• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.245-249
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• 2007

The aim of present experiment was to examine hatching rate as in vitro indicator of viability of porcine embryos before early stage embryo transfer such as zygotes or 2-cell stage embryos. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) collected from ovaries were matured in North Carolina State University 23 (NCSU-23) containing 10% porcine follicular fluid (pFF), 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF), $10{\mu}g/ml$ follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), $35{\mu}g/ml$ luteinizing hormone (LH), and 1mg/ml cysteine. After 24 hours, the COCs were transferred to the same medium without hormones. After 65h of maturation, oocytes were exposed to phosphate buffered saline (PBS) with 7% ethanol (v/v) for 7 minutes, and then the oocytes were washed and cultured in tissue culture medium (TCM) 199 containing 5 ug/ml cytochalasin B for 5h at $38.5^{\circ}C$ in an atmosphere of 5% $CO_2$ and 95% air with high humidity. After cytochalasin B treatment, the presumptive parthenotes were cultured in porcine zygote medium (PZM)-5 and cleavage of the parthenotes was assessed at 72h of activation, Normally cleaved parthenotes were cultured for an additional 8 days to evaluate their ability to develop to blastocyst and hatching stages. The fetal bovine serum (FBS) were added at Day 4 or 5 with concentrations of 2.5, 5 or 10%. The blastocyst rates were ranged within $39.1{\sim}70%$ in each treatment. However hatching rate was dramatically decreased in non-addition group. In this experiment, embryo viability in female reproductive tract may be estimated before embryo transfer with in vitro culture adding FBS by hatching ability.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 1999

As Japanese economy has been well developed, the manpower problem of farmland has also become one of the largest and the most crucial issues in the overall agricultural policy of the Japanese Government. Particularly, the energetic younger generation and a core of agricultural labor force, has drastically decreased, while the weak older generation has increased. The severity of manpower shortage in agricultural sector led to create a farmer training programs which had been vigorously begun by the Yamagata Prefecture, and a center for promoting local autonomy. The major purpose of education for enhancement of status of future farmers as well as the welfare of core farmhousehold is to provide them with technical of vocational education to give training to those who want to become agricultural technicians, rural leaders of practical farmers Educational program for future and young farmers put emphasis on practical trainings which are directly applied to proper farm management. As a supporting policy for promoting future farmers' activities, Prefecture-level supports were strengthened to develop technical capability, managerial and supervisory ability, and the ability to lead organized activity so that the farm youth may operate modern farms with higher efficiency and greater specialization. Political consideration was also made to develop a rich sense of farm management as well as the adaptability necessary to introduce technical and managerial innovations. Methological measurements on how the Korean government has to do for solving the problem of agricultural manpower facing in farmland in Korea were noted.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.19-38
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to analyze the responses and the behavioral characteristics between mathematically promising students and normal students in solving open-ended problems. For this study, 55 mathematically promising students were selected from the Science Education Institute for the Gifted at Seoul National University of Education as well as 100 normal students from three 6th grade classes of a regular elementary school. The students were given 50 minutes to complete a written test consisting of five open-ended problems. A post-test interview was also conducted and added to the results of the written test. The conclusions of this study were summarized as follows: First, analysis and grouping problems are the most suitable in an open-ended problem study to stimulate the creativity of mathematically promising students. Second, open-ended problems are helpful for mathematically promising students' generative learning. The mathematically promising students had a tendency to find a variety of creative methods when solving open-ended problems. Third, mathematically promising students need to improve their ability to make-up new conditions and change the conditions to solve the problems. Fourth, various topics and subjects can be integrated into the classes for mathematically promising students. Fifth, the quality of students' former education and its effect on their ability to solve open-ended problems must be taken into consideration. Finally, a creative thinking class can be introduce to the general class. A number of normal students had creativity score similar to those of the mathematically promising students, suggesting that the introduction of a more challenging mathematics curriculum similar to that of the mathematically promising students into the general curriculum may be needed and possible.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.57-66
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• 2019

Background: Visual and somatosensory integration processing is needed to reduce pusher behavior (PB) and improve postural control in hemiplegic patients with acute stroke. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effects of game-based postural vertical training (GPVT) on PB, postural control, and activity daily living (ADL) in acute stroke patients. Methods: Fourteen participants with acute stroke (<2 months post-stroke) who had PB according to the Burke lateropulsion scale (BLS) (score>2) were randomly divided into the GPVT group ($n_1=7$) and conventional postural vertical training (CPVT) group ($n_2=7$). The GPVT group performed game-based postural vertical training using a whole-body tilt apparatus. while the CPVT group performed conventional postural vertical training to reduce PB (30 minutes/session, 2 times/day, 5 days/week for 3 consecutive weeks). The BLS was evaluated to assess the severity of PB. And each subject's postural control ability and ADL level were assessed using the postural assessment scale for stroke (PASS), balance posture ratio (BPR), and Korean-modified Barthel index (K-MBI). Outcomes were measured pre- and post-intervention. Results: Comparison of the pre- and post-intervention assessment results showed that both interventions led to the following significant changes: decreased severity of PB scores and increased PASS, BPR, and K-MBI scores (p<.05). In particular, statistical analysis between the two groups, the BLS score was significantly decreased in the GPVT group (p<.05). And PASS, BPR, and K-MBI scores were significantly improved in the GPVT group than in the CPVT group (p<.01, respectively). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that GPVT lessened PB severity and improved postural control ability and ADL levels in acute stroke patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2010

When extracts of KMG (Korean mountain ginseng) leaf tea and fermented KMG leaf tea were compared, the fermented KMG leaf tea extract showedhigher activity at each stage of density. Among the material groups, the KMG extract hadthe least profound SOD-like activity, and similar SOD-like activities were noted in the fermented KMG, KMG leaf tea, and fermented KMG leaf tea extracts. With regard to nitrite scavenging ability at a pH of 1.2, the KMG, fermented KMG, and KMG leaf tea groups exhibited similar results, and at pH 3.0, the KMG and KMG leaf tea extract groups exhibited more profound nitrite scavenging ability compared to the fermented groups. In the case of HeLa cell treatments, the KMG and fermented KMG leaf tea extracts exhibited cancer cell propagation restraint rates in excess of 30%, at a density of 1 mg/mL. And MCF-7 cells treated with fermented KMG and KMG leaf tea showedsimilar propagation restraint rates at more than 27% of cancer cells, at a density of 1 mg/mL. Among the materials, the KMG extract hadthe lowest cancer cell propagation restraint rate at 21%, and the fermented KMG leaf tea extract had the highest rate at more than 70%.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.5 s.72
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• pp.743-748
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• 2005

Histamine can be produced at early spoilage stage through decarboxylation of histidine in red-flesh fish by Proteus morganii, Hafnia alvei or Klebsiella pneumoniae. Allergic food poisoning is resulted from the histamine produced when the freshness of Mackerel degrades. Conversely it has been reported that there are bacteria which decompose histamine at the later stage. We isolated histamine decomposers from salted mackerel and studied the characteristics to help establish hygienic measure to prevent outbreak of salted mackerel food poisoning. All the samples were purchased through local supermarket. Histamine decomposers were isolated using restriction medium using histamine 10 species were selected. Identification of these isolates were carried out by the comparison of 16S rDNA partial sequence; as a result, we identified Pseudomonas putida strain RA2 and Halomonas marina, Uncultured Arctic sea ice bacterium clone ARKXV1/2-136, Halomonas venusta, Psychrobacter sp. HS5323, Pseudomonas putida KT2440, Rhodococcus erythropolis, Klebsiella terrigena (Raoultella terrigena), Alteromonadaceae bacterium T1, Shewanella massilia with homology of $100\%,{\;}100\%,{\;}99\%,{\;}99\%,{\;}99\%,{\;}99\%,{\;}100\%,{\;}95\%,{\;}99\%,{\;}and{\;}100\%$respectively. Turbidometry determination method and enzymic method were employed to determine the ability of histamine decomposition. Among those species Shewanella massilia showed the highest in ability of histamine decomposition. From these results we confirmed various histamine decomposer were present in salted mackerel product in the market.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.63
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• pp.43-82
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• 2016

The purpose of this paper is to study the image of the 16th Century Honam Chinese poetry. for that, Park Sang, Im Eokryeong, Ko Gyeongmyeong in this study. This paper identified the characteristics of Ho Nam poetry is two things. First of all, is "literary talent does not acknowledge" consciousness and image of army. Park Sang, Im Eokryeong, Ko Gyeongmyeong was advanced to the center politics with excellent literary talent to the talents our 16th century Honam. However, at that time, the ruling layer was time to lead the politics. Therefore, the three people to frustration. Yet three people were criticizing the reality. And they thought that they were unhappy. It is unfortunate that they did because of their literary talent to be recognized. Three people were very sensitive to not be recognized literary talent. This is because they were subject to the management by the literary ability. It does not recognize the literary consciousness appears as sword, spear, admiral image. Second, The HwaIbulryu consciousness and image of integrity. Park Sang, Im Eokryeong, Ko Gyeongmyeong thought it not right politics. Yet continued to politics. This is not behavior that is typical scholar. What they did so because we follow a man named Yuhahye. A man named yuhahye pursue life, be it a dirty political reality was to continue the crest. But that never lose their integrity. Three people who will follow the life of this Yuhahye. This is a life attitude graft Japanese apricot flower, oriole, rock of pillar, appears as an image.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.111-116
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• 2011

This study was carried out to examine Electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging, tyrosinase inhibition, ACE inhibition activity and fibrinolytic activity of culture extracts from Phellinus linteus which was grown added rice bran, pine needles and turmeric in brown rice. Electron donating ability of Phellinus linteus extract (PLE) was lower in the water extract than the ethanol extract. Nitrite scavenging activity was the highest in PLE from ethanol extract than water extract. Especially, when the pine needles was addition treatment, the nitrite scavenging activity was about 70% at pH 1.2 by ethanol extract. Tyrosinase inhibition activity of PLE was highest in the water extract than ethanol extract, and inhibition rate was the most higher in the extract by hot water added pine needles. ACE inhibition activity were very low effective at water and ethanol extract. Fibrinolytic activities were similarly strong in rice bran, pine needles and turmeric powder. Especially, when rice bran was added, showed the activity was increased about 5% than plasmin. Therefore, It may be used for the food industry as natural source of bioactive compound after further investigation, such as in vivo experiment.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2011

This study was carried out to examine the electron donating ability (EDA), nitrite scavenging, tyrosinase inhibition, ACE inhibition and fibrinolytic activity of culture extracts from Fomitella fraxinea which was grown added rice bran, pine needles and turmeric in brown rice. Electron donating ability was higher in the extract by hot water than ethanol. Nitrite scavenging activity was the highest from ethanol extract of culture products added to the pine needles, showed the scavenging activity was approximately 50%. Tyrosinase inhibition activity was highest in the extract by hot water, showed inhibition rate of rice bran was 72.49%, pine needles 87.34% and turmeric powder 82.75%, respectively. ACE inhibition activity were very low effective at all water and ethanol extracts. Fibrinolytic activities were similarly strong in the rice bran, pine needles and turmeric powder. Especially, when the rice bran and turmeric powder were added, showed the activities were increased about 10% than plasmin. Therefore, it may be used for the food and cosmetic industry as natural source of bioactive compound after further investigation such as in vivo experiment.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.573-582
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• 2013

This study was done in order to investigate the bioconversion of ginsenoside, as well as the quality characteristics of fermented ginseng, by using lactic acid bacteria. Quality characteristics such as the thin layer chromatography(TLC) pattern, ginsenosides, total phenolic content, electron donating ability, and total sugar of fermenting ginseng and red ginseng were analyzed. The ginsenoside Rg2r, Rh2s and Rh2r of the fermented ginseng and red ginseng for 65 hours at a temperature of $37^{\circ}C$ were not detected. The ginsenoside Rg1 and Re contents have decreased, while the Rh1, Rg2s, Rd, Rg3r, and Rg3s have increased due to fermentation. The ginsenoside Rg3 of the fermented red ginseng has increased and the contents were $114.83{\sim}131.68{\mu}g/mL$ (control $104.56{\mu}g/mL$). The total phenolic content and electron donating ability of the red ginseng have totally decreased after 7 days of fermentation. The total phenolic contents of the fermented ginseng and red ginseng with different lactic acid bacteria did not show any tendency as different strains. The electron donating ability of the fermented ginseng has increased; however, the electron donating ability of the red ginseng has decreased. The total sugars of the fermented ginseng and red ginseng with different lactic acid bacteria have also decreased.