adding Killian medium, bacto peptone and beef extract showed the lowest survival rates, which indicates the average time of survival is 27.6 hours. About Bathylaimus sp., on Killian medium's 1.0% density of agar(no feeding amount) showed the highest survival rates, which connects that the hatching rate 94.7% after 99.5 hours and it laid 7 eggs averagely on the spawning amount and the hatching rate experiment.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

In 2009, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) recognized the unique outstanding ecosystem biodiversity and distinct ecocultural values of the Shinan Dadohae Biosphere Reserve in the island region. The Dadohae area, which has been sustainably conserved for scores of years, boasts not only a unique ecosystem, but also has residents with a wide range of traditional ecological knowledge. In terms of understanding the soundness of the ecosystem network known as the landscape system, the recent expansion of environmental development has served to heighten the degree of consideration given not only to biodiversity, which has long been used as an indicator to assess ecosystem soundness, but also to assess cultural diversity. Man has used the surrounding landscape and living organisms as his life resources since the beginning. Moreover, whenever necessary, man has developed new species through cultivation. Biodiversity became a foundation that facilitated establishing cultural diversity such as food and housing. Such ecological knowledge has been conveyed not only to adjacent regions, but also at the international level. The recent rapid changes in the Dadohae area island ecosystem caused by the transformation of fishing grounds by such factors as climate change, excess human activities, and marine pollution, is an epoch event in environmental history that shows that the balance between man and nature has become skewed. Furthermore, this issue has moved beyond the biodiversity and landscape diversity level to become an issue that should be addressed at the cultural diversity level. To this end, the time has come to pay close attention to this issue.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.123-125
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• 2013

According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), ocean warming and acidification are accelerating as a result of the continuous increase in atmospheric $CO_2$. This may affect the function and structure of marine ecosystems. Recently, changes in marine environments/ecosystems have been observed (increase in SST, decrease in the pH of seawater, northward expansion of subtropical species, etc.) in Korean waters. However, we still don't understand well how climate change affects these changes and what can be expected in the future. In order to answer these questions with regard to Korean waters, the project named 'Assessment of the impact of climate change on marine ecosystems in the South Sea of Korea' has been supported for 5 years by the Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries and is scheduled to end in 2013. This project should provide valuable information on the current status of marine environments/ecosystems in the South Sea of Korea and help establish the methodology and observation/prediction systems to better understand and predict the impact of climate/marine environment changes on the structure and function of marine ecosystems. This special issue contains 5 research and a review articles that highlight the studies carried out during 2012-2013 through this project.

• ALGAE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-70
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• 2019

DNA metabarcoding is currently used for large-scale taxonomic identification to understand the community composition in various marine ecosystems. However, before being widely used in this emerging field, this experimental and analytic approach still has several technical challenges to overcome, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) bias, and lack of well-established metabarcoding markers, a task which is difficult but not impossible to achieve. In this study, we present an adapted PCR-free small-organelles enriched metagenomics (SoEM) method for marine biodiversity assessment. To avoid PCR bias and random artefacts, we extracted target DNA sequences without PCR amplification from marine environmental samples enriched with small organelles including mitochondria and plastids because their genome sequences provide a valuable source of molecular markers for phylogenetic analysis. To experimentally enrich small organelles, we performed subcellular fractionation using modified differential centrifugation for marine environmental DNA samples. To validate our SoEM method, two marine environmental samples from the coastal waters were tested the taxonomic capturing capacity against that of traditional DNA metabarcoding method. Results showed that, regardless of taxonomic levels, at least 3-fold greater numbers of taxa were identified in our SoEM method, compared to those identified by the conventional multi-locus DNA metabarcoding method. The SoEM method is thus effective and accurate for identifying taxonomic diversity and presents a useful alternative approach for evaluating biodiversity in the marine environment.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.41-61
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• 2011

Marine protected Areas(MPAs) are specially designated zones of the sea that are designed to secure operation of ecosystem function and to restore marine ecosystem to the original state by excluding all detrimental human activities. MPAs have been proposed in many countries as means of realizing sustainable fisheries and recently MPAs are newly receiving attention as precautionary measure for global warming and climate change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of MPAs as fisheries management tools through a wide range of literature analysis and to suggest necessity of fisheries purpose of MPAs in Korea. Establishment of marine protected area can accompany various economic benefits such as restoration of marine environment, preservation of habitats, promotion of marine tourism and so on. Especially, a lot of case studies suggested that MPAs may bring out benefits to the fishing industry as a result of enhanced stocks. Fisheries benefits of MPAs on targeted species include increased abundance, increased mean individual size and age, increased reproductive output, enhanced recruitment inside and outside refuge, maintenance of genetic diversity of stocks, and enhanced fishery yields in adjacent fishing grounds, so called spill-over. MPAs for ecosystem conservation and protection of coastal wetland have been applied appropriately and effectively, however, the Korean MPAs system is still detective due to absence of fisheries purpose MPAs. Finally, suggestions for Korean MPAs can be summarized as following four recommendations; to establish number of small-scale MPAs rather than few large MPAs, to designate island and its surrounding areas as reserve, to consider MPA design with stock enhancement program, and to undertake co-management with Eochon-Gye, the traditional coastal community in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.14-32
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• 2022

In this paper, we report the results of a conceptual study to develop of a multi-purpose medium-sized UAV that can safely perform missions in harsh maritime environments. In this study, we focused on developing UAVs capable of performing three maritime missions that urgently require the application of medium-sized UAVs: marine ecosystem management, ocean surveillance system, and response to marine accidents. Furthermore improvement points for the above three naval missions using medium-sized UAVs were derived in preparation for the problems of the existing mission performance. Finally, by developing and analyzing the utilization scenario of the medium-class UAV, the required performance suitable for each mission was defined and assigned to the related mission equipment, A new maritime management plan was proposed using the medium-class UAV system equipped with replaceable mission equipment.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 2011

In order to perform an acute toxicity assessment of a new algicide, thiazolidinedione derivative (TD53) with enhanced solubility and lower toxicity to marine ecosystem, representative 3 organisms: plant plankton (Skeletonema costatum), animal plankton (Daphnia magna), fish (Paralichthys olivaceus) related in the food chain of marine ecosystem according to OECD standard methods were employed in the exposure experiment. The exposure assessment showed that $EC_50$ of S. costatum in 96-hour, $EC_50$ of D. magna in 48-hour and $LC_50$ of P. olivaceus in 72-hour for TD53 were $1.53\;{\mu}M$, $0.61\;{\mu}M$ and $2.14\;{\mu}M$ respectively. NOEC (No Observed Effect Concentration) and PNEC (Predicted No Effect Concentration) were calculated to be $0.25\;{\mu}M$ and 6.10 nM, respectively from $EC_50$ of most sensitive strain, D. magna. Comparing with the results of toxicity assessment previously performed by using Ulva pertusa Kjellman accepted as an ISO standard method, the values of PNEC showed 3.7 times lower toxicity in case of this study employing 3 organisms, indicating that if the organisms which are more representative and sensitive in marine ecosystem are further investigated, more accurately and validly predicted toxicity of TD53 could be applied in field.