• Title/Summary/Keyword: malocclusion

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Clinical and radiographic characteristics of pycnodysostosis: A systematic review

  • Amanda Katarinny Goes Gonzaga;Carla Samily de Oliveira Costa;Hannah Gil de Farias Morais;Brazm da Fonseca Neto;Leao Pereira Pinto;Wagner Ranier Maciel Dantas;Patricia Teixeira de Oliveira;Daniela Pita de Melo
    • Imaging Science in Dentistry
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    • v.54 no.1
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    • pp.13-24
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    • 2024
  • Purpose: Pycnodysostosis (PYCD), an autosomal recessive syndrome, is characterized by an imbalance in bone remodeling that produces various clinical and radiographic craniofacial manifestations. This review represents a systematic examination of these manifestations, as well as oral features associated with PYCD. Materials and Methods: A systematic review was conducted across 8 databases from February to March 2023. The search strategy focused on studies reporting cases of PYCD that examined the clinical and radiographic craniofacial and oral characteristics associated with this syndrome. Results: The review included 84 studies, encompassing a total of 179 cases of PYCD. More than half of the patients were female (55.3%), and the mean age was 14.7 years. Parental consanguinity was reported in 51.4% of the cases. The most common craniofacial clinical manifestation was a prominent nose, observed in 57.5% of cases. Radiographically, the most frequently reported craniofacial characteristics included the presence of an obtuse mandibular angle (84.3%) and frontal cranial bosses(82.1%). Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed oral alterations, with micrognathia present in 62.6% of patients and malocclusion in 59.2%. Among dental anomalies, tooth agenesis was the most commonly reported, affecting 15.6% of patients. Conclusion: Understanding the clinical and radiographic craniofacial features of PYCD is crucial for dental professionals. This knowledge enables these clinicians to devise effective treatment plans and improve patient quality of life.

Nose Changes after Maxillary Advancement Surgery in Skeletal Class III Malocclusion (골격성 III급 부정교합자에서 상악골 전방 이동술 후 코의 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, Eun-Hee;Park, Soo-Byung;Kim, Jong-Ryoul
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.30 no.5 s.82
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    • pp.657-668
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount and interrelationship of the soft tissue of nose and maxillary changes and to identify the nasal morphologic features that indicate susceptibility to nasal deflection in such a manner that they would be useful in presurgical prediction of nasal changes after maxillary advancement surgery in skeletal Class III malocclusion. The sample consisted of 25 adult patients (13 males and 12 females) who had severe anteroposterior skeletal discrepancy. The patients had received presurgical orthodontic treatment. They underwent a Le Fort I advancement osteotomy, rigid internal fixation, alar cinch suture and V-Y advancement lip closure. The presurgical and postsurgical lateral cephalograms and lateral and frontal facial photographs were evaluated. The computerized statistical analysis was carried out. Soft tissue of nose change to h point change ratios were calculated by regression equations. The results were as follows 1. The correlation of maxillary hard tissue horizontal changes and nasal soft tissue vortical changes were high and the ${\beta}_0$ for soft tissue to ADV were 0.228 at ANt, 0.257 at SNt. 2. The correlation of maxillary hard tissue and nasal soft tissue horizontal changes were high and the ${\beta}_0$ for soft tissue to ADV were 0.484 at ANt, 0.431 at SNt, 0.806 at Sn. 3. The correlation of maxillary hard tissue horizontal changes and width changes of ala of nose were high and the ${\beta}_0$ lot alar base width ratio to ADV were 0.002. 4. The DRI, Prominence of nose, Pre-Op CA is not a quantitative measure that can be used clinically to improve the predictability of vertical and horizontal nasal tip deflection. In this study, increases in nasal tip projection and anterosuperior rotation occur when there is an anterior vector of maxillary movement. These nasal changes were Quantitatively correlated to magnitude of maxillary(A point) movement.

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A STUDY ON THE MANDIBULAR MOVEMENT CHANGES AFTER ORTHOGNATHIC SURGERY IN SKELETAL CLASS III PATIENTS (악교정 수술 후 골격성 III급 부정교합 환자의 하악운동 변화에 관한 연구)

  • Nahm, Dong-Seok;Suhr, Cheong-Hoon;Yang, Won-Sik;Chang, Young-Il
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.273-282
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    • 1997
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in mandibular movement patterns after orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III patients. The sample consisted of 20 Class III malocclusion patients(9 males, 11 females). Just before and after(2-7months) surgery, maximum opening & closing movement, mandibular border movement on sagittal, frontal and horizontal planes were recorded using Sirognathograph & BioPak EGN. On each record, 21 items were measured and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows 1. Angle of protrusive movement on sagittal plane showed greatest change after surgery. Also, as the incisal guidance was established by surgery, straight path of protrusive movement became curved line. 2. Maximum opening distance and maximum antero-posterior distance on maximum opening & closing movement, maximum opening distance on sagittal plane, angle of left lateral excursion on frontal plane were statistically significant after snrgery(p<0.01). 3. Maximum width of lateral excursion on frontal plane, distane of right lateral excursion and angle of maximum left lateral excursion on horizontal plane were statistiraily significant after surgery(p<0.05). 4. Maximum opening distance and maximum antero-posterior distance on maximum opening & closing movement showed significant differences according to post-surgical time(p<0.05). More recovery of range of movement occured in 5-7month group than in 2-3month group. 5. As the occlusal interferences were removed by orthognathic surgery, irregular opening & closing path became smooth curve.

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Current trends in orthodontic patients in Seoul National University Dental Hospital (서울대학교 치과병원 교정과에 내원한 부정교합 환자의 최근 경향)

  • Im, Dong-Hyuk;Kim, Tae-Woo;Nahm, Dong-Seok;Chang, Young-Il
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.33 no.1 s.96
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    • pp.63-72
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    • 2003
  • Over the Past decades, the number of Patients seeking orthodontic treatment has increased markedly with socioeconomic development and change of recognition on appearance. The purpose of this study was to provide an epidemiologic data base related to the orthodontic treatment need. We could take an adequate information regarding the characteristics of orthodontic patients, and the changing trends about treatment mordality. Distrubution and treands were Investigated in 676 patients who had been examined and diagnosed at Department of orthodontics, Dental Hospital, Seoul National University from January to June in 1992 and 2002. 1. Sex distribution of patients changed from 1:2.1 to 1:1.5 (male female). 2. In 2002, are distribution had shown $7\~12$ year-old group being the largest$(32.0\%)$ and percentage of $19\~24,\;13\~18,\;over\;25,\;4\~6,\;0\~3$ year-old group were $24.0\%,\;21.6\%,\;14.2\%,\;5.8\%,\;2.4\%$ respctively. Compared with data in 1992, the number of adult patients highly increased. 3. With regard to Angle classification, each percentage of Class I, Class II div 1, Class II div 2, and Class III malocclusion were $25.0\%,\;20.9\%,\;3.4\%,\;and\;48.1\%$ respectively in 2002. 4. Geographic distribution showed that most of the patients visited $(37.0\%)$ lived in northeast of Seoul in 2002. 5. Mandibular prognathism showed the highest percentage in chief complaints. The percentages of crowding and facial asymmetry were $14.2\%\;and\;11.8\%$ in 2002. Patients with facial asymmetry increased significantly. 6. Percentages of patients treated with fixed appliance and orthognathic surgery were $38.0\%\;and\;25.0\%$ in 2002. Patients needed to observe the growth pattern comprised $13.0\%$ with increasing trends. The use of chin cap reduced and the percentage of ortognathic surgery and growth observation increased significantly.

A study on treatment effects of different activator types in Angle's Class II div.1 malocclusion patients (2급 1류 부정교합 환자에서 activator유형에 따른 치료 효과에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Duk-Sang;Lee, Jin-Woo;Cha, Kyung-Suk
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.27 no.3 s.62
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    • pp.431-444
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    • 1997
  • This research was carried out to compares the treatment effects of Horizontal and Vertical type activators in Angle's Class II div. 1 maloccusion patients with mandibular retrusion dand to find out whether different treatment effects or growth pattern were observed between sexes in each study groups. The results were as follows: 1. In Horizontal activator group, forward positioning of mandible and vertical increase in anteror face as examplified by increase of LAFH and AEM were observed when pre and post-treatment datas were evaluated. 2. Males samples in Horizontal activator group showed increase in mandiular length accmpanied by posterior positioning of maxilla, wheras female samples in Horizontal activator group showed increase in mandibular body length, labial inclination of mandibular incisors and increase in lower anterior facial height .3. In vertical activator group, increase in AFH, LAFH, PFH and LPFH were observed when pre and post treatment datas were evaluated. 4. Male samples in Vertical activator group showed increase in mandibular body length and anterior and posterior facial heights, whereas females samples of Vertical activator group showed mainly increase in anterior facial height. 5. When pre and post treatment datas of Horizontal and Vertical activator groups were compared, skeletal difference were mainly observed in pretreatment datas but dental difference were observed in post treatment datas ,indicating that two actiators differ only in their effects to dental variables. 6. Difference between sexes were noted after treatment although no difference were observed between sexs in each groups before treatmentt. This indicates that inherent growth effects in each sex exerts more influence 1km appliances used for treatment.

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Changes of lip morphology following mandibular setback surgery using 3D cone-beam computed tomography images

  • Paek, Seung Jae;Yoo, Ji Yong;Lee, Jang Won;Park, Won-Jong;Chee, Young Deok;Choi, Moon Gi;Choi, Eun Joo;Kwon, Kyung-Hwan
    • Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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    • v.38
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    • pp.38.1-38.10
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    • 2016
  • Background: The aims of this study are to evaluate the lip morphology and change of lip commissure after mandibular setback surgery (MSS) for class III patients and analyze association between the amount of mandibular setback and change of lip morphology. Methods: The samples consisted of 14 class III patients treated with MSS using bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Lateral cephalogram and cone-beam CT were taken before and about 6 months after MSS. Changes in landmarks and variables were measured with 3D software program $Ondemand^{TM}$. Paired and independent t tests were performed for statistical analysis. Results: Landmarks in the mouth corner (cheilion, Ch) moved backward and downward (p < .005, p < .01). However, cheilion width was not statistically significantly changed. Landmark in labrale superius (Ls) was not altered significantly. Upper lip prominence angle (ChRt-Ls-$ChLt^{\circ}$) became acute. Landmarks in stomion (Stm), labrale inferius (Li) moved backward (p < .005, p < .001). Lower lip prominence angle (ChRt-Li-$ChLt^{\circ}$) became obtuse (p < .001). Height of the upper and lower lips was not altered significantly. Length of the upper lip vermilion was increased (p =< 0.01), and length of the lower lip vermilion was decreased (p < .05). Lip area on frontal view was not statistically significantly changed, but the upper lip area on lateral view was increased and change of the lower lip area decreased (p > .05, p < .005). On lateral view, upper lip prominent point (UP) moved downward and stomion moved backward and upward and the angle of Ls-UP-Stm ($^{\circ}$) was decreased. Lower lip prominent point (LP) moved backward and downward, and the angle of Stm-LP-Li ($^{\circ}$) was increased. Li moved backward. Finally, landmarks in the lower incisor tip (L1) moved backward and upward, but stomion moved downward. After surgery, lower incisor tip (L1) was positioned more superiorly than stomion (p < .05). There were significant associations between horizontal soft tissue and corresponding hard tissue. The posterior movement of L1 was related to statistically significantly about backward and downward movement of cheilion. Conclusions: The lip morphology of patients with dento-skeletal class III malocclusion shows a significant improvement after orthognathic surgery. Three-dimensional lip morphology changes in class III patients after MSS exhibited that cheilion moved backward and downward, upper lip projection angle became acute, lower lip projection angle became obtuse, change of upper lip area on lateral view was increased, change of lower lip area decreased, and morphology of lower lip was protruding. L1 was concerned with the lip tissue change in statistically significant way.

A STUDY OF THE NORMAL & ABNORMAL OCCULSAL PATERNS IN ADULTS USING THE SUPERIMPOSED RUBBER PATTERN METHOD (Superimposed Rubber Pattern법에 의한 성인 정상 및 비정상 교합자의 교합 양상에 관한 연구)

  • Choi, Dae-Gyun;Lee, Sung-Bok;Kwon, Young-Hyuk;Choi, Boo-Byung
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.33 no.3
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    • pp.467-491
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    • 1995
  • In order to analyze the occlusin of intercuspation with maximun bite force, fifteen healthy adult subjects with the ages 23 to 27 were studied(Group1 ; 5-normal occlusion with Angle's Class1, Group2 ; 5-Angle's Class2 malocclusion, Group3 ; 5-Angle’s Class3 malocclusion). Head Position was fixed with occlusal plane paralleling to horizontal line and occlusal registration r cord was made with polyether rubber impression material(Ramitec, ESPECo. West Germany). After all subject were trained for maximum intercuspation at least 5 times, occlusal registration procedure was repeated for this study. Lower posterior rubber occlusal registration records were sliced with 1mm thickness using precision metal sliding channel(Hitachi Ind. Co., Japan). Gross sectional drawings were traced from occluding view of upper and lower posterior teeth on the rubber slices using digitizer, and superimposed for the determination of each drawing distance(Superimposed Rubber Pattern Method). Based on superimposed rubber pattern drawings, total area of occlusal view, sum of each area of the 5 divided occlusal contact provinces and its ratio, total area and number of occlusal contact area were determined to elucidate occlusal stability in the normal and abnormal occlusion groups. The data were analysed by t-test(p=0.05) to determine statistical significance. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Group1 showed the largest standard area with occlusal view of the lower posterior teeth and Group3 showed the smallest area. There was a significant difference between Group2 and Group3(p=0.025), and Gropu1 was not statistically different for both Group2 and Group3. 2. Means and ratio of the under 2.0mm area(D) and ratio showed $197.49mm^2$, 59.76% in Group1, $188,69mm^2$, 56.10% in Group2, and $174.23mm^2$, 55.76% in Group3. The results that Group1 has the most area/ratio and Group3 has the least area/ratio can be considered Group1 is the most advantageous for masticatory effective area, and Group3 is the least adnantageous. 3. Means and ratio of the under 1.0mm area(C) were $198.96mm^2$, 42.65% in Group1, 123.06$mm^2$, 46.58% in Group2, and $92.24mm^2$, 29.52% in Group3. These data means that Group1 is the most advantageous in terms of masticatory effective area and Group3 is the least. 4. Means and ratio of the under 0.5mm area(B) were $86.68mm^2$, 26.68% in Group1, $62.98mm^2$, 18.71% in Group2, and $36.44mm^2$, 11.66% in Group3. These can also be considered Group1 is the most advantageous for masticatory effective area and occlusal stability. 5. Means and ratio of the under 0.05mm area(A) were $30.92mm^2$, 9.21% in Group1, $14.31mm^2$, 4.25% in Group2, and $7.59mm^2$, 2.43% in Group3. The area ratio of the each subject group was(4.1) : (1.9) : (1)and the data of the under 0.05mm area has the intimate relationship with inter-group and intra-group data/ratio. 6. First molar showed the most occlusal contact points in all subject group and Group1 showed somewhat uniformly distributed occlusal contact point except first premolar. In Group2, all contact point in posterior teeth showed significantly reduced distribution except first molar. Group3 showed evenly distributed contace points in first and second molars.

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THE DENTAL MATURATION OF MAXILLA IN CHILDREN WITH ANTERIOR CROSSBITE OF MAXILLARY UNDERGROWTH TYPE (상악 열성장형 전치부 반대교합 아동에 있어서의 상악 치아 성숙도)

  • An, Ul-Jin;Noh, Hong-Seok;Jeong, Tae-Sung;Kim, Shin
    • Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.119-128
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    • 2011
  • In the process of assessing the children with anterior crossbite in early mixed dentition, it has frequently been detected that the stronger the skeletal pattern of the malocclusion is, the more markedly delayed the development and eruption of maxillary teeth are. If the anteroposterior characteristics of craniofacial skeleton has any relationship with dental maturation, the evaluation of dental development and eruption was thought to be able to contribute to early diagnosis of crossbite in children. This study was performed for the purpose of elucidating the relationship between dental maturation of maxillary teeth and some cephalometric values in children with anterior crossbite of maxillary undergrowth type in early mixed dentition. Among the children in Hellman dental age IIA and IIC who attended the Pediatric Dental Clinic of Pusan National University Hospital with orthodontic problems, cases with Class III malocclusion were classified and 50 cases of maxillary undergrowth type and type with normal maxilla respectively were randomly selected and studied as subjects. From their lateral cephalographs and panoramic radiographs, their anteroposterior skeletal features, the dental maturity and eruption rate were obtained of each group and data were analyzed to yield the results as follows: 1. Comparing the maturity of maxillary teeth of both groups, only the first molars of maxillary undergrowth group showed significantly slower development and eruption (p<0.05). 2. There was high correlation between maturation of maxillary 1st molar and chronological age(p<0.05). 3. Among the parameters of anteroposterior relationship of skeletal pattern in maxilla and mandible. Wits was revealed as a useful index to predict both the calcification and eruption rate of the 1st molars whereas SNA was to eruption rate(p<0.05).

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CO-CR DISCREPANCY AND FACIAL SKELETAL TYPE (안면골격 형태와 중심교합위-중심위 변위간의 상관성에 관한 연구)

  • Cho, Jin-Young;Lee, Young-Jun;Park, Young-Guk;Chung, Kyu-Rhim
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.28 no.5 s.70
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    • pp.839-853
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    • 1998
  • The present study was performed to prove the relationship between CO-CR discrepancy and facial skeletal type. In this study, 242 subjects were randomly selected and devided into 9 groups(devided into class I, II, III by ANB and each one devided into dolicho-, brachy-, mesofacial skeleton by Ricketts' vertical index). Lateral cephalometric radiographs with the mandible in centric occlusion were taken and measured and CO and CR bites were registered on all subjects. Diagnostic casts were mounted on Panadent articulator using an estimated face-bow and centric relation bite registration. The amount and direction of CO-CR discrepancy present was recorded using a Condylar Position Indicator(CPI) and a centric occlusion wax bite registration. CPI measurements and cephalometric measurements were statistically analyzed. The finding of this study can be summerized as follows : 1. There is little correlation between right and left sides for magnitude or direction of CO-CR discrepancies. The correlation between the magnitude of CO-CR discrepancy of left A-P and right A-P is higher than that of left S-I and right S-I. 2. Correlation of Class II malocclusion group was higher than that of the other groups between the magnitude of CO-CR discrepancy of left CPI and right CPI. 3. There is no difference between the pattern of CO-CR discrepancy of 9 malocclusion groups. 4. There is very little, if any, correlation between Skeletofacial measurements and CO-CR discrepancy. 5. In Class II brachyfacial skeleton and Class III mesofacial skeleton there was Lateral cephalometric measurements by that we predict CPI measurements was detected. That was overbite, overjet, upper genial angle, lower genial angle, saddle angle, articular angle, convexity of point A, ANS-Me/Na-Me, PCBL/RH, Posterior FH/anterior FH.

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Comparisons of occlusal force according to occlusal relationship, skeletal pattern, age and gender in Koreans (한국인에서의 부정교합 여부와 골격형태, 연령, 성별에 따른 교합력의 비교)

  • Yoon, Hye-Rim;Choi, Yoon-Jeong;Kim, Kyung-Ho;Chung, Choo-Ryung
    • The korean journal of orthodontics
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    • v.40 no.5
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    • pp.304-313
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    • 2010
  • Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the occlusal force and contact area and to find its associating factors in Koreans. Methods: Occlusal force and contact area in maximum intercuspation were measured using the Dental $Prescale^{(R)}$ system in 651 subjects (15 with normal occlusion, 636 with various malocclusions divided into subgroups according to the skeletal pattern, Angle's molar relationship, age and gender). Results: Occlusal force of the normal occlusion group ($744.5{\pm}262.6N$) was significantly higher than those of the malocclusion group ($439.0{\pm}229.9N$, $p$ < 0.05). Occlusal force was similar regardless of differences in ANB angle or Angle's molar classification, however the increase in vertical dimension significantly reduced occlusal force ($p$ < 0.05). Conclusions: Occlusal force was significantly lower in the malocclusion group compared to the normal occlusion group, and in females compared to males, but it was not affected by age, antero-posterior skeletal pattern or molar classification. Although a hyperdivergent facial pattern indicated lower occlusal force compared to a hypodivergent facial pattern, the differences in skeletal pattern were not the primary cause of its decrease, but a secondary result induced by the differences in occlusal contact area according to the facial pattern.