• Title/Summary/Keyword: managerial activities

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An Empirical Study on the Determinate Factors and Performance of Corporate R&D Outsourcing (기업의 연구개발 아웃소싱의 결정요인과 성과에 관한 실증적 연구)

  • Hwang, Yong-Sik
    • 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2009.10a
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    • pp.111-138
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    • 2009
  • This research focuses on what factors determine firm's decisions on R&D outsourcing and how R&D outsourcing affect R&D performance. In recent years many firms outsource R&D activities instead of internalizing it. Thus, further investigation is necessary to find out this recent trend. Based on several theoretical background the study developed three determining factors of R&D outsourcing which are transactional level, firm level, and risk level. Transactional level composes of independent variables such as R&D cost saving, asset specificity and uncertainty which mainly comes from Transaction Cost Economics theory. Firm level composes of openness to technology from outer source, R&D capability, and outsourcing experience. Risk level composes of technological risk, cost-related risk and managerial risk. The result shows that R&D outsourcing is significantly related to cost saving aspect, low asset specific firms, firms without solid technological background, firms which are open to external technology, firms with other types of outsourcing experience, and firms which take technological risks. However, proposed relationship between degree of R&D outsourcing and R&D performance found out to be insignificant. This research is contribute to the field of outsourcing study since it will give guidance to managers who need to make strategic decisions on R&D outsourcing activities.

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The Relationship between Offline Trust and Online Transaction in Internet Banking (인터넷 뱅킹에서 오프라인 신뢰와 온라인 거래의 관계)

  • Lee, Woong-Kyu
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • v.17 no.2
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    • pp.29-47
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    • 2007
  • Owing to the rapid growth of using the Internet, not only click-and-mortar companies but also brick-and-mortar ones have been expanding their distribution channels into online, Moreover, since online channels are more attractive than offline ones in control and maintenance, switching customers into online ones is emerged as one of very important managerial issues in a view of reduction of cost as well as expansion of services. However, the switched customers should be faced by uncertainties which could not have been experienced in offline. Specifically, in online channels, buyers and sellers are separated temporally and spacially and there are always so many kinds of threat for security as well as not enough systems and conventions for them yet. Therefore, trust has been considered as one of the most critical mechanisms for resolution of such uncertainties in online transactions. However, it is not easy to build and maintain the relationships in online since most of them are virtual and indirect generally. Therefore, in order to switch offline customers into online ones, it is very important to make strategies based on identification of the relationship between online transaction and offline trust which has been built in offline business. Generally offline trust, which has been built independent of online, could not include trust for online-dependent activities such as payment security during or after transactions, while most of online trust include it. Therefore, a customer with high offline trust does not always perceive high security and assure safe transactions. Accordingly, while online trust, where technical capabilities for online security is one of main bases, includes control trust implicitly or explicitly, offline trust does not. However. in spite of such clear discrimination and independence between offline trust and perceived security, there can be the significant dependency between these two beliefs. The customers with high offline trust believe that the company would do some activities for online security for customers' safe transactions since it has been believed of doing well for customers' trust. Theoretically, users' perception of security is interpreted as a kind of control trus, which is trust for company's technical control capacities in order to resolve technical uncertainties in online. Therefore, the relationship between two beliefs can be considered as transference from offline trust to another type trust. that is, control trust. The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of offline trust on online transaction uses mediated by perceived security. For this purpose, we suggest a research model based on technology acceptance model (TAM). Reuse intention is adopted as a dependent variable and TAM is modified by adding perceived risk (PR) as well as two beliefs of using Internet banking, perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU). Moreover, perceive security (PS) is adopted as an external variable for PR and PU, while offline trust (OT) is an antecedent of PS. For an empirical test, sampling from 108 visitors to the banks in Daegu, Korea, we analyze our model by partial least square (PLS) approach. In result, our model is shown to explain 51.4% of the variance in reuse intention and all hypothesis are supported statistically. A theoretical implication of this study is to identify a role of PS between offline trust and reuse intention of using online transaction services. According to our result, PS can be considered as a mediation variable for bridging between two different concepts: trust that explains social aspects of customers and companies, and TAM that explains customers' reuse intention.

The Influences of Emotional Intelligence and Psychological Well-being at e-Sports Game on Life Satisfaction (정서지능과 e스포츠 게임에서의 심리적 웰빙이 삶의 만족도에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hang;Kim, Joon-Hwan
    • Journal of Digital Convergence
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.23-30
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    • 2022
  • This study analyzed the effects of e-sports games on psychological well-being and life satisfaction of individuals by focusing on social and psychological aspects, recognizing e-sports games as subjective area activities based on psychological experiences as well as a means of leisure activities. To this end, 250 game users with actual experience in online games were analyzed using a structural equation modeling(SEM). The research results are as follows. First, except for other's emotion appraisal, which was a sub-factor of emotional intelligence of e-sports game users, self-emotional appraisal, use of emotion and regulation of emotion were found to have a significant positive effect on psychological well-being. Second, psychological well-being in e-sports games was found to have a significant positive relationship with life satisfaction, and psychological well-being was found to significantly mediate the relationship between emotional intelligence and life satisfaction. The findings of this study imply that managerial implications for related organizations as a platform that could support individual psychological well-being in a situation where the stress level of young adults as well as teenagers in a non-face-to-face environment is increasing.

Innovative Technologies in Higher School Practice

  • Popovych, Oksana;Makhynia, Nataliia;Pavlyuk, Bohdan;Vytrykhovska, Oksana;Miroshnichenko, Valentina;Veremijenko, Vadym;Horvat, Marianna
    • International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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    • v.22 no.11
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    • pp.248-254
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    • 2022
  • Educational innovations are first created, improved or applied educational, didactic, educative, and managerial systems and their components that significantly improve the results of educational activities. The development of pedagogical technology in the global educational space is conventionally divided into three stages. The role of innovative technologies in Higher School practice is substantiated. Factors of effectiveness of the educational process are highlighted. Technology is defined as a phenomenon and its importance is emphasized, it is indicated that it is a component of human history, a form of expression of intelligence focused on solving important problems of being, a synthesis of the mind and human abilities. The most frequently used technologies in practice are classified. Among the priority educational innovations in higher education institutions, the following are highlighted. Introduction of modular training and a rating system for knowledge control (credit-modular system) into the educational process; distance learning system; computerization of libraries using electronic catalog programs and the creation of a fund of electronic educational and methodological materials; electronic system for managing the activities of an educational institution and the educational process. In the educational process, various innovative pedagogical methods are successfully used, the basis of which is interactivity and maximum proximity to the real professional activity of the future specialist. There are simulation technologies (game and discussion forms of organization); technology "case method" (maximum proximity to reality); video training methodology (maximum proximity to reality); computer modeling; interactive technologies; technologies of collective and group training; situational modeling technologies; technologies for working out discussion issues; project technology; Information Technologies; technologies of differentiated training; text-centric training technology and others.

A Study on the Information Gathering Function of Research and Development Laboratories Established within Industrial Firms (산업체 부설연구소의 정보기능에 관한 연구)

  • Cho In Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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    • v.16
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    • pp.281-327
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    • 1989
  • This dissertation is presented in two major parts. The first part presented in Chapter 3 attempts to verify the major hypothesis of the present study that the research and development laboratories(hereafter referred to R&D laboratories), establishd withine industrial firms to develop new technologies needed for their own industrial activities, may have another but very important functions to bring information on the externally generated technologies to attention of their respective management decision makers, eventually resulting in the transfer of technology; and such information functions of the R&D laboratories may be better performed by well-organised laboratories than by poorly-organised ones. The second part presented in Chapters 4, 5, 6 and 7 discusses, after the preceding hypotheses has been verified, some desirable situations of the R&D laboratories in facilitating the flow of information on new technologies developed in the world into their industrial firms, centering on the organisational positions and the major fields of interest of the person in charge of the R&D centers, services of the library and technological information office supporting the R&D laboratories, and frequencies of direct contacts of research and development workers with experts in the world and of participation in various conferences, seminars, workshops, exhibitions, etc. Now that there is no recognised instrument and method available for direct measurement of volume of technological information transfered into a particular industrial firm, the number of technologies introduced into a given firm is employed in the present study as an analogous parametre indicating volume of technological information transfered into the firm during a particular period of time. A logical attempt to justify the use of the indirect paramentre is made in Chapter two. vidences needed to verify the hypotheses of the present study are collected through the various publications of the Korea Industrial Research Institutes and other agencies and institutions related to industrial research activities, and through responses to the questionnaire posted to a sample of the 66 R&D laboratories on 6 May 1987 and returned by 30 August of the same year. Some findings and conclusions made in the study are summarised as follows: (1) More information on externally developed technologies flows into the industrial firm with a R&D laboratory of its own than into the industrial firm without one, and naturally, more chances of transfer of technologies are given to the former than to the latter (see 3. 2) (2) After establishing an R&D laboratory, more technological information flows into the industrial firm than before establishing one (see 3. 3) (3) More technological information flows into the industrial firm with a well-organised R&D laboraory than into the firm with a poorly-organised one (see 3. 4) (4) More technological information flows into the ndustrial firm where the director of its R&D laboratory has status qualified to participate in the highest managerial decision making processes of the firm than into the industrial firm where the director does not have such status (see 4. 2) (5) More technological information flows into the industrial firm where the director of R&D laboratory does not hold other positions within the firm than into the industrial firm where the director holds other positions (see 4.3) (6) There is evidence showing that quantities of technological information transfered into industriali firms vary with the case that the major background of the director of the R&D laboratory is the same as the main field of R&D activities of his or her laboratery, the case that the director's background is partly related to the field of R&D activities of the laboratory, and the case that the director's major background is different from the field of R&D activities of the laboratory (see 4.4) (7) More technological information flows into the industrial firm with the director of its R&D laboratory appointed from among professional research and development workers than into the industrial firm with the director of its R&D laboratory appointed from among general managers (see 4.5) (8) More technological information flows into the industrial firm with its R&D laboratory which has established a library service unit within its own jurisdiction than into the industrial firm with its R&D laboratory which has established a library service unit within its own jurisdiction than into the industrial firm with its R&D laboratory which uses a library within the firm but outside the laboratory (see 5. 1) (9) More echnological information flows into the industrial firm with a technological information office of its own than into the industrial firm without such an office (see 5. 2) (10) More technological information flows into the industrial firm with a large research and development staff in its R&D laboratory than into the industrial firm with a small staff in its R&D laboratory (see 5. 2) (11) More technological information flows into the industrial firm with its R&D laboratory whose staff members more frequently contact experts in the conferences, seminars, symposiums, and workshops held in foreign countries and novelties in the world's major exhibitions than into the industrial firm with its R&D laboratory whose staff members less frequently contact such experts and novelties (see 6. 2 ; 6. 3)

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A study on The U.S.-Korean Trade Friction Prevention and Settlement in the Fields of Information and Telecommunication Industries (한미간(韓美間) 정보통신분야(情報通信分野) 통상마찰예방(通商摩擦豫防)과 해소방안(解消方案)에 관한 연구(硏究))

  • Jung, Jay-Young
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.13
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    • pp.869-895
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    • 2000
  • The US supports the Information and Communication (IC) industry as a strategic one to wield a complete power over the World Market. However, several other countries are also eager to have the support for the IC industry because the industry produces a high added value and has a significant effect on other industries. Korea is not an exception. Korea recently succeeded in the commercialization of CDMA for the first time in the world, after the successful development of TDX. Hence, it is highly likely to get tracked by the US. Although the IC industry is a specific sector of IT, there is a concern that there might be a trade friction between the US and Korea due to a possible competition. It will be very important to prepare a solution in advance so that Korea could prevent the friction and at the same time increase its share domestically and globally. It will be our important task to solve the problem with the minimum cost if the conflict arises unfortunately in the IT area. The parties that have a strong influence on the US trade policy are the think tank group and the IT-related interest group. Therefore, it would be important to have a close relationship with them. We found some implications by analyzing the case of Japan, which has experienced trade frictions with the US over the long period of time in the high tech industry. In order to get rid of those conflicts with the US, the Japanese did the following things : (1) The Japanese government developed supporting theories and also resorted to international support so that the world could support the Japanese theories. (2) Through continual dialogue with the US business people, the Japanese business people sought after solutions to share profits among the Japanese and the US both in the domestic and in the worldwide markets. They focused on lobbying activities to influence the US public opinion to support the Japanese. The specific implementation plan was first to open culture lobby toward opinion leaders who were leaders about the US opinion. The institution, Japan Society, were formed to deliver a high quality lobbying activities. The second plan is economic lobby. They have established Japanese Economic Institute at Washington. They provide information about Japan regularly or irregularly to the US government, research institution, universities, etc., that are interested in Japan. The main objective behind these activities though is to advertise the validity of Japanese policy. Japanese top executives, practical interest groups on international trade, are trying to justify their position by direct contact with the US policy makers. The third one is political lobby. Japan is very careful about this political lobby. It is doing its best not to give impression that Japan is trying to shape the US policy making. It is collecting a vast amount of information to make a correct judgment on situation. It is not tilted toward one political party or the other, and is rather developing a long-term network of people who understand and support the Japanese policy. The following implications were drawn from the experience of Japan. First, the Korean government should develop a long-term plan and execute it to improve the Korean image perceived by American people. Second, the Korean government should begin public relation activities toward the US elite group. It is inevitable to make an effort to advertise Korea to this elite group because this group leads public opinion in the USA. Third, the Korean government needs the development of a relevant policy to elevate the positive atmosphere for advertising toward the US. For example, we need information about to whom and how to about lobbying activities, personnel network who immediately respond to wrong articles about Korea in the US press, and lastly the most recent data bank of Korean support group inside the USA. Fourth, the Korean government should create an atmosphere to facilitate the advertising toward the US. Examples include provision of incentives in tax on the expenses for the advertising toward the US and provision of rewards to those who significantly contribute to the advertising activities. Fifth, the Korean government should perform the role of a bridge between Korean and the US business people. Sixth, the government should promptly analyze the policy of IT industry, a strategic area, and timely distribute information to industries in Korea. Since the Korean government is the only institution that has formal contact with the US government, it is highly likely to provide information of a high quality. The followings are some implications for business institutions. First, Korean business organization should carefully analyze and observe the business policy and managerial conditions of US companies. It is very important to do so because all the trade frictions arise at the business level. Second, it is also very important that the top management of Korean firms contact the opinion leaders of the US. Third, it is critically needed that Korean business people sent to the USA do their part for PR activities. Fourth, it is very important to advertise to American employees in Korean companies. If we cannot convince our American employees, it would be a lot harder to convince regular American. Therefore, it is very important to make the American employees the support group for Korean ways. Fifth, it should try to get much information as early as possible about the US firms policy in the IT area. It should give an enormous effort on early collection of information because by doing so it has more time to respond. Sixth, it should research on the PR cases of foreign enterprise or non-American companies inside the USA. The research needs to identify the success factors and the failure factors. Finally, the business firm will get more valuable information if it analyzes and responds to, according to each medium.

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A Study on a Framework for Digital Twin Management System applicable to Smart Factory (스마트 팩토리에 적용 가능한 디지털 트윈 관리시스템 프레임워크에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Dongjin;Choi, Myungsoo;Yang, Dongsik
    • Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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    • v.10 no.9
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    • pp.1-7
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    • 2020
  • In order to implement a smart factory for manufacturing innovation, more digital twins will be developed and applied gradually. In particular, simulation and optimization of digital twins makes it possible to support critical decision-making like a predictive maintenance of the equipment for manufacturing. In terms of a user perspective, this study suggests the conceptual framework of Digital Twin Management System (DTMS) for supporting the analytical and managerial activities for Digital Twins. We integrate the methods and structure of the area like Manufacturing Engineering, Decision Support Systems, and Optimization for developing the DTMS. The framework suggested in this study shows a typical DSS which consists of dialog management system, model management system and data management system. It also includes Analytical Digital Twins and simulations & optimization module. The framework is being applied in one of the most competitive and complex industrial sector. Also this study is meaningful to suggest a new direction of research.

A Study on The Factors Affecting the Managerial Performance of Hospitals (병원경영의 수익성 결정요인에 관한 연구)

  • Chung Bhum-Suk
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.17
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    • pp.107-133
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    • 2005
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze a trend of profitability classified by characteristics of hospitals and to analyze related factors. The data for this study were derived from survey material conducted by the Korean Hospital Association on 33 hospitals in Korea between 1993 and 2002. Profitability was measured in the aspect of investment profit rate and operation profit rate with net profit to total assets, normal profit to total assets and operating margin to gross revenue as dependent variables. Independent variables were classified by general factors (ownership, number of beds, period of establishment, region), financial factors (total asset turnover, liabilities to total assets, current ratio, fixed ratio, inventories turnover, personnel costs per operation profit, material costs per operation profits), composition of manpower and facilities(personnel and area per beds), productivity index(the number of daily patients per medical doctor, the number of daily patients per nurse), the score of quality assurance activities. First, Concerning the specialists per beds or area per beds and profitability of hospitals there was not statistically significant. Second, Those hospitals having the most daily patients per nurse had significantly higher profitability than the others, but the number of daily patients per medical doctor had little effect on the profitability. Thirds, Those hospitals having a higher proportion total asset turnover tended to show significantly higher profitability compared to other hospitals, but the liabilities to total assets and liquidity ratio had a little difference to the profitability. Those hospitals having a higher proportion personnel costs per operation profit and material costs per operation profits tended to show significantly lower hospital profitability compared to other hospitals. Fourth, In regression analysis, hospital profitability had negative relationship with personnel costs per operation profit or material costs per operation profits. While it had positive relationship with total asset turnover, the number of daily patients per nurse. In conclusion, private hospitals had higher profitability than that of public hospitals. Though factors related to profitability of hospital were different according to ownership, it is important for securing appropriate profitability by operating appropriate number of nurse, raising total asset turnover, and reducing personnel costs, material costs per operation profits. This study can be used as a baseline data for planning of hospital management. But the study may be limited in that the results cannot be generalized due to its small sample size. However, this longitudinal observation of 33 hospitals over ten year period has significant merit alone.

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The Direction to the Entrepreneurship Education Center : Insight from the Kauffman Campus Initiative (창업교육센터의 향후 방향에 관한 연구 : 카우프만 캠퍼스 사업의 시사점을 중심으로)

  • Choi, Jong In;Kim, Ki Young;Song, Choong Han
    • Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2013
  • Entrepreneurship is the act of being an entrepreneur or one who undertakes innovations or introducing new things, finance and business in an effort to transform innovations into economic benefits. This result in new organizations or may be part of revitalizing mature organizations in response to a perceived opportunity. The most obvious form of entrepreneurship is that of starting new businesses, or startup company. However, in recent years, the term has been extended to include social and political forms of entrepreneurial activity. Interest in the entrepreneurship education has increased significantly in now. The 61 universities made the entrepreneurship education center in the four year university and college through the government LINC program. We need the questions about the what, who and why for entrepreneurship education. Kauffman Campus Initiative(KCI) guide us to the direction of the entrepreneurship center for the future. The considerations are as follows; what is center's managerial structure, what kind of program and activities is provided, what is factors to be interested, participated in the education, how can be sustainable entrepreneurial center?. This study provide four implicit for the centers. More broad definition of entrepreneurship for the education, diverse textbook and subjects for the entrepreneurship, coach development for the teaching, and the sustainable leadership.

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A Case Study on Building a System Dynamics Model for Strategic Knowledge Management (전략적 지식경영을 위한 시스템 다이내믹스 모델 구축 사례 연구)

  • Park, Sang-Hyun;Yeon, Seung-Jun;Kim, Dong-Ho;Kim, Sang-Wook
    • Information Systems Review
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    • v.7 no.2
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    • pp.101-115
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    • 2005
  • IT companies make a lot of effort to share and utilize the experiences of their members and transform them into organizational knowledge as a competitive core. However they face a dilemma in that they have to spend time and financial resources to perform activities around knowledge management for the long-term gains, while carrying at field-work for making short-term profits. As an initial attempt to tackle this managerial problem, this paper tries to investigate the mechanism of knowledge management in a small IT company in Korea with a synthetic view-point using system dynamics simulation model. It depicts the dynamic behaviors of knowledge management and presents some findings of political leverage. Although this model has to be further replenished, the scheme for the dynamism of knowledge management and the findings presented in the paper could be useful for the decision makers, especially of knowledge-intensive organizations.